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Commit f20d74a

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logger.exception
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6 files changed

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‎.gitignore

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*.pyc
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*.py[ocd]
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.ipynb_checkpoints/
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.DS_Store
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.DS_Store

‎code/logging_demo.py

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import logging
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import sys
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LEVELS = {'debug': logging.DEBUG,
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'info': logging.INFO,
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'warning': logging.WARNING,
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'error': logging.ERROR,
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'critical': logging.CRITICAL}
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if len(sys.argv) > 1:
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level_name = sys.argv[1]
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level = LEVELS.get(level_name, logging.NOTSET)
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logging.basicConfig(level=level)
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logging.debug('This is a debug message')
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logging.info('This is an info message')
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logging.warning('This is a warning message')
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logging.error('This is an error message')
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logging.critical('This is a critical error message')
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logging.critical('This is a critical error message')

‎code/logging_exception.py

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# coding=utf-8
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import sys
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import logging
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s %(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(lineno)-4d %(message)s', '%Y %b %d %a %H:%M:%S',)
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stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
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stream_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
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logger.addHandler(stream_handler)
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logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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logger.info("main start...")
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try:
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1 / 0
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except Exception as e:
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logger.exception("error %s", e)
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logger.info("main end.")

‎code/logging_format.py

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import logging
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logger = logging.getLogger("Test Logging")
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formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s %(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(lineno)-4d %(message)s', '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',)
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formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s %(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(lineno)-4d %(message)s', '%Y%b%d %a %H:%M:%S')
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file_handler = logging.FileHandler("test.log")
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file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
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# file_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

‎content/logging.md

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标准的输出日志库,比每次用 print 输出不知道高到哪里去了。
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```python
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#coding=utf-8
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import logging
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import sys
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logging.warning('This is a warning message')
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logging.error('This is an error message')
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logging.critical('This is a critical error message')
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```
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logging 共分五个 log 等级,默认输出的 Level 为 warning 等级,可以设定为其他等级就可以将代码中的每一个等级大于等于 Level 的问题都输出。
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```python
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#coding=utf-8
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import sys
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import logging
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logger = logging.getLogger("Test Logging")
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formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s %(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(lineno)-4d %(message)s', '%Y%b%d %a %H:%M:%S',)
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formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s %(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(lineno)-4d %(message)s', '%Y%b%d %a %H:%M:%S')
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file_handler = logging.FileHandler("test.log")
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file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
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file_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
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logger.addHandler(file_handler)
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logger.addHandler(stream_handler)
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#logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
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logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
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logger.debug('This is a debug message')
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logger.info('This is an info message')
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也可以这样配置日志
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```
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# coding=utf-8
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import logging
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def main():
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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```
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关于 logger 输出异常堆栈,无论使用 `logger.info` 或者 `logger.error` 输出格式都是一样的,只是日志等级不一样,但是有时在输出异常的时候,我们不只是需要知道异常名称,还需要知道异常的上下文,堆栈信息等,特别是在多线程中,子线程的异常不会被主线程捕获输出,只能通过日志打印出来。
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所以可以使用 `logger.exception` 代替 `logger.error` ,日志等级也是 `error`, 但是会打印出异常的堆栈信息。
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示例代码
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```
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# coding=utf-8
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import sys
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import logging
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s %(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(lineno)-4d %(message)s', '%Y %b %d %a %H:%M:%S',)
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stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
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stream_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
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logger.addHandler(stream_handler)
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logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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logger.info("main start...")
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try:
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except Exception as e:
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logger.exception("error %s", e)
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logger.info("main end.")
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```
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对比一下输出的日志即可看出。
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使用 `logger.error` 的效果
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```
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__main__ 2019 May 25 Sat 22:23:36 INFO 16 main start...
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__main__ 2019 May 25 Sat 22:23:36 ERROR 20 error integer division or modulo by zero
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__main__ 2019 May 25 Sat 22:23:36 INFO 21 main end.
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```
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使用 `logger.exception` 的效果
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```
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__main__ 2019 May 25 Sat 22:23:52 INFO 16 main start...
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__main__ 2019 May 25 Sat 22:23:52 ERROR 20 error integer division or modulo by zero
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "code/logging_exception.py", line 18, in <module>
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1 / 0
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ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
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__main__ 2019 May 25 Sat 22:23:52 INFO 21 main end.
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```

‎content/py_compile.md

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将 py 文件编译为 pyc 文件,在前两年还说是别人都无法反编译出源文件,但是现在连[在线反编译网站](https://tool.lu/pyc/)都有了。
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源代码保护还是需要再想想别的法子.
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源代码保护还是需要再想想别的法子. 比如使用 cython 编译成 so 链接库。
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py_compile 是 python 自带的官方库,在单个 python 文件中边解释边运行,在 python 类库里引用运行的时候就会自动编译出 pyc 文件。
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$ python -m py_compile test.py
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```
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还可以使用 py_compile 编译为 `pyo` 文件,是优化后的二进制文件
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```
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$ python -O -m py_compile test.py
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```
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不过好像没差吖。。。
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确实没什么差别,可以看到[现有的编译器并没有太大的优化](https://docs.pythontab.com/python/python2.7/modules.html#python)
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### 高级用法
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编译整个文件夹,使用 `compileall` 库
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Compiling home/index.py ...
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1
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```
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也可以使用命令行
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```
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$ python -m compileall home
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Listing home ...
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Compiling home/__init__.py ...
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Compiling home/index.py ...
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```

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