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Supporting recursive types #451

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enhancementNew feature or request
@JQuezada0

Description

First off, great framework! As someone who hasn't worked a lot with data interchange formats, I was surprised that the first formats I ran into didn't have both strict support for non-nullable types and ADTs.

Description
I'm trying to define a recursive type, but it looks like it's not supported.

[Error] Cycle detected: types.Foo → types.FooOrBar → types.Foo.

Schema:

struct Foo {
 a: String = 0
 b: FooOrBar = 1 
}
struct Bar {
 a: String = 0
}
choice FooOrBar {
 foo: Foo = 0
 bar: Bar = 1
}

I was hoping that making the field optional, or replacing a directly recursive field with a choice that allows the recursion to end would allow the codegen to succeed, but it looks like recursive types in any form will trigger the error.

Are there any thoughts / plans on supporting this? I could imagine having some ability to limit the depth, like Rust's ![recursion_limit = "512"].

This would have to result in a Box on the rust side: Playground

Typescript

Alternatives considered
The actual situation I'm working with is in modeling a type-check diagnostic result from typescript's compiler api. As a workaround, I've added another type which omits the recursive field, and will have to flatten out the data into a plain array

Typical

struct Diagnostic {
 source: String = 0
 information: [DiagnosticInformation] = 1
}
struct DiagnosticInformation {
 category: DiagnosticCategory = 0
 code: S64 = 1
 optional file: File = 2
 optional start: U64 = 3
 optional length: U64 = 4
 message: DiagnosticMessage = 5
}
choice DiagnosticCategory {
 warning = 0
 error = 1
 suggestion = 2
 message = 3
}
choice DiagnosticMessage {
 text: String = 0
 chain: DiagnosticMessageChain = 1
}
struct DiagnosticMessageChain {
 text: String = 0
 category: DiagnosticCategory = 1
 code: S64 = 2
 # Recursive in typescript's compiler API definition. Flatten out before sending
 optional next: [DiagnosticMessageChainFlat] = 3
}
struct DiagnosticMessageChainFlat {
 text: String = 0
 category: DiagnosticCategory = 1
 code: S64 = 2
}

Taken from typescript 4.7.4 source code

export interface Diagnostic extends DiagnosticRelatedInformation {
 /** May store more in future. For now, this will simply be `true` to indicate when a diagnostic is an unused-identifier diagnostic. */
 reportsUnnecessary?: {};
 reportsDeprecated?: {};
 source?: string;
 relatedInformation?: DiagnosticRelatedInformation[];
 }
 export interface DiagnosticRelatedInformation {
 category: DiagnosticCategory;
 code: number;
 file: SourceFile | undefined;
 start: number | undefined;
 length: number | undefined;
 messageText: string | DiagnosticMessageChain;
 }
 /**
 * A linked list of formatted diagnostic messages to be used as part of a multiline message.
 * It is built from the bottom up, leaving the head to be the "main" diagnostic.
 * While it seems that DiagnosticMessageChain is structurally similar to DiagnosticMessage,
 * the difference is that messages are all preformatted in DMC.
 */
 export interface DiagnosticMessageChain {
 messageText: string;
 category: DiagnosticCategory;
 code: number;
 next?: DiagnosticMessageChain[];
 }

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