Skip to content

Navigation Menu

Sign in
Appearance settings

Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...

Provide feedback

We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly
Sign up
Appearance settings

Commit f6d4f4d

Browse files
committed
httplib
Change-Id: Ifc63cc86607de299e912a24c52656230cc06042c
1 parent d23ea37 commit f6d4f4d

File tree

4 files changed

+245
-1
lines changed

4 files changed

+245
-1
lines changed

‎README.md

Lines changed: 2 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -299,6 +299,8 @@ python的强大之处有很大的一方面在于它有各种各样非常强大
299299

300300
## [urllib2](content/urllib2.md)
301301

302+
## [httplib](content/httplib.md)
303+
302304
## [tools](content/tools.md)
303305

304306
## [Other_thing](content/other_thing.md)

‎code/http_demo.py

Lines changed: 34 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
1+
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2+
3+
import httplib
4+
5+
connection = httplib.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
6+
# 打开日志
7+
connection.set_debuglevel(1)
8+
9+
# GET 请求
10+
connection.request("GET", "/get?name=windard")
11+
response = connection.getresponse()
12+
print "HTTP GET:", response.read()
13+
14+
# POST 请求
15+
connection.request("POST", "/post", '{"haha":"lala"}', {
16+
"From": "China",
17+
"To": "USA",
18+
"Content-Type": "application/json",
19+
})
20+
21+
response = connection.getresponse()
22+
print "HTTP Status Code:", response.status
23+
print "HTTP Version:", response.version
24+
print "HTTP Reason:", response.reason
25+
print "HTTP headers:"
26+
print response.getheaders()
27+
28+
print "HTTP Connection:", response.getheader("Connection")
29+
print "HTTP msg:", response.msg
30+
31+
print "HTTP Body:", response.read()
32+
33+
# 关闭连接
34+
connection.close()

‎content/httplib.md

Lines changed: 208 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
1+
## httplib
2+
3+
不推荐用 urllib 和 urllib2 ,最好用 requests,否则就用 httplib, httplib 是 urllib 和 urllib2 的底层库,但是使用起来和 requests 一样简单。
4+
5+
urllib 使用的是 httplib.HTTP, urllib2 使用的是 httplib.HTTPConnection
6+
7+
根据历史的发展,我们知道用 HTTPConnection 应该是对的。然后阅读源码,证明我们的结论,HTTP 只是为了兼容历史版本,而且也改成了使用 HTTPConnection 的方式。
8+
9+
httplib 在 python3 中被换了个位置,变成了 http.client ,所有的引入方式从 `from httplib import **` 变成 `from http.client import **` 即可
10+
11+
为了让 python2 与 python3 兼容,在 python2 中也可以用 `http.client` 引入 httplib
12+
13+
### HTTP
14+
15+
httplib 作为一个基础库,首先定义了一些 HTTP 的常用枚举,包括 HTTP 的状态码和对应的解释说明。
16+
17+
```
18+
# status codes
19+
# informational
20+
CONTINUE = 100
21+
SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
22+
PROCESSING = 102
23+
24+
# successful
25+
OK = 200
26+
CREATED = 201
27+
ACCEPTED = 202
28+
NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
29+
NO_CONTENT = 204
30+
RESET_CONTENT = 205
31+
PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
32+
MULTI_STATUS = 207
33+
IM_USED = 226
34+
35+
# redirection
36+
MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
37+
MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
38+
FOUND = 302
39+
SEE_OTHER = 303
40+
NOT_MODIFIED = 304
41+
USE_PROXY = 305
42+
TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
43+
44+
# client error
45+
BAD_REQUEST = 400
46+
UNAUTHORIZED = 401
47+
PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
48+
FORBIDDEN = 403
49+
NOT_FOUND = 404
50+
METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
51+
NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
52+
PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
53+
REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
54+
CONFLICT = 409
55+
GONE = 410
56+
LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
57+
PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
58+
REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413
59+
REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
60+
UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
61+
REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
62+
EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
63+
UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422
64+
LOCKED = 423
65+
FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
66+
UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
67+
68+
# server error
69+
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
70+
NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
71+
BAD_GATEWAY = 502
72+
SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
73+
GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
74+
HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
75+
INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
76+
NOT_EXTENDED = 510
77+
78+
# Mapping status codes to official W3C names
79+
responses = {
80+
100: 'Continue',
81+
101: 'Switching Protocols',
82+
83+
200: 'OK',
84+
201: 'Created',
85+
202: 'Accepted',
86+
203: 'Non-Authoritative Information',
87+
204: 'No Content',
88+
205: 'Reset Content',
89+
206: 'Partial Content',
90+
91+
300: 'Multiple Choices',
92+
301: 'Moved Permanently',
93+
302: 'Found',
94+
303: 'See Other',
95+
304: 'Not Modified',
96+
305: 'Use Proxy',
97+
306: '(Unused)',
98+
307: 'Temporary Redirect',
99+
100+
400: 'Bad Request',
101+
401: 'Unauthorized',
102+
402: 'Payment Required',
103+
403: 'Forbidden',
104+
404: 'Not Found',
105+
405: 'Method Not Allowed',
106+
406: 'Not Acceptable',
107+
407: 'Proxy Authentication Required',
108+
408: 'Request Timeout',
109+
409: 'Conflict',
110+
410: 'Gone',
111+
411: 'Length Required',
112+
412: 'Precondition Failed',
113+
413: 'Request Entity Too Large',
114+
414: 'Request-URI Too Long',
115+
415: 'Unsupported Media Type',
116+
416: 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
117+
417: 'Expectation Failed',
118+
119+
500: 'Internal Server Error',
120+
501: 'Not Implemented',
121+
502: 'Bad Gateway',
122+
503: 'Service Unavailable',
123+
504: 'Gateway Timeout',
124+
505: 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
125+
}
126+
```
127+
128+
### 请求
129+
130+
httplib 中最重要的两个类 `HTTPConnection` 和 `HTTPSConnection` 分别对应 HTTP 请求和 HTTPS 请求。
131+
132+
可以先看下请求过程,在源代码注释中为我们画了这样一幅图。
133+
134+
```
135+
(null)
136+
|
137+
| HTTPConnection()
138+
v
139+
Idle
140+
|
141+
| putrequest()
142+
v
143+
Request-started
144+
|
145+
| ( putheader() )* endheaders()
146+
v
147+
Request-sent
148+
|
149+
| response = getresponse()
150+
v
151+
Unread-response [Response-headers-read]
152+
|\____________________
153+
| |
154+
| response.read() | putrequest()
155+
v v
156+
Idle Req-started-unread-response
157+
______/|
158+
/ |
159+
response.read() | | ( putheader() )* endheaders()
160+
v v
161+
Request-started Req-sent-unread-response
162+
|
163+
| response.read()
164+
v
165+
Request-sent
166+
```
167+
168+
发起 HTTP 请求
169+
170+
```
171+
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
172+
173+
import httplib
174+
175+
connection = httplib.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
176+
# 打开日志
177+
connection.set_debuglevel(1)
178+
179+
# GET 请求
180+
connection.request("GET", "/get?name=windard")
181+
response = connection.getresponse()
182+
print "HTTP GET:", response.read()
183+
184+
# POST 请求
185+
connection.request("POST", "/post", '{"haha":"lala"}', {
186+
"From": "China",
187+
"To": "USA",
188+
"Content-Type": "application/json",
189+
})
190+
191+
response = connection.getresponse()
192+
print "HTTP Status Code:", response.status
193+
print "HTTP Version:", response.version
194+
print "HTTP Reason:", response.reason
195+
print "HTTP headers:"
196+
print response.getheaders()
197+
198+
print "HTTP Connection:", response.getheader("Connection")
199+
print "HTTP msg:", response.msg
200+
201+
print "HTTP Body:", response.read()
202+
203+
# 关闭连接
204+
connection.close()
205+
```
206+
207+
使用 HTTPConnection 可以自己手动设置发送请求方式,请求头,请求参数,请求体,比较自由。
208+

‎content/urllib2.md

Lines changed: 1 addition & 1 deletion
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ print "HTT Content-Length:", resp.info().get("Content-Length")
3030

3131
### 实战
3232

33-
urllib 和 urllib2 用起来差不多,深入源码可以发现,其实 urllib 和 urllib2 底层使用的都是 http 库的连接 connection 然后 send 请求。
33+
urllib 和 urllib2 用起来差不多,深入源码可以发现,其实 urllib 和 urllib2 底层使用的都是 http 库,只不过 urllib 用的 HTTP ,urllib2 用的 HTTPConnection 。
3434

3535
但是请求中最关键的 `opener` 和 `request` 在 urllib2 中可以被定制,传入自定义实现,而 urllib 中则不行。
3636

0 commit comments

Comments
(0)

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /