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## File operations
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* file is a storage format where we store information on the computer.
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*It might text files like music, video, code and other stuff or binary
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files which are only understood able by computer.
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## Filesystem Operations
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*A file is stored as a resource on the computer on top of a [filesystem](https://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/filesystems.html), which is a storage format.
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*Files can be text, music or media which can be understood by any human user.
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* And some files are binaries which can only be understood by computer.
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* By using Python, we can easily manipulate these files.
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*let's create a file names.txt and add few names.
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*mode of files based on purpose
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*r - read the content of file, setted default
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*w - write the content to file, if file is not there it will create it.
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*a - append contents to the file.
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*Let's create a file - `names.txt` and add few names in it.
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*list of different modes for opening files:
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*`r` - read the content of file, setted default
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*`w` - write the content to file, if file is not there it will create it.
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*`a` - append contents to the file.
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```
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>>> names_list = ['chandan', 'nikhil']
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>>> data = open('names.txt', 'w')
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```
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## Python Modules
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* Python provides a rich support of modules.
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* Modules/library are a collection of python scripts which can be reusable for writting complex program.
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* We can import a module using import keyword.
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* Python provides a rich support for python modules.
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* Modules/libraries (also known as python packages) are a collection of python scripts which can be reusable for writing complex programs.
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* We can import a module using `import` keyword.
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* If it is not available it will give import error.
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* dir() method tells what these modules provides.
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* dir() method tells what the attribute provides.
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```
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>>> import math
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>>> dir(math)
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* A python script foo.py can be called as a module by using foo.py
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## Exceptions
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While writting programs, Errors are prone to occur. But It can be handled via
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exception.
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While writing programs, errors are prone to occur. But they can be handled with
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exceptions.
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For example, we were trying to import a module but it was not there.
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we can by pass this error by using try and except.
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With try keyword, we do something, then in except clause once this
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exception comes we do something else
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We can by pass this error by using try and except.
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With `try` keyword, we write something, then in `except` clause once an
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exception comes, we handle it or do something else. And using `finally` we can move ahead and do something else.
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```
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>>> import sys
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>>> def linux_interaction():
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>>>
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```
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## Writting simple CIL script
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## Writting a simple CIL script
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* We write scripts in order to reuse it multiple times.
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* In python you see '__' double underscore aka dunder.
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