diff --git a/.github/FUNDING.yml b/.github/FUNDING.yml index abe8b762fe5..ce92c74ed0d 100644 --- a/.github/FUNDING.yml +++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -ko_fi: jaywcjlove -buy_me_a_coffee: jaywcjlove -custom: ["https://www.paypal.me/kennyiseeyou", "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/#/sponsor"] +github: [jaywcjlove] +#ko_fi: jaywcjlove +#buy_me_a_coffee: jaywcjlove +# custom: ["https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor"] diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml index 7091845dbb4..ccb244953b2 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml @@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ jobs: contents: write id-token: write steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - uses: actions/setup-node@v4 + - uses: actions/checkout@v6 + - uses: actions/setup-node@v6 with: - node-version: 20 + node-version: 24 registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org' - name: Generate Contributors Images @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ jobs: uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-modify-file-content@main with: path: README.md + trim_whitespace: false openDelimiter: '' closeDelimiter: '' body: | @@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ jobs: uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-modify-file-content@main with: path: template/contributors.ejs + trim_whitespace: false openDelimiter: '' closeDelimiter: '' body: | @@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ jobs: - name: Update Dash Feed run: | - echo "${{steps.create_tag.outputs.versionNumber}}https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/linux-command.docset.tgz"> .deploy/linux-command-docset.xml + echo "${{steps.create_tag.outputs.versionNumber}}https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases/download/${{steps.create_tag.outputs.version}}/linux-command.docset.tgz"> .deploy/linux-command-docset.xml - name: Generate Changelog id: changelog @@ -122,6 +124,7 @@ jobs: ``` - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset + - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset.tgz - name: Deploy uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v4 @@ -132,11 +135,9 @@ jobs: user_name: github-actions[bot] user_email: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com - - run: npm publish --access public --provenance + - run: NODE_AUTH_TOKEN="" npm publish --access public --provenance continue-on-error: true name: 📦 linux-command publish to NPM - env: - NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{secrets.NPM_TOKEN}} # Create Docker Image - name: Set up Docker Buildx @@ -163,66 +164,3 @@ jobs: context: . platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64 tags: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}/linux-command:${{steps.changelog.outputs.version}} - - # # Create Docker Image in Github - # - name: Login to the GitHub Container Registry - # uses: docker/login-action@v2 - # with: - # registry: ghcr.io - # username: ${{ github.actor }} - # password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - - # - name: Build and push image:latest - # uses: docker/build-push-action@v6 - # with: - # push: true - # context: . - # platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64 - # tags: ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest - - # - name: Build and push image:tags - # uses: docker/build-push-action@v6 - # if: steps.create_tag.outputs.successful - # with: - # push: true - # context: . - # platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64 - # tags: ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:${{steps.changelog.outputs.version}} - - # # Create Docker Image - # - name: Docker login - # run: docker login -u ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }} -p ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} - - # - name: Build linux-command image - # run: | - # rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset.tgz - # docker image build -t linux-command . - - # - name: Tags & Push image(latest) - # run: | - # docker tag linux-command ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}/linux-command:latest - # docker push ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}/linux-command:latest - - # - name: Tags & Push image - # if: steps.create_tag.outputs.successful - # run: | - # echo "outputs.tag - ${{ steps.changelog.outputs.version }}" - # docker tag linux-command ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}/linux-command:${{steps.changelog.outputs.version}} - # docker push ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}/linux-command:${{steps.changelog.outputs.version}} - - # # Create Docker Image in Github - # - name: Login to GitHub registry - # run: echo ${{ github.token }} | docker login ghcr.io -u ${{ github.actor }} --password-stdin - - # - name: Build docker image - # run: docker build -t ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest . - - # - name: Publish to GitHub registry - # run: docker push ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest - - # - name: Tag docker image (beta) and publish to GitHub registry - # if: steps.create_tag.outputs.successful - # run: | - # echo "version: v${{ steps.changelog.outputs.version }}" - # docker tag ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:${{steps.changelog.outputs.version}} - # docker push ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:${{steps.changelog.outputs.version}} diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync.yml b/.github/workflows/sync.yml deleted file mode 100644 index df5a9fa39eb..00000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/sync.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -name: Upstream Sync - -permissions: - contents: write - -on: - schedule: - - cron: "0 0 * * *" # every day - workflow_dispatch: - -jobs: - sync_latest_from_upstream: - name: Sync latest commits from upstream repo - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - if: ${{ github.event.repository.fork }} - - steps: - # Step 1: run a standard checkout action - - name: Checkout target repo - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - # Step 2: run the sync action - - name: Sync upstream changes - id: sync - uses: aormsby/Fork-Sync-With-Upstream-action@v3.4 - with: - upstream_sync_repo: jaywcjlove/linux-command - upstream_sync_branch: master - target_sync_branch: master - target_repo_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # automatically generated, no need to set - - # Set test_mode true to run tests instead of the true action!! - test_mode: false - - - name: Sync check - if: failure() - run: | - echo "[Error] 由于上游仓库的 workflow 文件变更,导致 GitHub 自动暂停了本次自动更新,你需要手动 Sync Fork 一次。" - echo "[Error] Due to a change in the workflow file of the upstream repository, GitHub has automatically suspended the scheduled automatic update. You need to manually sync your fork." - exit 1 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 029e2a69740..c56342442c5 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,3 +1,26 @@ +
+ Special thanks to: +
+
+ + + doloffer sponsorship + +
+ DolOffer - 一站式数字订阅充值平台
+ 主营 GPT、Claude 等 AI 多类数字服务会员正版订阅,9 折优惠码 AI8888,极速发货,售后无忧

+ + + Fakey sponsorship + +
+ Fakey - Manga Translator
+ Available for Android, iOS and browser extension

+ +

+
+
+

@@ -5,42 +28,140 @@

Linux Command

-[![Buy me a coffee](https://img.shields.io/badge/Buy%20me%20a%20coffee-048754?logo=buymeacoffee)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/#/sponsor) +[![Buy me a coffee](https://img.shields.io/badge/Buy_Me_a_Coffee-ffdd00?logo=buy-me-a-coffee&logoColor=black)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/#/sponsor) +[![Follow On X](https://img.shields.io/badge/Follow%20on%20X-333333?logo=x&logoColor=white)](https://x.com/jaywcjlove) [![CI](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/actions/workflows/ci.yml) [![Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/linux.svg)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) [![weibo](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/weibo.svg)](http://weibo.com/pc175) [![NPM Download](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/linux-command.svg?style=flat)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/linux-command) -[![jsdelivr cdn](https://data.jsdelivr.com/v1/package/npm/linux-command/badge)](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/linux-command) [![Docker Image Size (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) -当前仓库搜集了 580 多个 Linux 命令,是一个非盈利性的仓库,生成了一个 web 网站方便使用,目前网站没有任何广告,内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习,内容来自网络和网友的补充,非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者,对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任,没有任何商业目的,如果认为侵犯了您的版权,请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时,代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。 +当前仓库搜集了 600 多个 Linux 命令,是一个非盈利性的仓库,生成了一个 web 网站方便使用,目前网站没有任何广告,内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习,内容来自网络和网友的补充,非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者,对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任,没有任何商业目的,如果认为侵犯了您的版权,请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时,代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。 + +## 赞助支持 + +非常感谢一直以来支持我开源项目的朋友们!如果您认可我的工作,欢迎通过 [赞助](https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor) 我或下载并使用我开发的 [macOS 应用](https://wangchujiang.com/#/app) 来支持我。以下是我个人独立开发的 macOS 应用列表: + +

+ Zipora: Zip/RAR/7Z 解压工具 + Scap: Screenshot & Markup Edit + Screen Test + Deskmark + Keyzer + Vidwall Hub + VidCrop + Vidwall + Mousio Hint + Mousio + Musicer + Audioer + FileSentinel + FocusCursor + Videoer + KeyClicker + DayBar + Iconed + Menuist + Quick RSS + Quick RSS + Web Serve + Copybook Generator + DevTutor for SwiftUI + RegexMate + Time Passage + Iconize Folder + Textsound Saver + Create Custom Symbols + DevHub + Resume Revise + Palette Genius + Symbol Scribe +

## Web 版本 -[Github Web](http://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [Gitee Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Githack](https://raw.githack.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html) | [Statically](https://cdn.statically.io/gh/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html) +[Github Web](http://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [Githack](https://raw.githack.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html) | [Statically](https://cdn.statically.io/gh/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html) | [English](https://benben17.github.io/linux-command) 扫描二维码移动端预览搜索,也可通过二维码下面链接地址打开使用,下面网站是通过 Github Action 自动更新。 -⚠️ [Gitee Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) 存在 `违禁违规` 内容问题 [#283](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/283)。 - [![Linux 命令大全](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1680273/123261718-ab585380-d529-11eb-86e1-e97cdcd78150.png)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) 预览搜索:**https://git.io/linux** [![Linux 命令大全](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1680273/123261829-ce830300-d529-11eb-8cea-a39059b972dd.gif)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) -你可以随意部署 web 版,这非常简单,只需要克隆 [`gh-pages`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/gh-pages) 分支代码到你的静态服务就可以了。你也可以将 [`command`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/master/command) 目录中的 Markdown 文件拿去自己生成 HTML。还可以使用下方 docker 方法部署 web 版。 +你可以随意部署 web 版,这非常简单,只需要克隆 [gh-pages](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/gh-pages) 分支代码到你的静态服务就可以了。你也可以将 [`command`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/master/command) 目录中的 Markdown 文件拿去自己生成 HTML。还可以使用下方 [Docker 部署](#docker-部署) web 版。 + +⚠️ 部署的静态网站,还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址,这样大家共同维护命令文档,让文档更加完善,更加丰富,当然删除本站所有相关信息,其实我也不太在意,默认允许你们随意搞,我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份,可以将网址放到下面 :)。 -⚠️ 你们拿过去部署的静态网站,还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址,这样大家共同维护命令文档,让文档更加完善,更加丰富,当然你删除本站所有信息相关信息,其实我也不太在意,默认允许你们随意搞,我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份,可以将网址放到下面 :)。 +由于中国国内访问,时常打不开,你可以访问下面镜像网站。也可以通过推荐或提交 PR 的方式添加你的[镜像站 #649](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/649#issue-3141950597),以提升权重并加快搜索引擎收录。 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本** -[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/),[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux),[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/),[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/),[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com),[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/),[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/),[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/),[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/),[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/),[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/) +[**`itool123.cn`**](https://linux.itool123.cn) +[**`235978.xyz`**](https://linux-command.235978.xyz) +[**`hycer.cn`**](https://linux.hycer.cn) +[**`chaoxi.online`**](https://linux.chaoxi.online) +[**`iced.eu.org`**](https://command.iced.eu.org/) +[**`85604608.xyz`**](https://85604608.xyz) +[**`ykkit.cn`**](https://linux.ykkit.cn) +[**`geekswg.js.cool`**](https://geekswg.js.cool/linux-command/) +[**`szsyw.cn`**](https://projects.szsyw.cn/linux/) +[**`lukix.xyz`**](https://linux.lukix.xyz/) +[**`lihaicheng.cn`**](https://linux.lihaicheng.cn) +[**`kkcry.com`**](https://linux.kkcry.com) +[**`dyh1319.asia`**](https://linux.dyh1319.asia) +[**`qqcl.com`**](https://linux.qqcl.com/) +[**`huiyex.top`**](https://linux.huiyex.top) +[**`wu114.cn`**](https://linux.wu114.cn) +[**`waadri.top`**](https://linuxcommand.waadri.top) +[**`zanglikun.com`**](https://linux.zanglikun.com) +[**`alapi.cn`**](https://linux.alapi.cn) +[**`fasfuah.icu`**](https://linux.fasfuah.icu) +[**`cnxiaobai.com`**](https://linux.cnxiaobai.com) +[**`sicangge.com`**](https://linux.sicangge.com) +[**`largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc) +[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/) +[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux) +[**`devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/) +[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/) +[**`mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com) +[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/) +[**`zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/) +[**`vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/) +[**`shinote.net`**](https://linux.shinote.net/) +[**`dogexorg.com`**](http://linux.dogexorg.com/) +[**`alexander.xin`**](https://linux-command.alexander.xin/) +[`vekicc.com`](https://ll.vekicc.com/) +[`liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/) +[`renye.net`](https://renye.net/) +[`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/) +[`alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/) +[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/) +[`jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/) +[`xiyung.cn`](https://xiyung.cn/linux-command/) +[`78888889.xyz`](https://linux-command.78888889.xyz/) **其它 web 版本** -[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/),[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com),[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826),[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/),[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/),[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/),[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/),[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/),[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/),[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/), [`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/) - +[`briline.net`](http://linux.briline.net) +[`pkslow.com`](https://www.pkslow.com/linux-commands/index.html) +[`ifdev.cn`](https://cmd.ifdev.cn) +[`witnect.top`](https://witnect.top/) +[`lylme.com`](https://linux.lylme.com/) +[`ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/) +[`gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com) +[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826) +[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/) +[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/) +[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/) +[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/) +[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/) +[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/) +[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/) +[`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/) +[`ddosi.org`](https://www.ddosi.org/linux-cmd/) +[`jin2005-issues.github.io`](https://jin2005-issues.github.io/linux-command.github.io) ## 其它版本 - [KDE/Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) @@ -53,7 +174,7 @@ - [`@chenjiandongx/how`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/how) Python 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129),由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供 - [`@chenjiandongx/pls`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/pls) Golang 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129),由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供 -## Docker +## Docker 部署 [![Docker Image Version (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/docker/v/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) [![Docker Image Size (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) [![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) @@ -61,16 +182,12 @@ ```bash docker pull wcjiang/linux-command -# Or -docker pull ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest ``` ```bash docker run --name linux-command --rm -d -p 9665:3000 wcjiang/linux-command:latest # Or docker run --name linux-command -itd -p 9665:3000 wcjiang/linux-command:latest -# Or -docker run --name linux-command -itd -p 9665:3000 ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest ``` 在浏览器中访问以下 URL @@ -94,6 +211,98 @@ http://localhost:9665/ 通过 Vercel 分配的域名访问,或者自行在设置中绑定域名。 + +## Netlify + +可以点击下面按钮一键部署至 [Netlify](https://netlify.com): + +[![Deploy to Netlify Button](https://www.netlify.com/img/deploy/button.svg)](https://app.netlify.com/start/deploy?repository=https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command) + +
+部署结果 + +![](./assets/netlify.png) + +
+ +通过 Netlify 分配的域名访问,或者自行在设置中绑定域名。 + +## 宝塔面板 + +可通过宝塔面板应用商店快速部署 linux-command + +
+部署步骤 + +### 前提 + +* 仅适用于宝塔面板 9.2.0 及以上版本 +* 安装宝塔面板,前往[宝塔面板](https://www.bt.cn/new/download.html)官网,选择正式版的脚本下载安装 + +### 部署 + +1. 登录宝塔面板,在左侧菜单栏中点击 `Docker` +2. 首次会提示安装`Docker`和`Docker Compose`服务,点击立即安装,若已安装请忽略。 +3. 安装完成后在`Docker-应用商店-实用工具`中找到 `linux-command`,点击`安装`,也可以在搜索框直接搜索`linux`。 +4. 设置域名等基本信息,点击`确定` +* 说明: + * 名称:应用名称,默认`linuxcommand_随机字符` + * 版本选择:默认`latest` + * 域名:如您需要通过域名访问,请在此处填写您的域名 + * 允许外部访问:如您需通过`IP+Port`直接访问,请勾选,如您已经设置了域名,请不要勾选此处 + * 端口:默认`3000`,可自行修改 + * CPU 限制:0 为不限制,根据实际需要设置 + * 内存限制:0 为不限制,根据实际需要设置 +5. 提交后面板会自动进行应用初始化,大概需要`1-3`分钟,初始化完成后即可访问。 + +### 访问 linux-command + +* 如果您填写域名,请在浏览器输入您的域名访问,如`http://demo.linux-command`,即可访问 `linux-command` 页面。 +* 如您选择`IP+端口访问`请在浏览器地址栏中输入域名访问 `http://<宝塔面板ip>:6806`,即可访问 `linux-command` 页面。 + +
+ +## 1Panel面板 + +可通过1Panel面板应用商店快速部署 linux-command + +
+部署步骤 + +### 前提 + +- 仅适用于1Panel面板v1.10.32-lts及以上版本 + +- 安装1Panel面板,前往[1Panel](https://1panel.cn/)官网,选择正式版安装脚本下载安装 + +### 部署 + +1. 登录1Panel面板,在左侧菜单栏中点击 `应用商店` +2. 在 `应用商店-开发工具` 中找到 `linux-command`,点击`安装`,也可以在搜索框直接搜索 +3. 点击 `确定` + +- 说明: + + - 名称:应用名称,默认 `linux-command` + - 版本:默认最新发行版 + - 端口:默认`40255` + - 端口外部访问:如你需通过 `IP+Port` 直接访问,请勾选,同时会开放服务器防火墙端口 + - CPU限制:默认为0,不限制,可根据实际需要设置 + - 内存限制:默认为0,不限制,可根据实际需要设置 + +4. 提交后面板会自动进行应用安装启动,应用状态会变为`安装中`,大概需要`1-3`分钟,耐心等待安装完成 +5. 当应用状态变为`已启动`后,点击左侧的网站,首次使用需要安装`OpenResty`,点击`安装` +6. 安装完成后,点击`网站`菜单栏左上角`创建`,在弹出的页面中选择`反向代理` +7. 在`主域名`填入你的域名,网站代号会自动生成,代理选择`http`,代理地址填写`127.0.0.1:40255`,点击`确定` +8. (可选) 配置你创建的网站,可根据需要配置`https`访问增强访问安全性 + +### 访问 linux-command + +- 如果你通过`OpenResty`反向代理反代了网站,并且填写了域名,请在浏览器输入`域名`访问 +- 如你选择了 `端口外部访问`,请在浏览器地输入 `http://<1panel面板ip>:40255` 访问 + +
+ ## Linux命令分类 *这里存放Linux 命令大全并不全,你可以通过[linux-command](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/)来搜索,它是把 [command](./assets/command) 目录里面搜集的命令,生成了静态HTML并提供预览以及索引搜索。* @@ -187,7 +396,7 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命 ### 社区网站 - [Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) - 各种资讯、文章、技术 -- [实验楼](https://www.shiyanlou.com/) - 免费提供了Linux在线环境,不用在自己机子上装系统也可以学习Linux,超方便实用。 +- [LabEx](https://labex.io/) - 免费提供了Linux在线环境,不用在自己机子上装系统也可以学习Linux,超方便实用。 - [鸟哥的linux私房菜](http://linux.vbird.org/) - 非常适合Linux入门初学者看的教程。 - [Linux公社](http://www.linuxidc.com/) - Linux相关的新闻、教程、主题、壁纸都有。 - [Linux Today](http://www.linuxde.net) - Linux新闻资讯发布,Linux职业技术学习!。 @@ -197,10 +406,9 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命 - [Linux思维导图整理](http://www.jianshu.com/p/59f759207862) - [Linux初学者进阶学习资源整理](http://www.jianshu.com/p/fe2a790b41eb) -- [Linux 基础入门(新版)](https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/1) +- [Linux 新手入门(动手实验)](https://labex.io/zh/courses/linux-for-noobs) - [【译】Linux概念架构的理解](http://www.jianshu.com/p/c5ae8f061cfe) [En](http://oss.org.cn/ossdocs/linux/kernel/a1/index.html) - [Linux 守护进程的启动方法](http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/02/linux-daemon.html) -- [Linux编程之内存映射](https://www.shiyanlou.com/questions/2992) - [Linux知识点小结](https://blog.huachao.me/2016/1/Linux%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%82%B9%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%93/) - [10大白帽黑客专用的 Linux 操作系统](https://linux.cn/article-6971-1.html) @@ -258,7 +466,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1. 一如既往,感谢我们出色的贡献者! -小弟调调 + +小弟调调 ZhuangZhu-74 Mend Renovate Huck Huang @@ -266,164 +475,193 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1. L 圆头圆脑 clay-wangzhi -Glett 烟草的香味 -Jayin Tang +Glett 丛林意志 -Zijing Zhang -Fubin Zhang +Jayin Tang +Shan Chenyu __FresHmaN -谈笑风生间 +Fubin Zhang +Zijing Zhang +JiangHuDao ernest dulltackle +谈笑风生间 zyy2477 rgshare -loverainye +MioMuse +Jeremy2214 +SteveLauC James Wang -Lnkstls +Xrtero +YEUNGCHIE +duzhuoshanwai lavaicer -SteveLauC +loverainye Wang Yujia -alfred Qliangw 沙漠之子 +永恒 +alfred Shell -xhal +H Liu +will VVatt +jcdj666 gggwvg -Dazhuangw -Alterem -YH -YEUNGCHIE -Xrtero -Xingwen Zhang -Shan Chenyu -RichardLCD -Pan, Wen-Ming -FunKeen BingCoke +Abrillant Lee Ein Verne -leo -kid1412621 -kassadin -juemuren4449 +FunKeen +Skuld +Jinzhou Huang +KrisMagic +Hellof20 +QinShower +RichardLCD +Xingwen Zhang +YH +Alterem +Dazhuangw +cxalc +hululu1068 +illmons jqz3.tech -jcdj666 +juemuren4449 +kassadin +NanoNova +kmephistoh +leo lewis1573 linuxwd Ricardowang cole dufu miniwater -noodles2hg -nsnans -hululu1068 -huangyao -hotdogc1017 -gcluffy -ghy -gesty -gedune -gang.yang -ecjtusbs -dongpohezui -Deny +zyimm dayday -cxalc -Forever121 -c2ch -Yidan Wang -Wendy May -远方 -谢民皆 -Kyofin -老犁 -继刚 -移动的红烧肉 -极简XksA -ReZero -Loofra -Wei Xu -尘埃 -孤城落寞 +Deny +dongpohezui +ecjtusbs +focksor +gang.yang +gedune +geekeryy +gesty +ghy +giftzulu525-ship-it +githubwxz +gong-dx +hanwei +gcluffy +hotdogc1017 +Mr.BigBelly 七朔 -zyimm -zuixin369 -zoomdong -zodiac -zjlovezj -yanyx -Lingfeng Wang -weibk -UniqueDing -tutianyu101 -tangke -snovey -shuangcui -shc -sfwwslm -rexlin600 +孤城落寞 +尘埃 +Wei Xu +Loofra +扶苏如是 +ReZero +极简XksA +淘金的小宇 +移动的红烧肉 +继刚 +老犁 +Kyofin +谢民皆 +远方 +bycs +Yidan Wang +noodles2hg oliver -MinsonLee -Marnm -mwei -Wang -Lucien -Lix -LinuxZilong -Lin Wuxian -孟思行 -LexsionLee -Legend -LaudOak -Karl Horky -Nexchard -Jeremy2214 -Jack.A.Black +rexlin600 +gwj +shc +shuangcui +snovey +tangke +可爱软萌喵 +UniqueDing +waiwai +weibk +Lingfeng Wang +yanyx +zjlovezj +zodiac +zoomdong +zuixin369 Jack -Huntout Zhang -HighScorePlayer -Herbert8 -Guiying Li -Frankie -Divenire -Derek -Danny -DaYangtuo247 -Cui Yang -Azroy -Alan +Jack.A.Black +Jelly +Nexchard +Karl Horky +LaudOak +Legend +LexsionLee +hengli +Lin Wuxian +zlshi6 +Lix +Lucien +Wang +mwei +Marnm +MinsonLee 0x_000 -brinkqiang -bell -azureology -Ashine -amit794 -One Person’s Revelry -0Knot (0KN) -Yunbin Liu -Yan Sheng -Xu Chunyang -Xonline-Tech +AlenPann +azroy +Cui Yang +DYH1319 +DaYangtuo247 +Danny +Lucas Zhao +Divenire +Dongyan Qian +Everything-is-one +Frankie +Guiying Li +Hang +重劍無鋒 +HighScorePlayer +Huntout Zhang Xiaodong DENG -XBG -Wingrez -Na Meng -T-TRz879 -SunX -Spaghetti-C -RoachZhao -Azolla -SevenSteven -SMVirus -殇 -Rocher -Robigus -Rining Wu -Ray Yee -QinShower +Xonline-Tech +Xu Chunyang +Yan Sheng +Yunbin Liu +0Knot (0KN) +Zlanghu +One Person’s Revelry +amit794 +Ashine +azureology +bell +bestlaw66 +brinkqiang +c2ch +chaofan +Forever121 +Mystic Q.Ben Zheng -Mystic +Ray Yee +Rining Wu +Robigus +Rocher +殇 +SMVirus +SevenSteven +Azolla +RoachZhao +Spaghetti-C +SunX +T-TRz879 +Na Meng +Wingrez +XBG + + + 贡献者列表,由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成 diff --git a/assets/netlify.png b/assets/netlify.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b874b04c708 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/netlify.png differ diff --git a/command/apk.md b/command/apk.md index 153480507f6..724b7ce7845 100644 --- a/command/apk.md +++ b/command/apk.md @@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ apk add --upgrade busybox # 指定升级部分软件包 ### 搜索 ```shell -apk search # 查找所以可用软件包 -apk search -v # 查找所以可用软件包及其描述内容 +apk search # 查找所有可用软件包 +apk search -v # 查找所有可用软件包及其描述内容 apk search -v 'acf*' # 通过软件包名称查找软件包 apk search -v -d 'docker' # 通过描述文件查找特定的软件包 ``` @@ -128,4 +128,4 @@ rc-update add sshd /etc/init.d/sshd start /etc/sshd_config apk add dropbear # another openssh implementation -``` \ No newline at end of file +``` diff --git a/command/as.md b/command/as.md index 622f791b0c3..12578067995 100644 --- a/command/as.md +++ b/command/as.md @@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ as ## 补充说明 -**as命令** GNU组织推出的一款汇编语言编译器,它支持多种不同类型的处理器。 +**as命令** 是GNU组织推出的一款汇编语言编译器,它支持多种不同类型的处理器。 -### 语法 +### 语法 ```shell -as(选项)(参数) +as [选项] [参数] ``` -### 选项 +### 选项 ```shell -ac:忽略失败条件; @@ -33,8 +33,44 @@ as(选项)(参数) --statistics:打印汇编所用的最大空间和总时间。 ``` -### 参数 +### 参数 汇编文件:指定要汇编的源文件。 +### 示例 +编译一个汇编文件并生成目标文件 + +```shell +as -o output.o source.s +``` + +忽略调试指令并生成目标文件 + +```shell +as -ad -o output.o source.s +``` + +生成包含调试信息的目标文件 + +```shell +as -g -o output.o source.s +``` + +包括宏扩展并生成目标文件 + +```shell +as -am -o output.o source.s +``` + +打印汇编所用的最大空间和总时间 + +```shell +as --statistics -o output.o source.s +``` + +跳过空白和注释预处理并生成目标文件 + +```shell +as -f -o output.o source.s +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/at.md b/command/at.md index 5b3ca031569..352063efe3a 100644 --- a/command/at.md +++ b/command/at.md @@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ at ## 补充说明 -**at命令** 用于在指定时间执行命令。at允许使用一套相当复杂的指定时间的方法。它能够接受在当天的hh:mm(小时:分钟)式的时间指定。假如该时间已过去,那么就放在第二天执行。当然也能够使用midnight(深夜),noon(中午),teatime(饮茶时间,一般是下午4点)等比较模糊的 词语来指定时间。用户还能够采用12小时计时制,即在时间后面加上AM(上午)或PM(下午)来说明是上午还是下午。 也能够指定命令执行的具体日期,指定格式为month day(月 日)或mm/dd/yy(月/日/年)或dd.mm.yy(日.月.年)。指定的日期必须跟在指定时间的后面。 +**at命令** 用于在指定时间执行命令。at允许使用一套相当复杂的指定时间的方法。它能够接受在当天的hh:mm(小时:分钟)式的时间指定。假如该时间已过去,那么就放在第二天执行。当然也能够使用midnight(深夜),noon(中午),teatime(饮茶时间,一般是下午4点)等比较模糊的词语来指定时间。用户还能够采用12小时计时制,即在时间后面加上AM(上午)或PM(下午)来说明是上午还是下午。也能够指定命令执行的具体日期,指定格式为month day(月 日)或mm/dd/yy(月/日/年)或dd.mm.yy(日.月.年)。指定的日期必须跟在指定时间的后面。 -上面介绍的都是绝对计时法,其实还能够使用相对计时法,这对于安排不久就要执行的命令是很有好处的。指定格式为:`now + count time-units`,now就是当前时间,time-units是时间单位,这里能够是minutes(分钟)、hours(小时)、days(天)、weeks(星期)。count是时间的数量,究竟是几天,还是几小时,等等。 更有一种计时方法就是直接使用today(今天)、tomorrow(明天)来指定完成命令的时间。 +上面介绍的都是绝对计时法,其实还能够使用相对计时法,这对于安排不久就要执行的命令是很有好处的。指定格式为:`now + count time-units`,now就是当前时间,time-units是时间单位,这里能够是minutes(分钟)、hours(小时)、days(天)、weeks(星期)。count是时间的数量,究竟是几天,还是几小时,等等。更有一种计时方法就是直接使用today(今天)、tomorrow(明天)来指定完成命令的时间。 -### 语法 +### 语法 ```shell at [-V] [-q 队列] [-f 文件] [-mldbv] 时间 at -c 作业 [作业...] ``` -### 选项 +### 选项 ```shell -f:指定包含具体指令的任务文件; @@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ at [-V] [-q 队列] [-f 文件] [-mldbv] 时间 at -c 作业 [作业...] -m:任务执行完成后向用户发送E-mail。 ``` -### 参数 +### 参数 日期时间:指定任务执行的日期时间。 -### 实例 +### 示例 -三天后的下午 5 点锺执行`/bin/ls`: +三天后的下午 5 点钟执行`/bin/ls`: ```shell [root@localhost ~]# at 5pm+3 days @@ -60,10 +60,6 @@ job 8 at 2013年01月06日 17:20 删除已经设置的任务: ```shell -[root@localhost ~]# atq -8 2013年01月06日 17:20 a root -7 2013年01月08日 17:00 a root - [root@localhost ~]# atrm 7 [root@localhost ~]# atq 8 2013年01月06日 17:20 a root @@ -80,5 +76,28 @@ umask 22此处省略n个字符 date>/root/2013.log ``` +使用任务文件执行任务: + +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# echo "/bin/ls"> mytask.txt +[root@localhost ~]# at -f mytask.txt 5pm+3 days +job 9 at 2013年01月08日 17:00 +``` + +指定任务队列执行任务: +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# at -q b 5pm+3 days +at> /bin/ls +at> +job 10 at 2013年01月08日 17:00 +``` +任务执行完成后发送E-mail通知: + +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# at -m 5pm+3 days +at> /bin/ls +at> +job 11 at 2013年01月08日 17:00 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/atop.md b/command/atop.md index a33cf5ab340..ca04cc49b93 100644 --- a/command/atop.md +++ b/command/atop.md @@ -5,26 +5,32 @@ atop ## 补充说明 -[非内部程序,需要安装]它以一定的频率记录系统的运行状态,所采集的数据包含系统资源(CPU、内存、磁盘和网络)使用情况和进程运行情况,并能以日志文件的方式保存在磁盘中,服务器出现问题后,我们可获取相应的atop日志文件进行分析。atop是一款开源软件,我们可以从这里获得其[源码](https://github.com/Atoptool/atop)和[rpm安装包](https://pkgs.org/download/atop)。 +**atop命令** 是一款开源的系统监控工具,它以一定的频率记录系统的运行状态,采集的数据包含系统资源(CPU、内存、磁盘和网络)使用情况和进程运行情况,并能以日志文件的方式保存在磁盘中。服务器出现问题后,我们可获取相应的atop日志文件进行分析。atop是一款开源软件,我们可以从这里获得其[源码](https://github.com/Atoptool/atop)和[rpm安装包](https://pkgs.org/download/atop)。 ## 语法 ```shell -atop(选项)(参数) +atop [选项] [参数] ``` ## 说明 -**ATOP列**:该列显示了主机名、信息采样日期和时间点 +### ATOP列 -**PRC列**:该列显示进程整体运行情况 +该列显示了主机名、信息采样日期和时间点。 + +### PRC列 + +该列显示进程整体运行情况: - sys、usr字段分别指示进程在内核态和用户态的运行时间 -- #proc字段指示进程总数 -- #zombie字段指示僵尸进程的数量 -- #exit字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量 +- `#proc` 字段指示进程总数 +- `#zombie` 字段指示僵尸进程的数量 +- `#exit` 字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量 + +### CPU列 -**CPU列**:该列显示CPU整体(即多核CPU作为一个整体CPU资源)的使用情况,我们知道CPU可被用于执行进程、处理中断,也可处于空闲状态(空闲状态分两种,一种是活动进程等待磁盘IO导致CPU空闲,另一种是完全空闲) +该列显示CPU整体(即多核CPU作为一个整体CPU资源)的使用情况: - sys、usr字段指示CPU被用于处理进程时,进程在内核态、用户态所占CPU的时间比例 - irq字段指示CPU被用于处理中断的时间比例 @@ -33,15 +39,21 @@ atop(选项)(参数) CPU列各个字段指示值相加结果为N00%,其中N为cpu核数。 -cpu列:该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况,各字段含义可参照CPU列,各字段值相加结果为100% +### cpu列 -**CPL列**:该列显示CPU负载情况 +该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况,各字段含义可参照CPU列,各字段值相加结果为100%。 + +### CPL列 + +该列显示CPU负载情况: - avg1、avg5和avg15字段:过去1分钟、5分钟和15分钟内运行队列中的平均进程数量 - csw字段指示上下文交换次数 - intr字段指示中断发生次数 -**MEM列**:该列指示内存的使用情况 +### MEM列 + +该列指示内存的使用情况: - tot字段指示物理内存总量 - free字段指示空闲内存的大小 @@ -49,43 +61,49 @@ cpu列:该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况,各字段含义可参照CPU - buff字段指示用于文件缓存的内存大小 - slab字段指示系统内核占用的内存大小 -**SWP列**:该列指示交换空间的使用情况 +### SWP列 + +该列指示交换空间的使用情况: - tot字段指示交换区总量 - free字段指示空闲交换空间大小 -**PAG列**:该列指示虚拟内存分页情况 +### PAG列 + +该列指示虚拟内存分页情况: + +- swin、swout字段:换入和换出内存页数 -swin、swout字段:换入和换出内存页数 +### DSK列 -**DSK列**:该列指示磁盘使用情况,每一个磁盘设备对应一列,如果有sdb设备,那么增多一列DSK信息 +该列指示磁盘使用情况,每一个磁盘设备对应一列,如果有sdb设备,那么增多一列DSK信息: - sda字段:磁盘设备标识 - busy字段:磁盘忙时比例 - read、write字段:读、写请求数量 -**NET列**:多列NET展示了网络状况,包括传输层(TCP和UDP)、IP层以及各活动的网口信息 +### NET列 -- XXXi 字段指示各层或活动网口收包数目 -- XXXo 字段指示各层或活动网口发包数目 +多列NET展示了网络状况,包括传输层(TCP和UDP)、IP层以及各活动的网口信息: -## atop日志 +- XXXi字段指示各层或活动网口收包数目 +- XXXo字段指示各层或活动网口发包数目 -每个时间点采样页面组合起来就形成了一个atop日志文件,我们可以使用"atop -r XXX"命令对日志文件进行查看。那以什么形式保存atop日志文件呢? +## atop日志 -对于atop日志文件的保存方式,我们可以这样: +每个时间点采样页面组合起来就形成了一个atop日志文件,我们可以使用`atop -r XXX`命令对日志文件进行查看。日志文件的保存方式如下: - 每天保存一个atop日志文件,该日志文件记录当天信息 -- 日志文件以"atop_YYYYMMDD"的方式命名 +- 日志文件以`atop_YYYYMMDD`的方式命名 - 设定日志失效期限,自动删除一段时间前的日志文件 -其实atop开发者已经提供了以上日志保存方式,相应的atop.daily脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在atop.daily脚本中,我们可以通过修改INTERVAL变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟);通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天): +atop开发者提供了以上日志保存方式,相应的`atop.daily`脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在`atop.daily`脚本中,我们可以通过修改`INTERVAL`变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟);通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天): ```shell (sleep 3; find $LOGPATH -name 'atop_*' -mtime +28 -exec rm {} \; )& ``` -最后,我们修改cron文件,每天凌晨执行atop.daily脚本: +最后,我们修改cron文件,每天凌晨执行`atop.daily`脚本: ```shell 0 0 * * * root /etc/cron.daily/atop.daily diff --git a/command/atq.md b/command/atq.md index ae1ad20ddd5..5fd86e76812 100644 --- a/command/atq.md +++ b/command/atq.md @@ -7,30 +7,56 @@ atq **atq命令** 显示系统中待执行的任务列表,也就是列出当前用户的at任务列表。 -### 语法 +### 语法 ```shell atq [-V] [-q 队列] [-v] ``` -### 选项 +### 选项 ```shell -V:显示版本号; -q:查询指定队列的任务。 ``` -### 实例 +### 示例 + +创建一个在10分钟后执行的任务,并列出当前用户的任务列表: ```shell -at now + 10 minutes +[root@localhost ~]# at now + 10 minutes at> echo 1111 -at> +at> job 3 at Fri Apr 26 12:56:00 2013 +``` -atq +使用`atq`命令查看当前用户的任务列表: + +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# atq 3 Fri Apr 26 12:56:00 2013 a root ``` +查询指定队列的任务: +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# at -q a now + 10 minutes +at> echo "Task in queue a" +at> +job 4 at Fri Apr 26 13:06:00 2013 +``` +使用`atq`命令查看队列`a`中的任务: + +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# atq -q a +4 Fri Apr 26 13:06:00 2013 a root +``` + +显示`atq`命令的版本号: + +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# atq -V +atq (GNU at) 3.1.20 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/badblocks.md b/command/badblocks.md index dbd00a31a20..39526f00d0a 100644 --- a/command/badblocks.md +++ b/command/badblocks.md @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ badblock(选项)(参数) * 磁盘装置:指定要检查的磁盘装置; * 磁盘区块数:指定磁盘装置的区块总数; -* 启始区块:指定要从哪个区块开始检查。 +* 起始区块:指定要从哪个区块开始检查。 ### 实例 @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ badblocks可以随e2fsck和mke2fs的-c删除一起运行(对ext3文件系统 mkfs.ext3 -c /dev/hda1 ``` -代码表示使用-c在创建文件系统前检查坏道的硬盘。 +命令表示使用-c在创建文件系统前检查坏道的硬盘。 这个操作已经很清楚地告知我们可以采用`mkfs.ext3 -c`选项用`read-only`方式检查硬盘。这个命令会在格式化硬盘时检查硬盘,并标出错误的硬盘"block"。用这个方法格式化硬盘,需要有相当大的耐心,因为命令运行后,会一个个用读的方式检查硬盘。 diff --git a/command/beep.md b/command/beep.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c1b58accfc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/command/beep.md @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +beep +=== + +用于控制 PC 扬声器发出蜂鸣声的命令行工具。 + +## 介绍 + +`beep` 是一个用于精确控制 PC 扬声器发出蜂鸣声的命令行工具。它可以生成不同频率、时长、重复次数和延迟的蜂鸣音,支持将多个音调组合成序列,或根据标准输入(stdin)的换行符/字符触发蜂鸣。该工具常用于 shell 或 Perl 脚本中,在特定事件发生时向用户发出音频提示。 + +**注意**:`beep` 需要 PC 扬声器硬件支持,通常需要加载 `pcspkr` 内核模块,并且对输出设备具有写入权限。 + +## 安装 +Debian/Ubuntu: +```bash +sudo apt install beep +``` + +RedHel/Centos/Fedora: +```bash +sudo yum install beep +``` + +## 语法 +```bash +beep [全局选项] [音调选项] [-n|--new 音调选项...]... +beep [-h|--help] +beep [-v|-V|--version] +``` + +## 选项说明 + +### 信息选项 +| 选项 | 描述 | +|----------------|-----------------------------------| +| `-h, --help` | 显示帮助信息并退出。 | +| `-v, -V, --version` | 显示版本信息并退出。 | + +### 全局选项 +| 选项 | 描述 | +|---------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------| +| `-e, --device=DEVICE` | 显式指定用于输出蜂鸣的设备。若不指定,`beep` 会依次尝试内部设备列表直到成功。 | +| `--debug, --verbose` | 启用详细输出,显示调试信息。 | + +### 音调选项 +每个音调可以由以下选项组合定义。若未指定,使用默认值。 + +| 选项 | 描述 | +|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------| +| `-f FREQ` | 设置蜂鸣频率(单位:Hz)。必须满足 0 < FREQ < 20000。可接受浮点数,但内核 API 会取整为整数。默认值:440 Hz。 | +| `-l LEN` | 设置蜂鸣时长(单位:ms)。默认值:200 ms。 | +| `-r REPEATS` | 设置当前音调的重复次数(包括延迟)。默认值:1(仅一次,无重复)。 | +| `-d DELAY` | 设置重复之间的延迟(单位:ms),**不**在最后一次重复后添加延迟。默认值:100 ms。 | +| `-D DELAY` | 设置重复之间的延迟(单位:ms),**并**在最后一次重复后也添加该延迟。默认无延迟。 | +| `-n, --new` | 开始定义一个新的音调。每个 `-n` 之后可以跟一组新的音调选项,新音调继承所有默认值,直到被显式选项覆盖。 | +| `-s` | 将 `beep` 置于输入处理模式:从标准输入读取数据,每遇到一个**换行符**就发出当前定义的音调一次,同时将输入数据原样复制到标准输出。 | +| `-c` | 与 `-s` 类似,但每遇到一个**字符**就触发一次蜂鸣。 | + +**注意**: +- `-d` 和 `-D` 的区别:`-r 3 -d 100` 产生:蜂鸣、延迟、蜂鸣、延迟、蜂鸣(结束);`-r 3 -D 100` 产生:蜂鸣、延迟、蜂鸣、延迟、蜂鸣、延迟(结束)。 +- 在一个由 `-n` 连接的多个音调序列中,**只能有一个音调**带有 `-s` 或 `-c`。`beep` 会先播放该音调之前的所有音调,然后进入输入处理模式,根据输入重复该音调,直到输入结束(EOF),最后再播放剩余的音调(如果有)。 +- 如果某个选项在命令行中重复出现,后面的选项会覆盖前面的。 + + +## 环境变量 +| 变量名 | 描述 | +|------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------| +| `BEEP_LOG_LEVEL` | 设置日志级别(取值范围 -999 到 999)。若未在命令行使用 `--debug`,则以此值为默认日志级别。 | + + +## 文件 +`beep` 默认依次尝试打开以下设备,直到成功为止: +- `/dev/input/by-path/platform-pcspkr-event-spkr`(使用 evdev API) +- `/dev/tty0`(使用 console API) +- `/dev/vc/0`(使用 console API) + + +## 退出状态 +| 状态码 | 含义 | +|--------|--------------------------| +| 0 | 成功执行 | +| 非0 | 发生错误(如设备无法打开、无效参数等) | + + +## 注意事项 + +### 设备和权限 +- **非 root 用户**:默认情况下,`/dev/tty0` 和 `/dev/vc/0` 需要 root 权限或拥有当前 TTY。推荐使用 evdev 设备 `/dev/input/by-path/platform-pcspkr-event-spkr`,可以通过 udev 规则为该设备设置适当的权限,使普通用户也能使用 `beep`。 +- `beep` **不支持**以 setuid root 或通过 `sudo` 运行。请通过文件权限或 udev 规则授权。 +- 如果命令不能正常执行,请检查 `pcspkr` 模块是否加载。 + +### API 说明 +- **evdev**:使用输入事件设备驱动,通过 `write()` 操作。打开设备耗时约 20ms,因此若要演奏旋律,建议在单个 `beep` 命令中使用多个音调(通过 `-n`),而不是多次调用 `beep`。 +- **console**:使用古老的 `KIOCSOUND ioctl` 接口,仅当用户登录到虚拟控制台(如 `/dev/tty4`)且拥有该终端时才可无 root 使用。对通过 SSH 或图形界面登录的用户不适用。 + +### 并发调用 +`beep` 不支持并发运行。PC 扬声器硬件只有一个发声器,多个 `beep` 进程会相互干扰。例如,一个长蜂鸣进程正在运行时,另一个短蜂鸣进程会中断前者,且前者之后会静默关闭扬声器,导致预期外的静音。 + +### 音量控制 +- 独立 PC 通常使用压电蜂鸣器,其音量与频率相关,接近共振频率(约 2000 Hz)时最响。可尝试 2050 Hz 左右获得最大音量。 +- 笔记本电脑可能将 PC 扬声器输出路由到内置扬声器,此时可通过声卡混音器调节"Beeper"或"PC Speaker"通道的音量。 + +### 频率参考表 +以下是音乐音符与频率的对应关系。 + +| 音符 | 八度 3 | 八度 4 | 八度 5 | 八度 6 | +|------|--------|--------|--------|--------| +| C | 131 | 262 | 523 | 1047 | +| C# | 139 | 277 | 554 | 1109 | +| D | 147 | 294 | 587 | 1175 | +| D# | 156 | 311 | 622 | 1245 | +| E | 165 | 330 | 659 | 1319 | +| F | 175 | 349 | 698 | 1397 | +| F# | 185 | 370 | 740 | 1480 | +| G | 196 | 392 | 784 | 1568 | +| G# | 208 | 415 | 831 | 1661 | +| A | 220 | 440 | 880 | 1760 | +| A# | 233 | 466 | 932 | 1865 | +| B | 247 | 494 | 988 | 1976 | +| C | 262 | 523 | 1047 | 2093 | + + +## 实例 + +### 1. 简单蜂鸣 +```bash +beep +``` +发出默认蜂鸣(440 Hz,200 ms)。 + +### 2. 指定频率和时长 +```bash +beep -f 800 -l 500 +``` +发出 800 Hz 的蜂鸣,持续 500 毫秒。 + +### 3. 重复蜂鸣 +```bash +beep -f 600 -l 100 -r 3 -d 50 +``` +重复 3 次,每次 100 毫秒,间隔 50 毫秒,最后一次后无延迟。 + +```bash +beep -f 600 -l 100 -r 3 -D 50 +``` +重复 3 次,每次 100 毫秒,间隔 50 毫秒,且最后一次后也有 50 毫秒延迟。 + +### 4. 两个不同音调 +```bash +beep -f 400 -l 200 -n -f 800 -l 200 +``` +先发 400 Hz 音(200 ms),紧接着发 800 Hz 音(200 ms),音调间无额外延迟。 + +### 5. 音调间加入延迟(通过前一个音调的 -D) +```bash +beep -f 400 -l 200 -D 100 -n -f 800 -l 200 +``` +先发 400 Hz 音,然后延迟 100 ms(因为 -D 使该音调最后附加了延迟),再发 800 Hz 音。 + +### 6. 每次换行蜂鸣 +```bash +tail -f /var/log/syslog | beep -s +``` +每当日志有新行写入,就发出当前定义的音调(默认 440 Hz)。 + +### 7. 每输入一个字符蜂鸣(打字机效果) +```bash +cat /dev/stdin | beep -c +``` +在终端输入字符,每按一个键(包括回车)就会蜂鸣一次,输入内容同时显示。 + +### 8. 使用自定义设备 +```bash +beep -e /dev/input/by-path/platform-pcspkr-event-spkr -f 1000 +``` +通过指定 evdev 设备发出 1000 Hz 蜂鸣。 + +### 9. 复杂序列:先奏一段音调,然后根据输入重复某个音调,最后收尾 +```bash +beep -f 523 -l 200 -n -f 659 -l 200 -n -f 784 -l 200 -n -s -f 440 -l 100 -r 3 -n -f 523 -l 400 +``` +先播放 C5(523 Hz)、E5(659 Hz)、G5(784 Hz)各 200 ms(音调间无延迟);然后进入输入处理模式,每遇到一个换行符就播放 A4(440 Hz)三次(每次 100 ms,间隔默认 100 ms);输入结束后(Ctrl+D),最后播放一个长的 C5(523 Hz,400 ms)。 + + +## 相关文档 +更详细的信息可以参考`man`: +```bash +man beep +``` diff --git a/command/chown.md b/command/chown.md index 221f9f6ae36..bbb4089ed6c 100644 --- a/command/chown.md +++ b/command/chown.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ chown(选项)(参数) -f或--quite或——silent:不显示错误信息; -h或--no-dereference:只对符号连接的文件作修改,而不更改其他任何相关文件; -R或——recursive:递归处理,将指定目录下的所有文件及子目录一并处理; --v或——version:显示指令执行过程; +-v或——verbose:显示指令执行过程; --dereference:效果和"-h"参数相同; --help:在线帮助; --reference=<参考文件或目录>:把指定文件或目录的拥有者与所属群组全部设成和参考文件或目录的拥有者与所属群组相同; diff --git a/command/column.md b/command/column.md index 62e30329471..c93c184692b 100644 --- a/command/column.md +++ b/command/column.md @@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ file(可选),当没有指定文件时,默认会从标准输入读取, -s, --separator 指定识别表格的分隔符 -o, --output-separator 输出表格的列分隔符,默认为两个空格 -x, --fillrows 在列之前填充行 +-N, --table-columns 添加列名(逗号分隔) +-J --json 格式化为JSON输出(需要配合-N/--table-columns使用) -h, --help 显示此帮助 -V, --version 输出版本信息 ``` @@ -121,3 +123,54 @@ MemReq Metal3 pin 108.215 159.92 RdWrBar Metal3 pin 87.415 159.92 clock Metal3 pin 74.935 159.92 ``` + +- 添加列名并以JSON格式输出 + +```shell +$ column -J -s ":" -N "Username,Password,UID,GID,Gecos,HomeDirectory,Shell" /etc/passwd +{ + "table": [ + { + "username": "root", + "password": "x", + "uid": "0", + "gid": "0", + "gecos": "root", + "homedirectory": "/root", + "shell": "/bin/bash" + },{ + "username": "daemon", + "password": "x", + "uid": "1", + "gid": "1", + "gecos": "daemon", + "homedirectory": "/usr/sbin", + "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin" + },{ + "username": "bin", + "password": "x", + "uid": "2", + "gid": "2", + "gecos": "bin", + "homedirectory": "/bin", + "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin" + },{ + "username": "sys", + "password": "x", + "uid": "3", + "gid": "3", + "gecos": "sys", + "homedirectory": "/dev", + "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin" + },{ + "username": "sync", + "password": "x", + "uid": "4", + "gid": "65534", + "gecos": "sync", + "homedirectory": "/bin", + "shell": "/bin/sync" + } + ] +} +``` diff --git a/command/free.md b/command/free.md index 7559c114305..11e927b395b 100644 --- a/command/free.md +++ b/command/free.md @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ free(选项) -s<间隔秒数> # 持续观察内存使用状况; -t # 显示内存总和列; -V # 显示版本信息。 +-h, --human # 自动缩放到最短三位单位的并打印输出 ``` ### 实例 diff --git a/command/ftpcount.md b/command/ftpcount.md index 839445fa9fc..e15dd12d925 100644 --- a/command/ftpcount.md +++ b/command/ftpcount.md @@ -5,12 +5,66 @@ ftpcount ## 补充说明 -显示目前已ftp登入的用户人数。执行这项指令可得知目前用FTP登入系统的人数以及FTP登入人数的上限。 +**ftpcount命令** 用于显示目前已FTP登入的用户人数。执行这项指令可得知目前用FTP登入系统的人数以及FTP登入人数的上限。 -语法: +ftpcount命令通过读取/var/run/ftpd.counts文件来获取当前FTP连接的统计信息。该文件由vsftpd或其他FTP服务器进程维护,记录了当前每个用户的FTP连接数。 + +### 概要 + +```shell +ftpcount [选项] +``` + +### 选项 + +```shell +--help 显示帮助信息并退出。 +--version 显示版本信息并退出。 +-v 详细模式,显示更多连接详情。 +``` + +### 参数 + +ftpcount命令不接受文件参数,执行后自动读取FTP计数器文件并输出统计信息。 + +### 实例 ```shell +# 查看当前FTP登录用户数和连接上限 ftpcount +# 输出示例: +# Users Logged in (limit 25) +# 2 logged in + +# 查看FTP计数器文件内容 +cat /var/run/ftpd.counts + +# 查看当前FTP连接详情 +netstat -an | grep :21 + +# 查看vsftpd进程状态 +systemctl status vsftpd + +# 查看当前所有FTP用户的连接 +who | grep ftp + +# 查看FTP服务器的最大连接数配置 +grep max_clients /etc/vsftpd.conf ``` +### 相关命令 + +- vsftpd -- 非常安全的FTP守护进程 +- proftpd -- 功能强大的FTP服务器 +- pure-ftpd -- 注重安全和简单性的FTP服务器 +- who -- 查看当前登录的用户 +- netstat -- 显示网络连接状态 +- lsof -- 列出打开的文件和网络连接 + +### 注意 +1. ftpcount命令的输出依赖于FTP服务器(如vsftpd)正在运行并创建了ftpd.counts文件。 +2. 如果FTP服务器未运行或配置文件不同,ftpd.counts文件可能不存在或位置不同。 +3. 在某些系统中,FTP计数器文件可能位于/var/run/vsftpd/ftpd.counts。 +4. 如果当前没有FTP用户登录,ftpcount可能显示"No FTP users"。 +5. FTP协议本身不安全,建议使用SFTP(SSH文件传输协议)替代。 diff --git a/command/gcc.md b/command/gcc.md index fac6b762c62..b5310619f76 100644 --- a/command/gcc.md +++ b/command/gcc.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -gcc +pullgcc === 基于C/C++的编译器 diff --git a/command/getcap.md b/command/getcap.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f57f464b57 --- /dev/null +++ b/command/getcap.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +getcap +=== + +显示文件的能力(capabilities) + +## 补充说明 + +**getcap命令** 用于查看文件的能力(capabilities)。在 Linux 中,文件的能力是一种权限控制机制,可以赋予普通文件特定的特权操作,而无需完全的 root 权限。 + +### 语法 + +```shell +getcap [选项] [文件名...] +``` + +### 选项 + +```shell +-v # 显示详细信息,通常与其他选项一起使用。 +-p # 显示进程的能力。 +``` + +### 参数 + +文件名:指定要查看能力的文件路径。 + +### 实例 + +查看一个可执行文件的能力: + +```shell +$ getcap /usr/bin/ping +/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep +``` + +查看当前目录下所有文件的能力: + +```shell +$ getcap * +/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep +``` + +如果文件没有设置任何能力,getcap 不会返回任何输出。 + +查看进程的能力(以 PID 为例): + +```shell +$ getcap -p 1234 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/getfacl.md b/command/getfacl.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fbfb5271ee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/command/getfacl.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +getfacl +=== + +获取文件访问控制列表(access control lists) + +## 补充说明 + +对于每个文件,`getfacl`都会显示文件名、所有者、组和访问控制列表 (ACL)。如果目录有默认ACL,`getfacl` 也会显示默认ACL。非目录不能有默认ACL。 +如果在不支持 ACL 的文件系统上使用`getfacl`,`getfacl`会显示由传统文件模式权限位定义的访问权限。请参考`setfacl`。 + +### 选项 + +```shell +-a, --access # 显示文件访问控制列表。 +-d, --default # 显示默认访问控制列表。 +-c, --omit-header # 不显示注释头(每个文件输出的前三行)。 +-e, --all-effective # 打印所有有效权限注释,即使与 ACL 条目定义的权限相同。 +-E, --no-effective # 不打印有效权限注释。 +-s, --skip-base # 跳过只有基本 ACL 条目(所有者、组、其他)的文件。 +-R, --recursive # 递归列出所有文件和目录的 ACL。 +-L, --logical # 逻辑路径,跟踪目录的符号链接。默认行为是跟踪符号链接参数,跳过子目录中遇到的符号链接。仅与 -R 结合使用时有效。 +-P, --physical # 物理路径,不跟踪指向目录的符号链接。这也会跳过符号链接参数。 仅与 -R 结合使用时有效。 +-t, --tabular # 使用另一种表格输出格式。同时显示 ACL 和默认 ACL。因 ACL 屏蔽条目而无效的权限会以大写。ACL_USER_OBJ 和 ACL_GROUP_OBJ 条目的条目标签名称也以大写字母显示,这有助于识别这些条目。 +-p, --absolute-names # 不删除前导斜线字符 (`/')。默认行为是去掉前导斜线字符。 +-n, --numeric # 列出数字用户和组 ID。 +-v, --version # 打印 getfacl 的版本并退出。 +-h, --help # 打印命令行选项的帮助说明。 +-- # 命令行选项结束。所有剩余参数都被解释为文件名,即使它们以破折号字符开头。 +- # 如果文件名参数是单破折号字符,getfacl 将从标准输入读取文件列表。 +``` + +### 实例 + +getfacl 命令默认显示文件访问控制列表。打开终端,并输入以下命令: + +```shell +getfacl tmp + +# file: tmp +# owner: zdx +# group: zdx +# flags: -s- +user::rwx +group::rwx +other::r-x +default:user::rwx +default:group::rwx +default:other::r-x +``` diff --git a/command/git.md b/command/git.md index 2c7ea45b20a..7295ee20e29 100644 --- a/command/git.md +++ b/command/git.md @@ -63,25 +63,35 @@ tag 创建,列出,删除或验证使用GPG签名的标签对象 init -`git init` #初始化 +```shell +git init # 初始化 +``` status -`git status` #获取状态 +```shell +git status # 获取状态 +``` add -`git add file` # .或*代表全部添加 -`git rm --cached ` # 在commit之前撤销git add操作 -`git reset head` # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便 +```shell +git add file # .或*代表全部添加 +git rm --cached # 在commit之前撤销git add操作 +git reset head # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便 +``` commit -`git commit -m "message"` #此处注意乱码 +```shell +git commit -m "message" # 此处注意乱码 +``` remote -`git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git` #添加源 +```shell +git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git # 添加源 +``` push @@ -93,9 +103,11 @@ git push -f origin master # 强制推送文件,缩写 -f(全写--force) clone -`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git` -`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro` #克隆到自定义文件夹 -`git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/` #SSH协议还有另一种写法。 +```shell +git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git +git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro # 克隆到自定义文件夹 +git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/ # SSH协议还有另一种写法。 +``` git clone支持多种协议,除了HTTP(s)以外,还支持SSH、Git、本地文件协议等,下面是一些例子。`git clone <版本库的网址> <本地目录名>` @@ -156,7 +168,9 @@ ssh -T git@github.com # 测试是否成功 **3.修改config文件** -`vim ~/.ssh/config` #修改config文件,如果没有创建 `config` +```shell +vim ~/.ssh/config # 修改config文件,如果没有创建 `config` +``` ```shell Host jslite.github.com @@ -269,7 +283,9 @@ usage: git remote set-url [--push] [] or: git remote set-url --delete ``` -`git remote set-url --delete origin https://oschina.net/wang/JSLite.js.git` +```shell +git remote set-url --delete origin https://oschina.net/wang/JSLite.js.git +``` **3.推送代码** @@ -634,25 +650,35 @@ git config --global core.quotepath false ### init -`git init` #初始化 +```shell +git init # 初始化 +``` ### status -`git status` #获取状态 +```shell +git status # 获取状态 +``` ### add -`git add file` # .或*代表全部添加 -`git rm --cached ` # 在commit之前撤销git add操作 -`git reset head` # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便 +```shell +git add file # .或*代表全部添加 +git rm --cached # 在commit之前撤销git add操作 +git reset head # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便 +``` ### commit -`git commit -m "message"` #此处注意乱码 +```shell +git commit -m "message" # 此处注意乱码 +``` ### remote -`git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git` #添加源 +```shell +git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git # 添加源 +``` ### push @@ -664,9 +690,11 @@ git push -f origin master # 强制推送文件,缩写 -f(全写--force) ## clone -`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git` -`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro` #克隆到自定义文件夹 -`git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/` #SSH协议还有另一种写法。 +```shell +git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git +git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro # 克隆到自定义文件夹 +git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/ # SSH协议还有另一种写法。 +``` git clone支持多种协议,除了HTTP(s)以外,还支持SSH、Git、本地文件协议等,下面是一些例子。`git clone <版本库的网址> <本地目录名>` @@ -817,7 +845,9 @@ git push -u origin branchName # 提交分支到远程origin主机中 ### 拉取 -`git fetch -p` #拉取远程分支时,自动清理 远程分支已删除,本地还存在的对应同名分支。 +```shell +git fetch -p # 拉取远程分支时,自动清理 远程分支已删除,本地还存在的对应同名分支。 +``` ### 分支合并 @@ -830,7 +860,9 @@ git merge test # 将test分支合并到当前分支 ### 重命名 -`git branch -m old new` #重命名分支 +```shell +git branch -m old new # 重命名分支 +``` ### 查看 diff --git a/command/groupdel.md b/command/groupdel.md index 1c58b8fad7f..8070a4860a6 100644 --- a/command/groupdel.md +++ b/command/groupdel.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ groupdel ## 补充说明 -**groupdel命令** 用于删除指定的工作组,本命令要修改的系统文件包括/ect/group和/ect/gshadow。若该群组中仍包括某些用户,则必须先删除这些用户后,方能删除群组。 +**groupdel命令** 用于删除指定的工作组,本命令要修改的系统文件包括/ect/group和/ect/gshadow。若该群组是某些用户的主组,则必须先删除这些用户或改变其主组后,才能删除该群组;如果该群组仅为某些用户的附加组,则可以直接删除,这些用户中的该组信息也会被删除。 ### 语法 diff --git a/command/groupmod.md b/command/groupmod.md index 2c30da4397d..58df9d6b1ee 100644 --- a/command/groupmod.md +++ b/command/groupmod.md @@ -1,28 +1,88 @@ groupmod === -更改群组识别码或名称 +修改系统上的组定义 ## 补充说明 -**groupmod命令** 更改群组识别码或名称。需要更改群组的识别码或名称时,可用groupmod指令来完成这项工作。 +**groupmod命令** 通过修改组数据库( /etc/group 与 /etc/gshadow )的相应条目来更改指定组的定义,例如GID,组成员,组名称,组密码等。 ### 语法 ```shell -groupmod(选项)(参数) +groupmod (选项) (参数) ``` ### 选项 ```shell --g<群组识别码>:设置欲使用的群组识别码; --o:重复使用群组识别码; --n<新群组名称>:设置欲使用的群组名称。 +-a, --append: 与 -U 选项配合使用,将指定用户追加到现有成员列表,而不是采用默认的覆盖方式。 +-g, --gid GID: 将组修改为指定值,必须是非负整数且唯一(除非同时使用 -o 选项),以该组为主要组的成员会自动更新以保持该组。 +-n, --new-name 新组名称: 设置要修改为的组名称。 +-o: 可以设置重复的gid; +-p, --password 密码: 设置组密码(也可以直接修改 /etc/gshadow 文件),密码必须是 crypt 加密后的密文,用于配合 newgrp 命令让非组成员临时切换到该组,但该机制在现代系统中已不推荐使用。 +-U, --users user1,user2...: 以逗号分隔的用户列表,将组成员覆盖为该列表;若同时指定 -a 选项,则改为追加到现有成员列表中。 ``` ### 参数 -组名:指定要修改的工作的组名。 +组名:指定要修改的组。 +### 实例 +修改 group1 的GID + +```shell +groupmod -g 1003 group1 +``` + +修改 group2 的GID为重复的gid 1003 + +``` shell +groupmod -g 1003 -o group2 +``` + +修改 group2 名称为 group3 + +```shell +groupmod -n group3 group2 +``` + +覆盖 group3 的组成员为 user1 + +```shell +groupmod -U user1 group3 +``` + +追加 user2 user3 到 group3 + +```shell +groupmod -a -U user2,user3 group3 +``` + +### 说明 + +部分系统(如 Ubuntu 22.04)上的`groupmod`命令可能不支持 -a 和 -U 选项,可以使用`gpasswd`命令代替。 + +```shell +groupmod -U user1,user2 groupname +``` + +等价于 + +```shell +gpasswd -M "" groupname +gpasswd -M user1,user2 groupname +``` + +```shell +groupmod -a -U user1,user2,user3 groupname +``` + +等价于 + +```shell +gpasswd -a user1 groupname +gpasswd -a user2 groupname +gpasswd -a user3 groupname +``` diff --git a/command/iostat.md b/command/iostat.md index 2c41ac779a5..b90088c5248 100644 --- a/command/iostat.md +++ b/command/iostat.md @@ -1,7 +1,12 @@ iostat === -iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况,同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样,iostat也有一个弱点,就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析,仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。 +监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况 + +## 补充说明 + +**iostat命令** 被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况,同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样,iostat也有一个弱点,就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析,仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。 + iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况:CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。 ## 安装 iostat diff --git a/command/journalctl.md b/command/journalctl.md index e87fcb51040..2c9b8510a49 100644 --- a/command/journalctl.md +++ b/command/journalctl.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ journalctl === -检索 systemd 日志,是 CentOS 7 才有的工具。 +检索 systemd 日志,只要使用 systemd 的 Linux 发行版(如 Fedora、Ubuntu Modern、Debian、SUSE、Arch),几乎都会配备 journalctl。 ### 语法 diff --git a/command/kernelversion.md b/command/kernelversion.md index 2e5fc0b4dae..2d2225127ad 100644 --- a/command/kernelversion.md +++ b/command/kernelversion.md @@ -5,12 +5,60 @@ kernelversion ## 补充说明 -**kernelversion命令** 用于打印当前内核的主版本号。 +**kernelversion命令** 用于打印当前Linux内核的主版本号。它是debianutils包的一部分,主要用于脚本中判断内核版本是否满足某些条件。 -### 语法 +kernelversion命令输出的版本号格式为主版本号.次版本号,例如5.10、4.19等。它提取的是 /proc/version 或 uname -r 中的内核版本信息的前两部分。 + +### 概要 ```shell kernelversion ``` +### 选项 + +```shell +--help 显示帮助信息并退出。 +--version 显示版本信息并退出。 +``` + +### 参数 + +kernelversion命令不接受任何参数,执行后即输出当前内核的主版本号。 + +### 实例 + +```shell +# 查看当前内核主版本号 +kernelversion +# 输出示例: 5.10 + +# 在脚本中判断内核版本 +ver=$(kernelversion) +if [ "$ver" \< "4.0" ]; then + echo "内核版本过低,需要升级" +else + echo "内核版本符合要求" +fi + +# 结合uname命令查看更详细的版本信息 +uname -r +# 输出示例: 5.10.0-xxx-amd64 + +# 查看所有内核版本信息 +uname -a +# 输出示例: Linux hostname 5.10.0-xxx-amd64 #1 SMP x86_64 GNU/Linux +``` + +### 相关命令 + +- uname -- 显示系统信息 +- lsb_release -- 显示Linux发行版信息 +- /proc/version -- 查看内核版本信息文件 + +### 注意 +1. kernelversion命令仅在安装了debianutils包的Debian/Ubuntu系统上可用。 +2. 它输出的只是主版本号(如5.10),不包含修订号和发行信息。如需完整版本号,请使用uname -r。 +3. kernelversion的比较需要注意字符串比较和数值比较的区别,建议在脚本中使用dpkg --compare-versions进行版本比较。 +4. 该命令在RHEL/CentOS等其他发行版中可能不可用,可使用uname -r作为替代方案。 diff --git a/command/l2ping.md b/command/l2ping.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3e12d141dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/command/l2ping.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +l2ping +=== + +收发 L2CAP 回显请求,用于检查与目标蓝牙设备的连通性。 + +## 补充说明 + +**l2ping** 命令用于通过发送 L2CAP 回显请求(Echo Request)并接收回显响应(Echo Response),来测试与目标蓝牙设备(由给定的蓝牙 MAC 地址指定)的底层连通性。它类似于网络中常用作检查 IP 连通性的 `ping` 命令,但它是专门针对蓝牙 L2CAP 协议设计的。 + +通常在通过蓝牙连接设备(如蓝牙键盘、鼠标、耳机或手机等)之前,可以使用此命令诊断物理和数据链路层面的连接情况。 + +## 安装 + +`l2ping` 不是 Linux 的内置命令,它通常包含在官方的官方蓝牙协议栈软件包 **BlueZ** 中。如果系统中未安装该命令,可以通过以下方式安装: + +```bash +# Ubuntu/Debian 系统 +sudo apt update +sudo apt install bluez + +# CentOS/RHEL/Fedora 系统 +sudo dnf install bluez +# 或早期版本 +sudo yum install bluez +``` + +## 语法 + +```bash +l2ping [选项] +``` + +*注:`bd_addr` 为目标设备的蓝牙 MAC 地址,例如 `00:11:22:33:44:55`。* + +## 选项 + +```bash +-i # 指定要使用的本机宿主控制器接口(HCI设备),默认通常为 hci0 +-s # 指定发送的测试请求数据包(payload)的大小,默认为 44 字节 +-c # 设置发送响应请求的总次数(ping的个数) +-t # 设置超时时间(秒) +-d # 设置连续 ping 之间的等待延迟时间(秒) +-f # 泛洪(Flood)ping,尽可能快地发送数据包而不需要等待对方响应后再发 +-r # 反向(Reverse)ping,监听并等待目标设备发送过来的请求,然后进行回复 +-v # 验证响应数据的 payload 是否与发送的数据相匹配 +``` + +## 实例 + +测试与特定蓝牙外设(MAC地址为 `00:11:22:33:44:55`)的连接: + +```bash +l2ping 00:11:22:33:44:55 +``` + +在测试中明确指定使用本机的 `hci0` 蓝牙适配器: + +```bash +l2ping -i hci0 00:11:22:33:44:55 +``` + +指定发送 5 个测速包后自动停止: + +```bash +l2ping -c 5 00:11:22:33:44:55 +``` + +自定义发送包的数据大小(例如 128 字节): + +```bash +l2ping -s 128 00:11:22:33:44:55 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/logout.md b/command/logout.md index 56d97325dd7..2537374df58 100644 --- a/command/logout.md +++ b/command/logout.md @@ -5,12 +5,63 @@ logout ## 补充说明 -**logout命令** 用于退出当前登录的Shell,logout指令让用户退出系统,其功能和login指令相互对应。 +**logout命令** 用于退出当前登录的Shell。logout指令让用户退出系统,其功能和login指令相互对应。 -### 语法 +logout命令通常用于shell脚本中,表示正常结束当前的shell会话。在非交互式shell(如脚本)中,logout等同于exit命令。在交互式shell中,logout也可以用来退出登录会话。 -```shell +需要注意的是,logout是一个shell内建命令,不是独立的可执行程序,因此无法通过which或whereis找到它。 + +### 概要 + +`shell +logout [status] +` + +### 选项 + +`shell +--help 显示帮助信息并退出。 +--version 显示版本信息并退出。 +` + +### 参数 + +`shell +status 可选的退出状态码。如果不指定,默认返回上一个命令的退出状态。 +` + +### 实例 + +`shell +# 在shell脚本中退出 +#!/bin/bash +echo "正在执行任务..." +# 执行某些操作 +if [ ! -f "/tmp/test.txt" ]; then + echo "文件不存在,退出脚本" + logout 1 +fi +echo "任务完成" + +# 在交互式shell中退出当前会话 logout -``` +# 指定退出状态码 +logout 0 # 正常退出 +logout 1 # 异常退出 +` + +### 相关命令 + +- xit — 退出当前shell,功能与logout类似 +- login — 登录到系统 +- shutdown — 关闭系统 +- eboot — 重启系统 + +### 注意 +1. logout是bash等shell的内建命令,不是独立的可执行程序。 +2. 在交互式登录shell中,logout的效果等同于exit。 +3. 在shell脚本中,logout和exit的行为基本一致,都会终止脚本执行。 +4. 如果想退出远程SSH会话,logout和exit都可以使用,也可以使用快捷键Ctrl+D。 +5. logout命令不会关闭终端窗口本身,只会退出当前的shell会话。如果打开了嵌套的shell,可能需要多次执行logout才能完全退出。 diff --git a/command/losetup.md b/command/losetup.md index 237436c97df..bedaea698b2 100644 --- a/command/losetup.md +++ b/command/losetup.md @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ losetup [ -d ] loop_device dd if=/dev/zero of=floppy.img bs=512 count=2880 ``` -使用 losetup将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成快设备: +使用 losetup 将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成块设备: ```shell losetup /dev/loop1 floppy.img @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ losetup /dev/loop1 floppy.img mount /dev/loop0 /tmp ``` -经过上面的三步之后,我们就可以通过/tmp目录,像访问真实快设备一样来访问磁盘镜像文件floppy.img。 +经过上面的三步之后,我们就可以通过/tmp目录,像访问真实块设备一样来访问磁盘镜像文件floppy.img。 卸载loop设备: diff --git a/command/bmodinfo.md b/command/modinfo.md similarity index 90% rename from command/bmodinfo.md rename to command/modinfo.md index dd59ab7b999..ae0ab2e1ea5 100644 --- a/command/bmodinfo.md +++ b/command/modinfo.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -bmodinfo +modinfo === 显示给定模块的详细信息 ## 补充说明 -**bmodinfo命令** 用于显示给定模块的详细信息。 +**modinfo命令** 用于显示给定模块的详细信息。 ### 语法 ```shell -bmodinfo(选项)(参数) +modinfo(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 diff --git a/command/named-checkzone.md b/command/named-checkzone.md index ee0e9a53df8..fae559de49d 100644 --- a/command/named-checkzone.md +++ b/command/named-checkzone.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ named-checkzone === -使用named-checkzone命令可以进行区域文件有效性检查和转换,必须指定区域名称和区域文件名称 +使用 named-checkzone 可验证并转换区域文件,需指定区域名和文件名。 ## 补充说明 diff --git a/command/ncdu.md b/command/ncdu.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ee1bfc22680 --- /dev/null +++ b/command/ncdu.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +ncdu +=== + +磁盘使用情况的交互式查看工具,可视为 du 的增强版本 + +## 补充说明 + +**ncdu**(**NC**urses **D**isk **U**sage)是 Unix 系统上一款基于 ncurses 的磁盘占用分析工具,可视为传统 `du` 命令的增强版本。 +与 `du` 输出静态文本不同,**ncdu 提供交互式 TUI 界面**,可通过方向键浏览目录树,并支持排序、查看文件信息、直接删除文件等功能。 +它非常适合用于快速定位大文件、分析磁盘空间占用以及磁盘清理。1.09+ 版本支持将扫描结果导出为 JSON。 + +官网 + +* 官方网站(作者主页):[https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu](https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu) +* Wikipedia:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ncdu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ncdu) + +### ncdu 安装 + +在大多数的 Linux 发行版中你同样不会看到 **ncdu** 被默认预装,但作为最常用的磁盘分析工具之一,它几乎在所有主流发行版的官方仓库中都可以直接安装。 + +不同系统的安装方式如下: + +#### **Debian/Ubuntu** + +```shell +sudo apt install ncdu +``` + +#### **CentOS / Rocky / AlmaLinux** + +```shell +sudo yum install epel-release +sudo yum install ncdu +``` + +#### **Fedora** + +```shell +sudo dnf install ncdu +``` + +#### **Arch Linux** + +```shell +sudo pacman -S ncdu +``` + +#### **macOS(Homebrew)** + +```shell +brew install ncdu +``` + +#### **FreeBSD** + +```shell +pkg install ncdu +``` + +### 语法 + +```shell +ncdu [选项] [目录] +``` + +### 选项 + +```shell +-h, --help 显示帮助信息。 +-v, --version 显示版本号。 +-x 限制扫描在单一文件系统中(不跨挂载点)。 +-q 减少屏幕刷新次数(适合远程 SSH)。 +-o FILE 将扫描结果导出为 FILE(JSON 格式,需 1.09+)。 +-f FILE 从 JSON 文件加载扫描结果(需 1.09+)。 +--exclude PATTERN 排除符合模式的文件或目录。 +--exclude-from FILE 从文件读取排除模式。 +--follow-symlinks 跟随符号链接。 +--confirm-deletion 删除文件时要求确认。 +``` + +### 交互说明 + +↑, ↓, →, ← 代表键盘方向键 + +| 按键 | 功能 | +| ------------- | ------------------------------- | +| ↑ / k | 上移光标 | +| / j | 下移光标 | +| → / Enter / l | 打开当前目录 | +| ← / h | 返回父目录 | +| n | 按名称排序(再次按切换升/降序) | +| s | 按大小排序(再次按切换升/降序) | +| d | 删除选中项 | +| g | 显示百分比/图表 | +| t | 排序时切换"目录优先" | +| c | 显示或隐藏子项数量 | +| b | 在当前目录打开 shell | +| i | 查看选中文件/目录的详细信息 | +| r | 刷新/重新扫描当前目录 | +| q | 退出 ncdu | + +### 实例 + +#### 扫描当前目录 + +```shell +ncdu +``` + +#### 扫描指定目录(示例:/var/log) + +```shell +ncdu /var/log +``` + +#### 导出扫描结果为 JSON(1.09+) + +```shell +ncdu -o result.json / +``` + +#### 从 JSON 文件加载结果 + +```shell +ncdu -f result.json +``` diff --git a/command/nmap.md b/command/nmap.md index 8063525d0eb..62f5802de2b 100644 --- a/command/nmap.md +++ b/command/nmap.md @@ -54,20 +54,29 @@ ip地址:指定待扫描报文中的TCP地址。 yum install nmap ``` - **使用nmap扫描www.jsdig.com的开放端口** + **使用nmap扫描scanme.nmap.org的开放端口** ```shell -[root@localhost ~]# nmap www.jsdig.com - -Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013年12月28日 00:06 CST -Interesting ports on 100-42-212-8.static.webnx.com (100.42.212.8): -Not shown: 1678 filtered ports -PORT STATE service -22/tcp open ssh -80/tcp open http - -Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 45.870 seconds +[root@localhost ~]# nmap scanme.nmap.org + +Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2025年08月06日 15:22 CST +Nmap scan report for scanme.nmap.org (45.33.32.156) +Host is up (0.37s latency). +Not shown: 991 closed tcp ports (reset) +PORT STATE SERVICE +22/tcp open ssh +80/tcp open http +135/tcp filtered msrpc +139/tcp filtered netbios-ssn +445/tcp filtered microsoft-ds +593/tcp filtered http-rpc-epmap +4444/tcp filtered krb524 +9929/tcp open nping-echo +31337/tcp open Elite + +Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 60.36 seconds ``` + diff --git a/command/nmtui.md b/command/nmtui.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7b0bd5fabda --- /dev/null +++ b/command/nmtui.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +nmtui +=== + +基于文本的用户界面(TUI),用于控制和配置 NetworkManager。 + +## 补充说明 + +**nmtui** 是一款基于 curses 库的文本用户界面工具,全称为 NetworkManager Text User Interface。它是 `nmcli` 的图形化替代方案(在没有桌面环境的终端中运行),可以让用户通过键盘的上下左右方向键、回车键等非常直观、方便地对 Linux 网络连接进行配置和管理。 + +使用 `nmtui`,你可以轻松地添加、修改、激活(连接)或停用网络连接,以及设置系统的主机名等。 + +## 安装 + +需要注意的是,`nmtui` 并非所有 Linux 发行版的内置默认命令。它包含在 NetworkManager 包中。在 Fedora/RHEL 中通常是默认安装的,但在 Ubuntu/Debian 中可能需要手动安装。 + +```bash +sudo apt install network-manager # Ubuntu/Debian +# 或 +sudo dnf install NetworkManager # Fedora +``` + +## 语法 + +```bash +nmtui +nmtui [子命令] +``` + +直接执行 `nmtui` 将打开主可视化菜单界面。也可以通过子命令直接进入相应的配置界面。 + +### 常用子命令 (快捷方式) + +- `nmtui-edit [connection-name]`:直接打开连接编辑器,用于添加或修改网络连接。 +- `nmtui-connect [connection-name]`:直接打开激活连接界面,可用于迅速连接网络。 +- `nmtui-hostname`:直接打开主机名修改界面。 + +## 实例 + +在终端中启动 nmtui 主界面: + +```bash +nmtui +``` +*执行后会弹出一个类似图形化的文本界面,提供"编辑连接"、"启用连接"和"设置系统主机名"三个主要选项。使用方向键和 Tab 键切换焦点,回车键确认。* + +### 1. 配置静态 IP 地址 (以交互式方式) + +1. 在终端输入 `nmtui`。 +2. 选择 **Edit a connection** (编辑连接) 并按回车。 +3. 选择你要配置的网络接口(如 `eth0` 或 `ens33`),按方向键右键选择 `` (编辑...) 并回车。 +4. 在 IPv4 CONFIGURATION (IPv4 配置) 旁边,将 `` (自动/DHCP) 改为 `` (手动)。 +5. 展开 IPv4 配置选项,输入你的 IP 地址(Address,如 `192.168.1.100/24`),网关(Gateway)以及 DNS 服务器。 +6. 一直向下滚动或者按 Tab 键,选择最底部的 `` (确定) 进行保存。 +7. 返回上一级菜单后退出,此时可能需要重启网络或重新激活连接。 + +### 2. 快速连接 Wi-Fi + +如果你在没有桌面环境(如服务器或树莓派等)下想要连接 Wi-Fi,`nmtui` 是一个极佳的选择: + +1. 在终端中直接输入快捷命令: +```bash +nmtui-connect +``` +2. 界面会列出当前扫描到的所有 Wi-Fi 列表。 +3. 选择你需要连接的 Wi-Fi 名称(SSID),按回车。 +4. 如果该 Wi-Fi 有密码,会弹出一个输入框提示输入密码。输入后确认即可连接。 + +### 3. 修改系统主机名 + +你可以跳过主菜单,直接进入主机名修改界面: + +```bash +nmtui-hostname +``` +输入新的主机名并选择 `` (确定) 即可。由于主机名服务是被 systemd(hostnamed)接管的,修改后即可马上反映在系统中。需要注意如果你当前就在终端里,需要重新打开终端才能看到 prompt 里的主机名发生变化。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/nohup.md b/command/nohup.md index 6a60c8f9a39..e0ee09d8efb 100644 --- a/command/nohup.md +++ b/command/nohup.md @@ -9,23 +9,24 @@ nohup 无论是否将 nohup 命令的输出重定向到终端,输出都将附加到当前目录的 nohup.out 文件中。如果当前目录的 nohup.out 文件不可写,输出重定向到`$HOME/nohup.out`文件中。如果没有文件能创建或打开以用于追加,那么 command 参数指定的命令不可调用。如果标准错误是一个终端,那么把指定的命令写给标准错误的所有输出作为标准输出重定向到相同的文件描述符。 -### 语法 +### 语法 +```shell nohup(选项)(参数) +``` -### 选项 +### 选项 ```shell --help:在线帮助; --version:显示版本信息。 ``` -### 参数 +### 参数 程序及选项:要运行的程序及选项。 -### 实例 - +### 实例 使用nohup命令提交作业,如果使用nohup命令提交作业,那么在缺省情况下该作业的所有输出都被重定向到一个名为nohup.out的文件中,除非另外指定了输出文件: @@ -47,4 +48,38 @@ nohup wget site.com/file.zip nohup ping -c 10 baidu.com ``` +最简单的后台运行 + +```shell +nohup command & +``` + +输出默认重定向到当前目录下 nohup.out 文件 + +```shell +nohup python main.py & +``` + +自定义输出文件(标准输出和错误输出合并到 main.log) + +```shell +nohup python main.py>> main.log 2>&1 & +``` + +与上一个例子相同作用的简写方法 + +```shell +nohup python main.py &> main.log & +``` + +不记录输出信息 + +```shell +nohup python main.py &> /dev/null & +``` + +不记录输出信息并将程序的进程号写入 pidfile.txt 文件中,方便后续杀死进程 +```shell +nohup python main.py &> /dev/null & echo $!> pidfile.txt +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/nstat.md b/command/nstat.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..45d0c42cd7b --- /dev/null +++ b/command/nstat.md @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +nstat +=== + +nstat 是一个简单的监视内核的 SNMP 计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。 + +## 补充说明 + +大多数命令行用户都熟悉 netstat ,这是 net-tools 软件包中的命令。目前新版本中 net-tools 软件包几乎完全被弃用,取而代之的是 ip 命令套件,而 nstat 属于新软件包。 + +### 语法 + +```s +nstat [OPTION] [ PATTERN [ PATTERN ] ] +``` + +### 选项 + +```shell +-h:显示帮助信息; +-V:显示指令版本信息; +-z:转储零计数器。默认情况下不显示它们; +-r:清零历史统计; +-n:不显示任何内容,仅更新历史; +-a:显示计数器的绝对值; +-d:以守护进程模式运行并收集统计数据 +-s:不更新历史; +-j:JSON格式输出。 +``` + +### 实例 + +直接输入以查询网络接口状态,以下展示了 IPv4,IPv6,TCP,UDP,ICMP 的统计数据: + +```shell +nstat +#kernel +IpInReceives 769152 0.0 +IpInAddrErrors 1 0.0 +IpInDelivers 769146 0.0 +IpOutRequests 764236 0.0 +IpOutDiscards 20 0.0 +IpOutNoRoutes 1 0.0 +IcmpInMsgs 92 0.0 +IcmpInDestUnreachs 92 0.0 +IcmpOutMsgs 94 0.0 +IcmpOutDestUnreachs 94 0.0 +IcmpMsgInType3 92 0.0 +IcmpMsgOutType3 94 0.0 +TcpActiveOpens 1786 0.0 +TcpPassiveOpens 142 0.0 +TcpAttemptFails 11 0.0 +TcpEstabResets 72 0.0 +TcpInSegs 756827 0.0 +TcpOutSegs 802908 0.0 +TcpRetransSegs 767 0.0 +TcpOutRsts 702 0.0 +UdpInDatagrams 12075 0.0 +UdpNoPorts 82 0.0 +UdpOutDatagrams 7045 0.0 +UdpIgnoredMulti 70 0.0 +Ip6InReceives 5005 0.0 +Ip6InDelivers 5005 0.0 +Ip6OutRequests 131 0.0 +Ip6OutDiscards 2 0.0 +Ip6OutNoRoutes 959 0.0 +Ip6InMcastPkts 4999 0.0 +Ip6OutMcastPkts 125 0.0 +Ip6InOctets 797462 0.0 +Ip6OutOctets 16421 0.0 +Ip6InMcastOctets 797030 0.0 +Ip6OutMcastOctets 15949 0.0 +Ip6InNoECTPkts 5005 0.0 +Icmp6InMsgs 3 0.0 +Icmp6OutMsgs 51 0.0 +Icmp6InNeighborAdvertisements 1 0.0 +Icmp6InMLDv2Reports 2 0.0 +Icmp6OutRouterSolicits 11 0.0 +Icmp6OutNeighborSolicits 4 0.0 +Icmp6OutMLDv2Reports 36 0.0 +Icmp6InType136 1 0.0 +Icmp6InType143 2 0.0 +Icmp6OutType133 11 0.0 +Icmp6OutType135 4 0.0 +Icmp6OutType143 36 0.0 +Udp6InDatagrams 4998 0.0 +Udp6OutDatagrams 76 0.0 +TcpExtTW 385 0.0 +TcpExtPAWSEstab 1 0.0 +TcpExtDelayedACKs 37133 0.0 +TcpExtDelayedACKLocked 57 0.0 +TcpExtDelayedACKLost 456 0.0 +TcpExtTCPHPHits 417717 0.0 +TcpExtTCPPureAcks 34186 0.0 +TcpExtTCPHPAcks 222980 0.0 +TcpExtTCPSACKReorder 1 0.0 +TcpExtTCPLossUndo 194 0.0 +TcpExtTCPLostRetransmit 169 0.0 +TcpExtTCPSlowStartRetrans 1 0.0 +TcpExtTCPTimeouts 494 0.0 +TcpExtTCPLossProbes 309 0.0 +TcpExtTCPBacklogCoalesce 571 0.0 +TcpExtTCPDSACKOldSent 281 0.0 +TcpExtTCPDSACKRecv 281 0.0 +TcpExtTCPAbortOnData 13 0.0 +TcpExtTCPAbortOnClose 30 0.0 +TcpExtTCPDSACKIgnoredOld 1 0.0 +TcpExtTCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo 258 0.0 +TcpExtTCPSackShiftFallback 1 0.0 +TcpExtTCPRcvCoalesce 18314 0.0 +TcpExtTCPFastOpenActiveFail 2 0.0 +TcpExtTCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues 11 0.0 +TcpExtTCPAutoCorking 1684 0.0 +TcpExtTCPFromZeroWindowAdv 2 0.0 +TcpExtTCPToZeroWindowAdv 2 0.0 +TcpExtTCPSynRetrans 479 0.0 +TcpExtTCPOrigDataSent 359814 0.0 +TcpExtTCPHystartTrainDetect 13 0.0 +TcpExtTCPHystartTrainCwnd 550 0.0 +TcpExtTCPKeepAlive 18 0.0 +TcpExtTCPDelivered 361695 0.0 +TcpExtTCPZeroWindowDrop 1 0.0 +TcpExtTcpTimeoutRehash 494 0.0 +TcpExtTcpDuplicateDataRehash 2 0.0 +TcpExtTCPDSACKRecvSegs 281 0.0 +IpExtInNoRoutes 3 0.0 +IpExtInMcastPkts 5392 0.0 +IpExtOutMcastPkts 221 0.0 +IpExtInBcastPkts 70 0.0 +IpExtOutBcastPkts 10 0.0 +IpExtInOctets 2100280442 0.0 +IpExtOutOctets 226760631 0.0 +IpExtInMcastOctets 746608 0.0 +IpExtOutMcastOctets 27565 0.0 +IpExtInBcastOctets 5674 0.0 +IpExtOutBcastOctets 778 0.0 +IpExtInNoECTPkts 1885871 0.0 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/pacman.md b/command/pacman.md index 83b953f2954..60ce0307a04 100644 --- a/command/pacman.md +++ b/command/pacman.md @@ -10,15 +10,20 @@ Arch Linux 系统及其衍生系统中默认使用的包管理器 ## 实例 ### 安装软件包 - +官方软件包 ```bash pacman -S p7zip ``` -也可以安装一个软件包组 +非官方软件包(用户制作) +```bash +yay -S package_name1 package_name2 ... +``` + +### 查询软件包 ```bash -pacman -S gnome +pacman -Ss package_name1 package_name2 ... ``` ### 列出所有软件包 diff --git a/command/ping.md b/command/ping.md index 0b387e42c7a..15b7c691e4c 100644 --- a/command/ping.md +++ b/command/ping.md @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ ping (选项) (参数) -t<存活数值>:设置存活数值TTL的大小; -v:详细显示指令的执行过程。 -w<超时秒数>:无论之前发送或接受了多少包,只要超过此秒数,程序退出; +-W<超时秒数>:设置等待每次ICMP回复的超时时间(秒),若超过此时间未收到响应,则认为该包丢失; ``` ### 参数 diff --git a/command/ppp-off.md b/command/ppp-off.md index 15b862ea794..05bc13a1257 100644 --- a/command/ppp-off.md +++ b/command/ppp-off.md @@ -5,12 +5,63 @@ ppp-off ## 补充说明 -这是Slackware发行版内附的程序,让用户切断PPP的网络连线。 +**ppp-off命令** 是Slackware发行版内附的程序,让用户切断PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol,点对点协议)的网络连线。PPP是一种数据链路层协议,用于在两个节点之间建立直接的连接,常用于拨号上网或串行线路通信。 -### 语法 +ppp-off命令会终止所有活跃的PPP连接,释放相关的网络资源和设备。执行后,所有通过PPP建立的连接都会被断开。 + +### 概要 + +```shell +ppp-off [选项] +``` + +### 选项 + +```shell +--help 显示帮助信息并退出。 +--version 显示版本信息并退出。 +-v 详细模式,显示断开连接的详细信息。 +-f 强制断开,即使有活跃的连接也在所不惜。 +``` + +### 参数 + +ppp-off命令不接受文件参数,执行后会自动查找并断开所有活跃的PPP连接。 + +### 实例 ```shell +# 断开所有PPP连接 ppp-off + +# 查看详细断开过程 +ppp-off -v + +# 强制断开PPP连接(即使有数据传输) +ppp-off -f + +# 查看当前PPP连接状态 +cat /proc/net/ppp + +# 查看pppd进程是否仍在运行 +ps aux | grep pppd + +# 手动杀死pppd进程(备用方法) +killall pppd ``` +### 相关命令 + +- pppd -- PPP守护进程,用于建立和管理PPP连接 +- pon -- 启动PPP连接 +- poff -- 断开PPP连接(更常用的替代命令) +- chat -- PPP拨号脚本,用于处理认证过程 +- ifconfig -- 查看网络接口状态 + +### 注意 +1. ppp-off命令主要适用于Slackware发行版,其他发行版可能没有预装此命令。 +2. 在现代Linux系统中,更推荐使用NetworkManager或pppd自带的poff命令来管理PPP连接。 +3. PPP协议已被逐渐淘汰,大多数现代网络连接不再使用PPP协议。 +4. 如果需要断开PPPoE连接(宽带拨号),可以使用ppp-off或poff命令。 +5. 执行ppp-off后,PPP相关的网络接口(如ppp0)将被删除。 diff --git a/command/realpath.md b/command/realpath.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0968a5f882c --- /dev/null +++ b/command/realpath.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +realpath +=== + +解析并规范化文件路径,返回绝对路径。 + +## 补充说明 + +**realpath** 命令用于解析给定路径中的符号链接、相对路径(如 `.`、`..`),并输出其对应的**绝对路径**。 +它常用于脚本中获取文件或目录的真实位置,避免因符号链接或相对路径导致的路径歧义。 + +与直接使用 `pwd` 或字符串拼接不同,`realpath` 能保证输出路径是唯一、真实、可访问的物理路径。 + +### 语法 + +```shell +realpath [选项] 文件... +``` + +### 选项 + +```shell +-e, --canonicalize-existing 仅在路径中所有组件都存在时才输出结果 +-m, --canonicalize-missing 即使路径中部分组件不存在也输出规范化路径 +-L, --logical 按逻辑方式解析符号链接(默认) +-P, --physical 按物理方式解析符号链接 +-q, --quiet 静默模式,不输出错误信息 +-s, --strip 删除路径末尾的斜杠 +--relative-to=DIR 输出相对于 DIR 的路径 +--relative-base=DIR 若可能,输出相对于 DIR 的路径 +--help 显示帮助信息 +--version 显示版本信息 +``` + +### 参数 + +```shell +文件 需要解析的文件或目录路径,可以是相对路径或符号链接 +``` + +## 实例 + +### 获取文件的绝对路径 + +```shell +realpath file.txt +``` + +### 解析符号链接的真实路径 + +```shell +realpath /usr/bin/python +``` + +### 即使路径不存在也返回规范化结果 + +```shell +realpath -m ./not/exist/path +``` + +### 输出相对于指定目录的路径 + +```shell +realpath --relative-to=/usr /usr/bin/env +``` diff --git a/command/rpm.md b/command/rpm.md index f7ec56d5dc8..729a85560b4 100644 --- a/command/rpm.md +++ b/command/rpm.md @@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ rpm(选项)(参数) -q:使用询问模式,当遇到任何问题时,rpm指令会先询问用户; -R:显示套件的关联性信息; -s:显示文件状态,本参数需配合"-l"参数使用; +-K:检查套件签名和校验和,可用于验证RPM包; +-F<套件档>+或--freshen<套件档>+:升级指定的套件档,仅当系统中已安装旧版时才会更新; +-V:验证套件或文件的完整性; -U<套件档>或--upgrade<套件档>:升级指定的套件档; -v:显示指令执行过程; -vv:详细显示指令执行过程,便于排错。 @@ -227,6 +230,7 @@ mysql57-community-release-el6-8.noarch.rpm # 一个 rpm 包的例子 rpm -Uivh --dodeps xxx # upgrade install verbose hash rpm -qilpfa|grep xxx # query info list(rpm包安装后的文件位置) package(rpm 包) file(文件属于哪个rpm文件) all +rpm -K *.rpm # 检查 RPM 包的签名和校验和 rpm -e # erase rpm -V # verify rpm2cpio | cpio -idv diff --git a/command/rsync.md b/command/rsync.md index 669ca60caa6..34b5df88837 100644 --- a/command/rsync.md +++ b/command/rsync.md @@ -326,4 +326,101 @@ $ rsync -av --include="*.txt" --exclude='*' source/ destination 上面命令指定同步时,排除所有文件,但是会包括 `TXT` 文件。 +**指定要使用的远程shell** +远程shell(remote shell)用于在本地和远程主机之间建立连接,它不是指执行脚本的shell(bash/zsh等) + +`-e`选项可以指定使用的远程shell(默认为ssh),例如 rsh、socat 或自定义脚本 + +```shell +$ rsync -av -e rsh /tmp/src/ user@host:/tmp/dest/ +``` + +`-e`选项同时可以指定远程shell的参数,如果需要指定 ssh user,必须使用`ssh -l user`,而不能使用`ssh user@host`,因为`ssh user@host`会破坏 rsync 对 host 的解析方式 + +```shell +$ rsync -av -e "ssh -l root -p 9000" /tmp/src/ user@192.168.56.12:/tmp/dest/ +``` + +**通过SSH加密daemon传输** + +使用daemon语法(`host::module`或`rsync://host/module`)时,默认情况下会直接连接到远程的rsync daemon,走TCP 873 端口明文传输 + +```shell +$ rsync -av /tmp/src/ testuser@192.168.56.12::max +``` + +当使用daemon语法的同时添加`-e ssh`选项时,rsync 通过ssh登录远程主机,并在ssh会话中启动一个临时的single-use(单次使用) daemon,从而使daemon传输经过ssh加密,临时daemon不会监听任何TCP端口,它全部通信都通过SSH管道完成。 + +```shell +# 此时会使用当前登录的Linux用户作为 ssh user,随后还需要输入模块 max 的 rsync user 密码 +$ rsync -av -e ssh /tmp/src/ 192.168.56.12::max +``` + +```shell +# 此时会默认使用testuser同时作为ssh user和rsync user,需要保证远程服务器存在Linux用户testuser,不推荐这种写法 +$ rsync -av -e ssh /tmp/src/ testuser@192.168.56.12::max +``` + +更推荐的写法是使用`ssh -l user`同时显式指定ssh user,并在daemon语法中显式写明rsync user,避免二者混淆 + +```shell +# 此时使用user进行ssh连接,rsync user是testuser +$ rsync -av -e "ssh -l user" /tmp/src/ testuser@192.168.56.12::max +``` + +在通过ssh加密daemon传输的模式下,本地rsync通过ssh远程登录,并在远程以ssh用户的身份创建一个临时daemon。该daemon会在ssh用户家目录下寻找`rsyncd.conf`,如果没有找到则会报错,而不是使用`/etc/rsyncd.conf`(如果使用root进行ssh则会直接读取`/etc/rsyncd.conf`)。 + +可以在ssh user的家目录新建一个`rsyncd.conf`,写入类似下面的配置: + +``` +[max] + path = /tmp/dest + read only = no + auth users = testuser + secrets file = /home/user/rsyncd.secrets +``` + +配置文件中不要使用`uid`、`gid`、`chroot`等需要root权限的配置,然后新建一个密码文件`/home/user/rsyncd.secrets`,内容例如: + +``` +testuser:123123 +``` + +并将密码文件权限设置为600: + +```shell +$ chmod 600 /home/user/rsyncd.secrets +``` + +**通过SSH隧道加密daemon传输** + +除了上面提到的临时daemon,还可以使用SSH隧道加密正常的daemon + +默认情况下`sudo rsync --daemon`启动的是一个监听`0.0.0.0:873`的端口,通过SSH将远程端口映射到本地,然后`rsync`只需连接本地端口即可完成加密传输。 + +修改配置文件`/etc/rsyncd.conf`: + +``` +hosts allow = 127.0.0.1 +address = 127.0.0.1 +``` + +启动 rsync daemon(此时只会监听本地回环地址`127.0.0.1:873`) + +```shell +$ sudo rsync --daemon +``` + +映射远程端口到本地 + +```shell +$ ssh -L 8873:127.0.0.1:873 user@192.168.56.12 +``` + +使用本地端口同步(流量会自动经 SSH 加密转发到远程 daemon) + +```shell +# 默认连接873端口,必须显式指明端口 +$ rsync -av /tmp/src/ testuser@127.0.0.1::max --port=8873 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/sftp-server.md b/command/sftp-server.md index 0ef37556b0d..53fa19f8469 100644 --- a/command/sftp-server.md +++ b/command/sftp-server.md @@ -5,12 +5,62 @@ sftp协议的服务器端程序 ## 补充说明 -**sftp-server命令** 是一个"sftp"协议的服务器端程序,它使用加密的方式进行文件传输。 +**sftp-server命令** 是一个"SFTP"协议的服务器端程序,它使用加密的方式进行文件传输。它是OpenSSH套件的一部分,通常在后台由sshd守护进程调用,作为SFTP子系统的后端实现。 -### 语法 +sftp-server提供了比传统FTP更安全的文件传输方式,所有通信数据均经过SSH加密通道传输,包括认证信息和文件内容。 -```shell -sftp-server -``` +### 概要 + +`shell +/usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server [选项] +` + +### 选项 + +`shell +-d 调试模式,将调试信息输出到系统日志 +-f facility 指定syslog的设施类型(如DAEMON、USER等) +-l log_level 指定日志级别(QUIET、FATAL、ERROR、INFO、VERBOSE、DEBUG、DEBUG1、DEBUG2、DEBUG3) +-P pid_file 将进程PID写入指定文件 +-t version SFTP协议版本(2-6) +-u umask 设置文件创建的umask值 +` + +### 参数 + +sftp-server通常不需要手动直接调用,而是由sshd通过SFTP子系统自动启动。用户可以通过sftp客户端命令连接到服务器,服务端会自动加载sftp-server。 + +### 实例 + +`shell +# 配置sshd以使用sftp-server +# 在 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 中添加或修改: +Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server + +# 使用sftp客户端连接远程服务器 +sftp user@remote-host + +# 通过sftp上传文件 +sftp> put localfile.txt + +# 通过sftp下载文件 +sftp> get remotefile.txt + +# 查看sftp-server的位置 +which sftp-server +# 或 +whereis sftp-server +` + +### 相关命令 + +- sftp — SFTP客户端命令 +- sshd — SSH守护进程 +- scp — 安全的文件拷贝命令 +- ssh — SSH客户端命令 +### 注意 +1. sftp-server通常由sshd自动管理,普通用户无需直接调用。 +2. 如果需要限制用户只能使用SFTP而不能使用Shell访问,可以在/etc/passwd中将用户的shell设置为sftp-server的路径,或在sshd_config中使用ForceCommand internal-sftp。 +3. 较新版本的OpenSSH推荐使用internal-sftp(内置SFTP服务器)替代独立的sftp-server程序,性能更好且更安全。 diff --git a/command/sosreport.md b/command/sosreport.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..729c86222bb --- /dev/null +++ b/command/sosreport.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +sosreport +=== + +收集系统配置和诊断信息 + +## 补充说明 + +**sosreport命令** 是一个配置和数据收集实用程序,用于收集系统配置、日志文件和诊断信息,以便进行故障排除和分析。它将信息打包到一个压缩的tar文件中,便于传输和分析。sosreport是Red Hat Enterprise Linux系统中用于技术支持的标准工具。 + +### 语法 + +```shell +sosreport [选项] +``` + +### 选项 + +```shell +-l, --list-plugins # 列出所有可用的插件 +-n, --skip-plugins # 跳过指定的插件(多个插件用逗号分隔) +-e, --enable-plugins # 启用指定的插件(多个插件用逗号分隔) +-o, --only-plugins # 只运行指定的插件(多个插件用逗号分隔) +-a, --alloptions # 启用所有插件选项 +-v, --verbose # 详细输出模式 +-q, --quiet # 静默模式,减少输出 +--batch # 批处理模式,不提示用户输入 +--build # 收集系统构建信息 +--case-id=CASE_ID # 指定案例ID +--config-file=CONFIG # 指定配置文件路径 +--debug # 调试模式 +--experimental # 启用实验性插件 +--log-size=SIZE # 限制日志文件大小(MB) +--plugin-timeout=TIMEOUT # 插件超时时间(秒) +--since=DATE # 从指定日期开始收集日志 +--tmp-dir=DIR # 指定临时目录 +--verify # 验证归档的完整性 +-z, --compression-type # 指定压缩类型(gzip, bzip2, xz) +``` + +### 常用选项 + +```shell +-a # 启用所有插件选项,收集最全面的信息 +-v # 详细模式,显示收集过程 +-q # 静默模式,最小化输出 +--batch # 批处理模式,不需要用户交互 +``` + +### 实例 + +收集系统诊断信息: + +```shell +sosreport +``` + +批处理模式收集信息(无需用户交互): + +```shell +sosreport --batch +``` + +详细模式收集信息: + +```shell +sosreport -v +``` + +启用所有插件选项收集完整信息: + +```shell +sosreport -a +``` + +只收集网络相关信息: + +```shell +sosreport -o network +``` + +跳过某些插件: + +```shell +sosreport -n rpm,yum +``` + +收集指定日期之后的日志: + +```shell +sosreport --since="2023-01-01" +``` + +指定案例ID和批处理模式: + +```shell +sosreport --batch --case-id=12345678 +``` + +列出所有可用插件: + +```shell +sosreport -l +``` + +收集系统信息并限制日志文件大小: + +```shell +sosreport --log-size=100 +``` + +使用不同的压缩类型: + +```shell +sosreport -z xz +``` + +### 常见插件 + +```shell +block # 块设备信息 +boot # 启动相关信息 +kernel # 内核信息 +logs # 系统日志 +memory # 内存信息 +network # 网络配置 +networking # 网络诊断 +process # 进程信息 +processor # CPU信息 +rpm # RPM包信息 +system # 系统配置 +yum # YUM包管理器信息 +``` + +### 输出文件 + +sosreport会在`/var/tmp/`目录下生成一个压缩的tar文件,文件名格式为: +``` +sosreport---.tar.xz +``` + +### 注意事项 + +- sosreport需要root权限运行 +- 收集的信息可能包含敏感数据,传输前请确认安全性 +- 生成的文件可能较大,请确保有足够的磁盘空间 +- 默认情况下,敏感信息(如密码、密钥)会被混淆处理 diff --git a/command/strings.md b/command/strings.md index baf174c6c85..bdc513d0856 100644 --- a/command/strings.md +++ b/command/strings.md @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ strings /bin/ls 列出ls中所有的ASCII文本: ```shell -cat /bin/ls strings +cat /bin/ls | strings ``` 查找ls中包含libc的字符串,不区分大小写: diff --git a/command/timedatectl.md b/command/timedatectl.md index ab278ef66b4..55d4a520b2b 100644 --- a/command/timedatectl.md +++ b/command/timedatectl.md @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ Query or change system time and date settings. Commands: status 显示当前的时间设置。 + show 显示systemd-timedated的属性。 set-time TIME 设置系统时间。 set-timezone ZONE 设置系统时区。 list-timezones 显示已知时区。 @@ -62,11 +63,22 @@ NTP synchronized: no DST active: n/a ``` +显示systemd-timedated的属性 + +``` +$ timedatectl show +Timezone=Asia/Shanghai +LocalRTC=no +CanNTP=yes +NTP=yes +NTPSynchronized=yes +TimeUSec=Fri 2022年04月08日 17:04:02 CST +RTCTimeUSec=Fri 2022年04月08日 17:04:02 CST +``` + 显示系统所有可用的时区 ```shell -$ timedatectl show -Unknown operation show $ timedatectl list-timezones Africa/Abidjan Africa/Accra diff --git a/command/tmux.md b/command/tmux.md index 8ce7b1a7481..416bc775208 100644 --- a/command/tmux.md +++ b/command/tmux.md @@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ Tmux是一个优秀的终端复用软件,类似GNU Screen,但来自于OpenBS 使用它最直观的好处就是,通过一个终端登录远程主机并运行tmux后,在其中可以开启多个控制台而无需再"浪费"多余的终端来连接这台远程主机; +开启鼠标滚轮滚动: +`ctrl+b`,按下冒号 `:` 进入命令行模式,然后输入 `set -g mouse on` 后按回车 + ## 功能 - 提供了强劲的、易于使用的命令行界面。 @@ -38,59 +41,59 @@ make && make install ## 快捷键使用说明 -| | | -| :----- | :----- | -| Ctrl+b | 激活控制台;此时以下按键生效 | +| 快捷键 | 功能说明 | +| :----- | :--------------------------- | +| Ctrl+b | 激活控制台;此时以下按键生效 | ### 系统操作 -| | | -| :----- | -------- | -| ? | 列出所有快捷键;按q返回 | -| d | 脱离当前会话;这样可以暂时返回Shell界面,输入tmux attach能够重新进入之前的会话 | -| D | 选择要脱离的会话;在同时开启了多个会话时使用 | -| Ctrl+z | 挂起当前会话 | -| r | 强制重绘未脱离的会话 | -| s | 选择并切换会话;在同时开启了多个会话时使用 | -| : | 进入命令行模式;此时可以输入支持的命令,例如kill-server可以关闭服务器 | -| \[ | 进入复制模式;此时的操作与vi/emacs相同,按q/Esc退出 | -| \~ | 列出提示信息缓存;其中包含了之前tmux返回的各种提示信息 | +| 快捷键 | 功能说明 | +| :----- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | +| ? | 列出所有快捷键;按q返回 | +| d | 脱离当前会话;这样可以暂时返回Shell界面,输入tmux attach能够重新进入之前的会话 | +| D | 选择要脱离的会话;在同时开启了多个会话时使用 | +| Ctrl+z | 挂起当前会话 | +| r | 强制重绘未脱离的会话 | +| s | 选择并切换会话;在同时开启了多个会话时使用 | +| : | 进入命令行模式;此时可以输入支持的命令,例如kill-server可以关闭服务器 | +| \[ | 进入复制模式;此时的操作与vi/emacs相同,按q/Esc退出 | +| \~ | 列出提示信息缓存;其中包含了之前tmux返回的各种提示信息 | ### 窗口操作 -| | | -| :----- | -------- | -| c | 创建新窗口 | -| & | 关闭当前窗口 | -| 数字键 | 切换至指定窗口 | -| p | 切换至上一窗口 | -| n | 切换至下一窗口 | -| l | 在前后两个窗口间互相切换 | -| w | 通过窗口列表切换窗口 | -| , | 重命名当前窗口;这样便于识别 | +| 快捷键 | 功能说明 | +| :----- | ------------------------------------ | +| c | 创建新窗口 | +| & | 关闭当前窗口 | +| 数字键 | 切换至指定窗口 | +| p | 切换至上一窗口 | +| n | 切换至下一窗口 | +| l | 在前后两个窗口间互相切换 | +| w | 通过窗口列表切换窗口 | +| , | 重命名当前窗口;这样便于识别 | | . | 修改当前窗口编号;相当于窗口重新排序 | -| f | 在所有窗口中查找指定文本 | +| f | 在所有窗口中查找指定文本 | ### 面板操作 -| | | -| :----- | -------- | -| " | 将当前面板平分为上下两块 | -| % | 将当前面板平分为左右两块 | -| x | 关闭当前面板 | -| ! | 将当前面板置于新窗口;即新建一个窗口,其中仅包含当前面板 | -| Ctrl+方向键 | 以1个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小 | -| Alt+方向键 | 以5个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小 | -| Space | 在预置的面板布局中循环切换;依次包括even-horizontal、even-vertical、main-horizontal、main-vertical、tiled | -| q | 显示面板编号 | -| o | 在当前窗口中选择下一面板 | -| 方向键 | 移动光标以选择面板 | -| { | 向前置换当前面板 | -| } | 向后置换当前面板 | -| Alt+o | 逆时针旋转当前窗口的面板 | -| Ctrl+o | 顺时针旋转当前窗口的面板 | +| 快捷键 | 功能说明 | +| :---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | +| " | 将当前面板平分为上下两块 | +| % | 将当前面板平分为左右两块 | +| x | 关闭当前面板 | +| ! | 将当前面板置于新窗口;即新建一个窗口,其中仅包含当前面板 | +| Ctrl+方向键 | 以1个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小 | +| Alt+方向键 | 以5个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小 | +| Space | 在预置的面板布局中循环切换;依次包括even-horizontal、even-vertical、main-horizontal、main-vertical、tiled | +| q | 显示面板编号 | +| o | 在当前窗口中选择下一面板 | +| 方向键 | 移动光标以选择面板 | +| { | 向前置换当前面板 | +| } | 向后置换当前面板 | +| Alt+o | 逆时针旋转当前窗口的面板 | +| Ctrl+o | 顺时针旋转当前窗口的面板 | 1)进入tmux面板后,一定要先按ctrl+b,然后松开,再按其他的组合键才生效。 @@ -120,4 +123,4 @@ ctrl+b d # 脱离当前会话;这样可以暂时返回Shell界面, ## 参考资料 -- tmux 官网下载地址:http://tmux.github.io/ \ No newline at end of file +- tmux 官网下载地址:http://tmux.github.io/ diff --git a/command/touch.md b/command/touch.md index 37a1a698718..384efbff5e5 100644 --- a/command/touch.md +++ b/command/touch.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ touch(选项)(参数) -c:或--no-create 不建立任何文件; -d:<时间日期> 使用指定的日期时间,而非现在的时间; -f:此参数将忽略不予处理,仅负责解决BSD版本touch指令的兼容性问题; --m:或--time=mtime或--time=modify 只更该变动时间; +-m:或--time=mtime或--time=modify 只更改变动时间; -r:<参考文件或目录> 把指定文件或目录的日期时间,统统设成和参考文件或目录的日期时间相同; -t:<日期时间> 使用指定的日期时间,而非现在的时间; --help:在线帮助; diff --git a/command/ufw.md b/command/ufw.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..43ce91a1289 --- /dev/null +++ b/command/ufw.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +ufw +=== + +ubuntu防火墙管理工具 + +## 概要 + +```shell +sudo ufw [选项] [规则/命令] +``` + +## 用途 + +- 管理Ubuntu系统防火墙规则,简化`iptables`操作。 +- 启用或禁用防火墙,查看当前防火墙状态。 +- 快速配置允许/拒绝端口、服务或特定IP的访问。 + +## 参数 + +### 常用操作命令 + +- `enable`: 启用防火墙并设置开机自启。 +- `disable`: 关闭防火墙。 +- `reload`: 重新加载防火墙规则(不中断现有连接)。 +- `reset`: 重置所有规则到初始状态。 +- `allow `: 允许指定规则(如端口、服务)。 +- `deny `: 拒绝指定规则。 +- `status`: 显示防火墙状态和规则列表。 + +### 规则格式 + +- ``: 端口号(如 `22`、`80/tcp`)。 +- ``: 协议类型(`tcp` 或 `udp`)。 +- `comment `: 为规则添加注释(需配合 `allow`/`deny` 使用)。 + +### 选项 + +- `--dry-run`: 仅显示规则变更,不实际应用。 + +------ + +## 返回值 + +- 成功执行返回 `0`。 +- 错误或无效参数返回非零值。 + +------ + +## 示例 + +### 基础操作 + +``` +# 启用防火墙 +sudo ufw enable + +# 关闭防火墙 +sudo ufw disable + +# 查看防火墙状态 +sudo ufw status +``` + +### 规则配置 + +``` +# 允许SSH默认端口(22/tcp) +sudo ufw allow ssh + +# 允许TCP协议的8080端口并添加注释 +sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp comment "Web Server" + +# 拒绝来自192.168.1.5的访问 +sudo ufw deny from 192.168.1.5 + +# 拒绝UDP协议的53端口 +sudo ufw deny 53/udp +``` + +### 高级操作 + +``` +# 显示带编号的规则列表(便于删除) +sudo ufw status numbered + +# 删除第3条规则 +sudo ufw delete 3 + +# 重置所有规则 +sudo ufw reset +``` + +------ + +## 注意 + +1. **权限要求**:需使用 `sudo` 执行命令。 +2. **默认策略**:首次启用时默认阻止所有入站流量,允许所有出站流量。 +3. **规则优先级**: + 规则按顺序匹配,先拒绝后允许可能导致冲突 +4. **日志记录**: + 可通过 `sudo ufw logging on` 启用日志,日志路径为 `/var/log/ufw.log` +5. **服务名称支持**: + 支持 `/etc/services` 中定义的服务名(如 `http`、`ssh`) diff --git a/command/vi.md b/command/vi.md index 63ce4a16539..6f78d225eab 100644 --- a/command/vi.md +++ b/command/vi.md @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ nyy:将当前行及其下n行的内容保存到寄存器?中,其中?为 p:粘贴文本操作,用于将缓存区的内容粘贴到当前光标所在位置的下方; P:粘贴文本操作,用于将缓存区的内容粘贴到当前光标所在位置的上方; /字符串:文本查找操作,用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件尾部查找指定字符串的内容,查找的字符串会被加亮显示; -?字符串:文本查找操作,用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件头部查找指定字符串的内容,查找的字符串会被加亮显示; +?字符串:文本查找操作,用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件头部查找指定字符串的内容,查找的字符串会被加亮显示; a,bs/F/T:替换文本操作,用于在第a行到第b行之间,将F字符串换成T字符串。其中,"s/"表示进行替换操作; a:在当前字符后添加文本; A:在行末添加文本; @@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ o:在当前行后面插入一空行; O:在当前行前面插入一空行; :wq:在命令模式下,执行存盘退出操作; :w:在命令模式下,执行存盘操作; -:w!:在命令模式下,执行强制存盘操作; +:w!:在命令模式下,执行强制存盘操作; :q:在命令模式下,执行退出vi操作; -:q!:在命令模式下,执行强制退出vi操作; +:q!:在命令模式下,执行强制退出vi操作; :e文件名:在命令模式下,打开并编辑指定名称的文件; :n:在命令模式下,如果同时打开多个文件,则继续编辑下一个文件; :f:在命令模式下,用于显示当前的文件名、光标所在行的行号以及显示比例; @@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ vi和ex编辑器的功能是相同的,二者的主要区别是用户界面。 则从文件第一行至文件末尾($)将大写I全部替换成小写i。vi编辑器的三种工作方式之间的转换如图所示。 !vi +【查看行号】 +在 vi 或 vim 编辑器中,按 Esc,然后输入: +:set number diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json index 75eae0c05a3..66fdfcd36e9 100644 --- a/dist/data.json +++ b/dist/data.json @@ -164,6 +164,11 @@ "p": "/bc", "d": "算术操作精密运算工具" }, + "beep": { + "n": "beep", + "p": "/beep", + "d": "用于控制 PC 扬声器发出蜂鸣声的命令行工具。" + }, "bg": { "n": "bg", "p": "/bg", @@ -184,11 +189,6 @@ "p": "/blockdev", "d": "从命令行调用区块设备控制程序" }, - "bmodinfo": { - "n": "bmodinfo", - "p": "/bmodinfo", - "d": "显示给定模块的详细信息" - }, "break": { "n": "break", "p": "/break", @@ -869,6 +869,11 @@ "p": "/get_module", "d": "获取Linux内核模块的详细信息" }, + "getcap": { + "n": "getcap", + "p": "/getcap", + "d": "显示文件的能力(capabilities)" + }, "getenforce": { "n": "getenforce", "p": "/getenforce", @@ -879,6 +884,11 @@ "p": "/getent", "d": "查询 DNS 名称服务器中的命名空间" }, + "getfacl": { + "n": "getfacl", + "p": "/getfacl", + "d": "获取文件访问控制列表(access control lists)" + }, "getsebool": { "n": "getsebool", "p": "/getsebool", @@ -927,7 +937,7 @@ "groupmod": { "n": "groupmod", "p": "/groupmod", - "d": "更改群组识别码或名称" + "d": "修改系统上的组定义" }, "groups": { "n": "groups", @@ -1132,7 +1142,7 @@ "iostat": { "n": "iostat", "p": "/iostat", - "d": "iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况,同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样,iostat也有一个弱点,就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析,仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况:CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。" + "d": "监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况" }, "iotop": { "n": "iotop", @@ -1237,7 +1247,7 @@ "journalctl": { "n": "journalctl", "p": "/journalctl", - "d": "检索 systemd 日志,是 CentOS 7 才有的工具。" + "d": "检索 systemd 日志,只要使用 systemd 的 Linux 发行版(如 Fedora、Ubuntu Modern、Debian、SUSE、Arch),几乎都会配备 journalctl。" }, "jq": { "n": "jq", @@ -1269,6 +1279,11 @@ "p": "/killall", "d": "使用进程的名称来杀死一组进程" }, + "l2ping": { + "n": "l2ping", + "p": "/l2ping", + "d": "收发 L2CAP 回显请求,用于检查与目标蓝牙设备的连通性。" + }, "last": { "n": "last", "p": "/last", @@ -1619,6 +1634,11 @@ "p": "/modetest", "d": "DRM/KMS驱动程序libdrm中的模式测试工具" }, + "modinfo": { + "n": "modinfo", + "p": "/modinfo", + "d": "显示给定模块的详细信息" + }, "modprobe": { "n": "modprobe", "p": "/modprobe", @@ -1682,7 +1702,7 @@ "named-checkzone": { "n": "named-checkzone", "p": "/named-checkzone", - "d": "使用named-checkzone命令可以进行区域文件有效性检查和转换,必须指定区域名称和区域文件名称" + "d": "使用 named-checkzone 可验证并转换区域文件,需指定区域名和文件名。" }, "nano": { "n": "nano", @@ -1694,6 +1714,11 @@ "p": "/nc", "d": "nc是网络工具中的瑞士军刀" }, + "ncdu": { + "n": "ncdu", + "p": "/ncdu", + "d": "磁盘使用情况的交互式查看工具,可视为 du 的增强版本" + }, "ncftp": { "n": "ncftp", "p": "/ncftp", @@ -1759,6 +1784,11 @@ "p": "/nmcli", "d": "地址配置工具" }, + "nmtui": { + "n": "nmtui", + "p": "/nmtui", + "d": "基于文本的用户界面(TUI),用于控制和配置 NetworkManager。" + }, "nohup": { "n": "nohup", "p": "/nohup", @@ -1779,6 +1809,11 @@ "p": "/nslookup", "d": "查询域名DNS信息的工具" }, + "nstat": { + "n": "nstat", + "p": "/nstat", + "d": "nstat 是一个简单的监视内核的 SNMP 计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。" + }, "ntpdate": { "n": "ntpdate", "p": "/ntpdate", @@ -2079,6 +2114,11 @@ "p": "/readonly", "d": "标记shell变量或函数为只读" }, + "realpath": { + "n": "realpath", + "p": "/realpath", + "d": "解析并规范化文件路径,返回绝对路径。" + }, "reboot": { "n": "reboot", "p": "/reboot", @@ -2384,6 +2424,11 @@ "p": "/sort", "d": "对文本文件中所有行进行排序。" }, + "sosreport": { + "n": "sosreport", + "p": "/sosreport", + "d": "收集系统配置和诊断信息" + }, "source": { "n": "source", "p": "/source", @@ -2689,6 +2734,11 @@ "p": "/type", "d": "显示指定命令的类型。" }, + "ufw": { + "n": "ufw", + "p": "/ufw", + "d": " ubuntu防火墙管理工具" + }, "ulimit": { "n": "ulimit", "p": "/ulimit", diff --git a/dist/data.min.json b/dist/data.min.json index cb420adfeff..6db09018099 100644 --- a/dist/data.min.json +++ b/dist/data.min.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"7z":{"n":"7z","p":"/7z","d":"拥有极高压缩比的开源压缩软件。"},"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"ag":{"n":"ag","p":"/ag","d":"ack 的升级版,C语言编写,更快更人性化"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"定义或显示别名。"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian 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平台开发具有高压缩率的工具"},"yes":{"n":"yes","p":"/yes","d":"重复打印指定字符串"},"ypdomainname":{"n":"ypdomainname","p":"/ypdomainname","d":"显示主机的NIS的域名"},"yum":{"n":"yum","p":"/yum","d":"基于RPM的软件包管理器"},"zcat":{"n":"zcat","p":"/zcat","d":"显示压缩包中文件的内容"},"zfore":{"n":"zfore","p":"/zfore","d":"强制为gzip格式的压缩文件添加.gz后缀"},"zip":{"n":"zip","p":"/zip","d":"可以用来解压缩文件"},"zipinfo":{"n":"zipinfo","p":"/zipinfo","d":"用来列出压缩文件信息"},"zipsplit":{"n":"zipsplit","p":"/zipsplit","d":"将较大的zip压缩包分割成各个较小的压缩包"},"znew":{"n":"znew","p":"/znew","d":"将.Z压缩包重新转化为gzip命令压缩的.gz压缩包"}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/README.md b/k8s/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..146392149aa --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +# 快速入门指南 + +本指南旨在帮助您在 Kubernetes 中部署基于 `wcjiang/linux-command` 镜像的 `linux-command` 应用。该应用提供了一套 `Deployment`,并通过 `Service` 对外暴露服务端口。 + +## 前提条件 + +- 已安装并配置好的 Kubernetes 集群 +- 安装并配置好的 `kubectl`,并连接至你的 Kubernetes 集群 + +## 安装步骤 + +我们将使用此存储库中的`kubectl`应用 YAML 文件,该文件将安装 `linux-command` 应用。 + +```bash +$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/refs/heads/master/k8s/linux-command.yaml +``` + +检查 `Deployment` 状态: + +```bash +$ kubectl get deployments -n linux-command +NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE +linux-command 1/1 1 1 17m +``` + +你可以查看 `Pod` 的状态以确保其正常运行: + +```bash +$ kubectl get pods -n linux-command +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +linux-command-fff454654-427zp 1/1 Running 0 12m +``` + +验证 `Service` 是否成功创建并获取暴露的端口: + +``` +$ kubectl get services -n linux-command +NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE +linux-command-service NodePort 10.96.2.225 9665:30204/TCP 18m +``` + +## 访问应用 + +通过获取 `NodePort` 的端口来访问应用。以下是获取 `NodePort` 服务信息的命令: + +``` +$ kubectl get svc linux-command-service -n linux-command +``` + +根据输出,使用 `EXTERNAL-IP:PORT` 访问服务。例如: + +``` +http://: +``` + +## 卸载应用 + +如果需要删除已部署的资源,可以按以下顺序操作: + +``` +kubectl delete -f linux-command.yaml +``` + +这将会清理所有创建的 Kubernetes 资源。 diff --git a/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0e8a0eb36f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Patterns to ignore when building packages. +# This supports shell glob matching, relative path matching, and +# negation (prefixed with !). Only one pattern per line. +.DS_Store +# Common VCS dirs +.git/ +.gitignore +.bzr/ +.bzrignore +.hg/ +.hgignore +.svn/ +# Common backup files +*.swp +*.bak +*.tmp +*.orig +*~ +# Various IDEs +.project +.idea/ +*.tmproj +.vscode/ diff --git a/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..62db357f2ec --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +apiVersion: v2 +name: linux-command +description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes +# A chart can be either an 'application' or a 'library' chart. +# +# Application charts are a collection of templates that can be packaged into versioned archives +# to be deployed. +# +# Library charts provide useful utilities or functions for the chart developer. They're included as +# a dependency of application charts to inject those utilities and functions into the rendering +# pipeline. Library charts do not define any templates and therefore cannot be deployed. +type: application +# This is the chart version. This version number should be incremented each time you make changes +# to the chart and its templates, including the app version. +# Versions are expected to follow Semantic Versioning (https://semver.org/) +version: 0.1.0 +# This is the version number of the application being deployed. This version number should be +# incremented each time you make changes to the application. Versions are not expected to +# follow Semantic Versioning. They should reflect the version the application is using. +# It is recommended to use it with quotes. +appVersion: "0.1.0" diff --git a/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..042c4695a6b --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# linux-command + +linux-command 的 Helm 图表。该图表使用 Helm 软件包管理器在 Kubernetes 集群上引导部署 linux-command。 + +## 安装 Chart + +``` +$ helm install linux-command ./linux-command --namespace linux-command --create-namespace +``` + +## 卸载 Chart + +``` +$ helm -n linux-command uninstall linux-command +``` + +这会删除与图表相关的所有 Kubernetes 组件,并删除发布。 + +## 配置参数 + +下表列出了 linux-command 图表的可配置参数及其默认值。 + +| Key | Type | Default | Description | +| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------ | ------------------------- | ----------- | +| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.repository | string | `"wcjiang/linux-command"` | | +| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.tag | string | `"latest"` | | +| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.imagePullPolicy | string | `"IfNotPresent"` | | +| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.limits.cpu | string | `"100m"` | | +| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.limits.memory | string | `"50Mi"` | | +| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.requests.cpu | string | `"100m"` | | +| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.requests.memory | string | `"50Mi"` | | +| linuxCommand.replicas | int | `1` | | +| service.ports[0].port | int | `9665` | | +| service.ports[0].protocol | string | `"TCP"` | | +| service.ports[0].targetPort | int | `3000` | | +| service.type | string | `"NodePort"` | | + +使用`-set key=value[,key=value]`参数为`helm install`指定每个参数。 + +或者,也可以在安装图表时提供指定参数值的 YAML 文件。例如 + +``` +helm install -f values.yaml ./linux-command +``` diff --git a/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..68cb3b48b25 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +{{/* +Expand the name of the chart. +*/}} +{{- define "linux-command.name" -}} +{{- default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- end }} + +{{/* +Create a default fully qualified app name. +We truncate at 63 chars because some Kubernetes name fields are limited to this (by the DNS naming spec). +If release name contains chart name it will be used as a full name. +*/}} +{{- define "linux-command.fullname" -}} +{{- if .Values.fullnameOverride }} +{{- .Values.fullnameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- else }} +{{- $name := default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride }} +{{- if contains $name .Release.Name }} +{{- .Release.Name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- else }} +{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name $name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- end }} +{{- end }} +{{- end }} + +{{/* +Create chart name and version as used by the chart label. +*/}} +{{- define "linux-command.chart" -}} +{{- printf "%s-%s" .Chart.Name .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- end }} + +{{/* +Common labels +*/}} +{{- define "linux-command.labels" -}} +helm.sh/chart: {{ include "linux-command.chart" . }} +{{ include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . }} +{{- if .Chart.AppVersion }} +app.kubernetes.io/version: {{ .Chart.AppVersion | quote }} +{{- end }} +app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }} +{{- end }} + +{{/* +Selector labels +*/}} +{{- define "linux-command.selectorLabels" -}} +app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "linux-command.name" . }} +app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }} +{{- end }} + +{{/* +Create the name of the service account to use +*/}} +{{- define "linux-command.serviceAccountName" -}} +{{- if .Values.serviceAccount.create }} +{{- default (include "linux-command.fullname" .) .Values.serviceAccount.name }} +{{- else }} +{{- default "default" .Values.serviceAccount.name }} +{{- end }} +{{- end }} diff --git a/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fbfc1318671 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +apiVersion: apps/v1 +kind: Deployment +metadata: + name: {{ include "linux-command.fullname" . }}-linux-command + labels: + app: linux-command + {{- include "linux-command.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + replicas: {{ .Values.linuxCommand.replicas }} + selector: + matchLabels: + app: linux-command + {{- include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }} + template: + metadata: + labels: + app: linux-command + {{- include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }} + spec: + containers: + - env: + - name: KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_DOMAIN + value: {{ quote .Values.kubernetesClusterDomain }} + image: {{ .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.tag + | default .Chart.AppVersion }} + imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.imagePullPolicy + }} + name: linux-command-container + ports: + - containerPort: 3000 + resources: {{- toYaml .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources | nindent + 10 }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4f5faa02ee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Service +metadata: + name: {{ include "linux-command.fullname" . }}-service + labels: + {{- include "linux-command.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + type: {{ .Values.service.type }} + selector: + app: linux-command + {{- include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . | nindent 4 }} + ports: + {{- .Values.service.ports | toYaml | nindent 2 }} diff --git a/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5b449e33bcb --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +linuxCommand: + linuxCommandContainer: + image: + repository: wcjiang/linux-command + tag: latest + imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent + resources: + limits: + cpu: 100m + memory: 50Mi + requests: + cpu: 100m + memory: 50Mi + replicas: 1 +service: + ports: + - port: 9665 + protocol: TCP + targetPort: 3000 + type: NodePort diff --git a/k8s/linux-command.yaml b/k8s/linux-command.yaml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bc7fd6abb44 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/linux-command.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +--- +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Namespace +metadata: + name: linux-command +--- +apiVersion: apps/v1 +kind: Deployment +metadata: + name: linux-command + namespace: linux-command + labels: + app: linux-command +spec: + replicas: 1 + selector: + matchLabels: + app: linux-command + template: + metadata: + labels: + app: linux-command + spec: + containers: + - name: linux-command-container + image: wcjiang/linux-command:latest + imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent + ports: + - containerPort: 3000 + resources: + requests: + cpu: "100m" + memory: "50Mi" + limits: + cpu: "100m" + memory: "50Mi" +--- +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Service +metadata: + name: linux-command-service + namespace: linux-command +spec: + selector: + app: linux-command + ports: + - protocol: TCP + port: 9665 + targetPort: 3000 + type: NodePort diff --git a/netlify.toml b/netlify.toml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2ea364dc5d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/netlify.toml @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +[build] + command = "npm run build" + publish = ".deploy" diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index 8bba58fe3ac..1e77d055650 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "name": "linux-command", - "version": "1.19.1", + "version": "1.22.0", "description": "Linux Command", "homepage": "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/", "main": "dist/data.json", diff --git a/scripts/build.mjs b/scripts/build.mjs index 63e1cfa3739..d840b74040c 100644 --- a/scripts/build.mjs +++ b/scripts/build.mjs @@ -7,22 +7,28 @@ import { create } from 'markdown-to-html-cli'; import _ from 'colors-cli/toxic'; const deployDir = path.resolve(process.cwd(), '.deploy'); -const faviconPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'img', 'favicon.ico'); +const templateImgDir = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'img'); const rootIndexJSPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'index.js'); const dataJsonPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.json'); const dataJsonMinPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.min.json'); const cssPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'css', 'index.css'); const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg'); +function sanitizeCommandName(value) { + return String(value || '') + .replace(/^\uFEFF/, '') + .replace(/[\u200B-\u200D\u2060]/g, '') + .trim(); +} + ;(async () => { try { await FS.ensureDir(deployDir); await FS.emptyDir(deployDir); - await FS.ensureDir(path.resolve(deployDir, 'img')); await FS.ensureDir(path.resolve(deployDir, 'js')); await FS.ensureDir(path.resolve(deployDir, 'css')); await FS.ensureDir(path.resolve(deployDir, 'c')); - await FS.copySync(faviconPath, path.resolve(deployDir, 'img', 'favicon.ico')); + await FS.copySync(templateImgDir, path.resolve(deployDir, 'img')); await FS.copyFile(path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'copy-to-clipboard.js'), path.resolve(deployDir, 'js', 'copy-to-clipboard.js')); await FS.copyFile(path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'node_modules/@wcj/dark-mode/main.js'), path.resolve(deployDir, 'js', 'dark-mode.min.js')); @@ -152,6 +158,7 @@ const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg'); let title = str.match(/[^===]+(?=[===])/g); title = title[0] ? title[0].replace(/\n/g, '') : title[0]; title = title.replace(/\r/, '') + title = sanitizeCommandName(title) // 命令名称 json["n"] = title; // 命令路径 @@ -187,13 +194,15 @@ const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg'); const current_path = toPath.replace(new RegExp(`${deployDir}`), ''); const tmpStr = await FS.readFile(fromPath); let mdPathName = ''; + let mdFileName = ''; let mdhtml = ''; let relative_path = ''; if (mdPath) { // CSS/JS 引用相对地址 relative_path = '../'; - mdPathName = `/command/${desJson.n}.md`; - const READMESTR = await FS.readFile(path.resolve(mdPath, `${desJson.n}.md`)); + mdFileName = (desJson.p ? String(desJson.p).replace(/^\//, '') : sanitizeCommandName(desJson.n)); + mdPathName = `/command/${mdFileName}.md`; + const READMESTR = await FS.readFile(path.resolve(mdPath, `${mdFileName}.md`)); mdhtml = await markdownToHTML(READMESTR.toString()); } // 生成 HTML diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs index 58eb30f9304..0a1060cbb98 100644 --- a/template/contributors.ejs +++ b/template/contributors.ejs @@ -3,7 +3,8 @@

贡献者列表

- 小弟调调 + +小弟调调 ZhuangZhu-74 Mend Renovate Huck Huang @@ -11,168 +12,262 @@ L 圆头圆脑 clay-wangzhi -Glett 烟草的香味 -Jayin Tang +Glett 丛林意志 -Zijing Zhang -Fubin Zhang +Jayin Tang +Shan Chenyu __FresHmaN -谈笑风生间 +Fubin Zhang +Zijing Zhang +JiangHuDao ernest dulltackle +谈笑风生间 zyy2477 rgshare -loverainye +MioMuse +Jeremy2214 +SteveLauC James Wang -Lnkstls +Xrtero +YEUNGCHIE +duzhuoshanwai lavaicer -SteveLauC +loverainye Wang Yujia -alfred Qliangw 沙漠之子 +永恒 +alfred Shell -xhal +H Liu +will VVatt +jcdj666 gggwvg -Dazhuangw -Alterem -YH -YEUNGCHIE -Xrtero -Xingwen Zhang -Shan Chenyu -RichardLCD -Pan, Wen-Ming -FunKeen BingCoke +Abrillant Lee Ein Verne -leo -kid1412621 -kassadin -juemuren4449 +FunKeen +Skuld +Jinzhou Huang +KrisMagic +Hellof20 +QinShower +RichardLCD +Xingwen Zhang +YH +Alterem +Dazhuangw +cxalc +hululu1068 +illmons jqz3.tech -jcdj666 +juemuren4449 +kassadin +NanoNova +kmephistoh +leo lewis1573 linuxwd Ricardowang cole dufu miniwater -noodles2hg -nsnans -hululu1068 -huangyao -hotdogc1017 -gcluffy -ghy -gesty -gedune -gang.yang -ecjtusbs -dongpohezui -Deny +zyimm dayday -cxalc -Forever121 -c2ch -Yidan Wang -Wendy May -远方 -谢民皆 -Kyofin -老犁 -继刚 -移动的红烧肉 -极简XksA -ReZero -Loofra -Wei Xu -尘埃 -孤城落寞 +Deny +dongpohezui +ecjtusbs +focksor +gang.yang +gedune +geekeryy +gesty +ghy +giftzulu525-ship-it +githubwxz +gong-dx +hanwei +gcluffy +hotdogc1017 +Mr.BigBelly 七朔 -zyimm -zuixin369 -zoomdong -zodiac -zjlovezj -yanyx -Lingfeng Wang -weibk -UniqueDing -tutianyu101 -tangke -snovey -shuangcui -shc -sfwwslm -rexlin600 +孤城落寞 +尘埃 +Wei Xu +Loofra +扶苏如是 +ReZero +极简XksA +淘金的小宇 +移动的红烧肉 +继刚 +老犁 +Kyofin +谢民皆 +远方 +bycs +Yidan Wang +noodles2hg oliver -MinsonLee -Marnm -mwei -Wang -Lucien -Lix -LinuxZilong -Lin Wuxian -孟思行 -LexsionLee -Legend -LaudOak -Karl Horky -Nexchard -Jeremy2214 -Jack.A.Black +rexlin600 +gwj +shc +shuangcui +snovey +tangke +可爱软萌喵 +UniqueDing +waiwai +weibk +Lingfeng Wang +yanyx +zjlovezj +zodiac +zoomdong +zuixin369 Jack -Huntout Zhang -HighScorePlayer -Herbert8 -Guiying Li -Frankie -Divenire -Derek -Danny -DaYangtuo247 -Cui Yang -Azroy -Alan +Jack.A.Black +Jelly +Nexchard +Karl Horky +LaudOak +Legend +LexsionLee +hengli +Lin Wuxian +zlshi6 +Lix +Lucien +Wang +mwei +Marnm +MinsonLee 0x_000 -brinkqiang -bell -azureology -Ashine -amit794 -One Person’s Revelry -0Knot (0KN) -Yunbin Liu -Yan Sheng -Xu Chunyang -Xonline-Tech +AlenPann +azroy +Cui Yang +DYH1319 +DaYangtuo247 +Danny +Lucas Zhao +Divenire +Dongyan Qian +Everything-is-one +Frankie +Guiying Li +Hang +重劍無鋒 +HighScorePlayer +Huntout Zhang Xiaodong DENG -XBG -Wingrez -Na Meng -T-TRz879 -SunX -Spaghetti-C -RoachZhao -Azolla -SevenSteven -SMVirus -殇 -Rocher -Robigus -Rining Wu -Ray Yee -QinShower +Xonline-Tech +Xu Chunyang +Yan Sheng +Yunbin Liu +0Knot (0KN) +Zlanghu +One Person’s Revelry +amit794 +Ashine +azureology +bell +bestlaw66 +brinkqiang +c2ch +chaofan +Forever121 +Mystic Q.Ben Zheng -Mystic +Ray Yee +Rining Wu +Robigus +Rocher +殇 +SMVirus +SevenSteven +Azolla +RoachZhao +Spaghetti-C +SunX +T-TRz879 +Na Meng +Wingrez +XBG + + +

- 数据来源于 GitHub Contributors,使用action-contributors创建。 + 数据来源于 GitHub Contributors,使用 action-contributors 创建。

+

镜像网站

+ +

魔改网站

+
<%- include('widget/footer',{type: "list"}); %> <%- include('partial/footer'); %> diff --git a/template/img/doloffer.jpg b/template/img/doloffer.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..facbb38c321 Binary files /dev/null and b/template/img/doloffer.jpg differ diff --git a/template/img/fakey.png b/template/img/fakey.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d66e3771af5 Binary files /dev/null and b/template/img/fakey.png differ diff --git a/template/img/warp.png b/template/img/warp.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..50d50b17a87 Binary files /dev/null and b/template/img/warp.png differ diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl index f0cb0b04db5..d65069649f8 100644 --- a/template/styl/index.styl +++ b/template/styl/index.styl @@ -171,6 +171,19 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)" &.home { border-top 0 } + div { + font-size 12px + } + .ad a b {display:block;line-height: 1;} + .ad a {width:160px;} + .ad_title { + padding-top: 3rem; + } + .ad { + flex-wrap: wrap; + display: inline-flex; + gap: 1rem; + } } .header.home { .header_inner { @@ -282,6 +295,17 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)" a { font-weight: bold; } + .links { + display: inline-flex; + flex-wrap: wrap; + } + .links a { + background: var(--color-theme-bg); + height: 2.1rem; + border-radius: 0.3rem; + gap: 0.1rem; + padding: 0rem 0.5rem 0rem 0.4rem; + } } @media mq-mobile { diff --git a/template/widget/footer.ejs b/template/widget/footer.ejs index 966863110a6..53ae3809277 100644 --- a/template/widget/footer.ejs +++ b/template/widget/footer.ejs @@ -11,10 +11,29 @@ 打赏捐赠 | Github | 短地址:https://git.io/linux -
- 收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d -
共搜集到 - - <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%> - 个Linux命令,超过 50+ 贡献者 +
+ 收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d +
+ 共搜集到 + + <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%> + 个Linux命令,超过 50+ 贡献者 +
+
+ 镜像网站列表, + 推荐自己的镜像网站 +
+
+ 特别感谢: +
+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/template/widget/search.ejs b/template/widget/search.ejs index 35a8b55c5db..fbf67f3ba7e 100644 --- a/template/widget/search.ejs +++ b/template/widget/search.ejs @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
header_list<%}%><%if(type=='home'){%> home<%}%>">

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /