The synched_folder parameters may resolve the shared folder issue when running the Vagrant boxes under Windows.

puppet.vm.synced_folder 'etc-puppet', '/etc/puppet',
 owner: 'root',
 group: 'root',
 create: true,
 mount_options: ['dmode=775','fmode=664']

These are faked and can't be modified within the VM, and still won't resolve any issues with linked files.

(I've tried it and it helps, but not resolved, may need a different user or group.)