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Commit a9597d6

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cmagliealessio-perugini
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Updated and refined documentation (#2760)
* Cleared usage of identification properties * Expanded docs on default directories configuration * Refined platform specification on installation folder for platforms * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: Alessio Perugini <alessio@perugini.xyz> * Use real platforms in example * Apply code review suggestions * Fixed doc formatting, after upgrade of 'prettier' --------- Co-authored-by: Alessio Perugini <alessio@perugini.xyz>
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‎docs/CONTRIBUTING.md‎

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@@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ changes in the generated code.
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### Additional settings
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If you need to push a commit that's only shipping documentation changes or example files, thus a complete no-op for the
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test suite, please start the commit message with the string **[skip ci]** to skip the build and give that slot to someone
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else who does need it.
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test suite, please start the commit message with the string **[skip ci]** to skip the build and give that slot to
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someone else who does need it.
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If your PR doesn't need to be included in the changelog, please start the commit message and PR title with the string
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**[skip changelog]**

‎docs/configuration.md‎

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- `data` - directory used to store Boards/Library Manager index files and Boards Manager platform installations.
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- `downloads` - directory used to stage downloaded archives during Boards/Library Manager installations.
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- `user` - the equivalent of the Arduino IDE's ["sketchbook" directory][sketchbook directory]. Library Manager
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installations are made to the `libraries` subdirectory of the user directory.
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installations are made to the `libraries` subdirectory of the user directory. Users can manually install 3rd party
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platforms in the `hardware` subdirectory of the user directory.
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- `builtin.libraries` - the libraries in this directory will be available to all platforms without the need for the
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user to install them, but with the lowest priority over other installed libraries with the same name, it's the
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equivalent of the Arduino IDE's bundled libraries directory.
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- `network` - configuration options related to the network connection.
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- `proxy` - URL of the proxy server.
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### Default directories
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The following are the default directories selected by the Arduino CLI if alternatives are not specified in the
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configuration file.
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- The `directories.data` default is OS-dependent:
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- on Linux (and other Unix-based OS) is: `{HOME}/.arduino15`
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- on Windows is: `{HOME}/AppData/Local/Arduino15`
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- on MacOS is: `{HOME}/Library/Arduino15`
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- The `directories.download` default is `{directories.data}/staging`. If the value of `{directories.data}` is changed in
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the configuration the user-specified value will be used.
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- The `directories.user` default is OS-dependent:
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- on Linux (and other Unix-based OS) is: `{HOME}/Arduino`
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- on Windows is: `{DOCUMENTS}/Arduino`
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- on MacOS is: `{HOME}/Documents/Arduino`
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## Configuration methods
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Arduino CLI may be configured in three ways:

‎docs/integration-options.md‎

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@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ The Arduino CLI is an open source Command Line Application written in [Golang] t
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compile, verify and upload sketches to Arduino boards and that’s capable of managing all the software and tools needed
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in the process. But don’t get fooled by its name: Arduino CLI can do much more than the average console application, as
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shown by [Arduino IDE 2.x][arduino ide 2.x] and [Arduino Cloud], which rely on it for similar purposes but each one in a
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completely different way from the other. In this article we introduce the three pillars of the Arduino CLI, explaining how
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we designed the software so that it can be effectively leveraged under different scenarios.
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completely different way from the other. In this article we introduce the three pillars of the Arduino CLI, explaining
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how we designed the software so that it can be effectively leveraged under different scenarios.
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## The first pillar: command line interface
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```
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Even if not related to software design, one last feature that’s worth mentioning is the availability of a one-line
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[installation script] that can be used to make the latest version of the Arduino CLI available on most systems with an HTTP
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client like curl or wget and a shell like bash.
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[installation script] that can be used to make the latest version of the Arduino CLI available on most systems with an
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HTTP client like curl or wget and a shell like bash.
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For more information on Arduino CLI's command line interface, see the [command reference].
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## The second pillar: gRPC interface
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[gRPC] is a high performance [RPC] framework that can efficiently connect client and server applications. The Arduino
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CLI can act as a gRPC server (we call it [daemon mode]), exposing a set of procedures that implement the very same set of
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features of the command line interface and waiting for clients to connect and use them. To give an idea, the following is
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some [Golang] code capable of retrieving the version number of a remote running Arduino CLI server instance:
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CLI can act as a gRPC server (we call it [daemon mode]), exposing a set of procedures that implement the very same set
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of features of the command line interface and waiting for clients to connect and use them. To give an idea, the
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following is some [Golang] code capable of retrieving the version number of a remote running Arduino CLI server
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instance:
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```go
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// This file is part of arduino-cli.
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offered by the Arduino CLI, so that when we provide a fix or a new feature, they are automatically available to both the
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command line and gRPC interfaces. The source modules implementing this API are implemented through the `commands`
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package, and it can be imported in other Golang programs to embed a full-fledged Arduino CLI. For example, this is how
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some backend services powering [Arduino Cloud] can compile sketches and manage libraries. Just to give you a taste of what
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it means to embed the Arduino CLI, here is how to search for a core using the API:
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some backend services powering [Arduino Cloud] can compile sketches and manage libraries. Just to give you a taste of
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what it means to embed the Arduino CLI, here is how to search for a core using the API:
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```go
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// This file is part of arduino-cli.
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You can start playing with the Arduino CLI right away. The code is open source and [the repo][arduino cli repository]
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contains [example code showing how to implement a gRPC client][grpc client example]. If you’re curious about how we
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designed the low level API, have a look at the [commands package] and don’t hesitate to leave feedback on the [issue
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tracker]
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if you’ve got a use case that doesn’t fit one of the three pillars.
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tracker] if you’ve got a use case that doesn’t fit one of the three pillars.
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[golang]: https://go.dev/
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[arduino ide 2.x]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-ide

‎docs/platform-specification.md‎

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[Boards Manager](package_index_json-specification.md) or manual installation to the _hardware_ folder of Arduino's
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sketchbook folder (AKA "user directory").<br> A platform may consist of as little as a single configuration file.
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## Hardware Folders structure
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## Platform installation directories
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The new hardware folders have a hierarchical structure organized in two levels:
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If the platforms are installed using the Board Manager the installation directory location will be as follow:
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- the first level is the vendor/maintainer
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- the second level is the supported architecture
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`{directories.data}/packages/{VENDOR_NAME}/hardware/{ARCHITECTURE}/{VERSION}/...`
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A vendor/maintainer can have multiple supported architectures. For example, below we have three hardware vendors called
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"arduino", "yyyyy" and "xxxxx":
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- `{directories.data}` is the data directory as specified in the
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[configuration file](configuration.md#default-directories).
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- `{VENDOR_NAME}` is the identifier of the vendor/maintainer of the platform.
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- `{ARCHITECTURE}` is the architecture of the CPU used in the platform.
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- `{VERSION}` is the platform version.
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Alternatively, a platform may be manually installed by the user inside the Sketchbook/user directory as follows:
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`{directories.user}/hardware/{VENDOR_NAME}/{ARCHITECTURE}/...`
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- `{directories.user}` is the user directory as specified in the
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[configuration file](configuration.md#default-directories).
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- `{VENDOR_NAME}` is the identifier of the vendor/maintainer of the platform.
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- `{ARCHITECTURE}` is the architecture of the CPU used in the platform.
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A vendor/maintainer may have multiple supported architectures.
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Let's see an example, below we have a bunch of platforms downloaded from three hardware vendors `arduino`, `adafruit`
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and `esp32`, and installed using the Board Manager:
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```
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{directories.data}/packages/arduino/hardware/avr/1.8.6/...
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{directories.data}/packages/arduino/hardware/esp32/2.0.18-arduino.5/...
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{directories.data}/packages/arduino/hardware/nrf52/1.4.5/...
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{directories.data}/packages/adafruit/hardware/nrf52/1.6.1/...
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{directories.data}/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.7/...
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```
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hardware/arduino/avr/... - Arduino - AVR Boards
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hardware/arduino/sam/... - Arduino - SAM (32bit ARM) Boards
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hardware/yyyyy/avr/... - Yyy - AVR
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hardware/xxxxx/avr/... - Xxx - AVR
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In this example three architectures have been installed from the vendor `arduino` (`avr`, `esp32` and `nrf52`), and one
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from `adafruit` and `esp32` (`nrf52` and `esp32` respectively). Note that the vendor `esp32` has the same name as the
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architecture `esp32`.
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If the user manually installed the same platforms, they should have unpacked them in the following directories:
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```
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{directories.user}/hardware/arduino/avr/...
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{directories.user}/hardware/arduino/esp32/...
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{directories.user}/hardware/arduino/nrf52/...
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{directories.user}/hardware/adafruit/nrf52/...
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{directories.user}/hardware/esp32/esp32/...
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```
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In this latter case the version must be omitted.
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The vendor "arduino" has two supported architectures (AVR and SAM), while "xxxxx" and "yyyyy" have only AVR.
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### Notes about choosing the architecture name
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Architecture values are case sensitive (e.g. `AVR` != `avr`).
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If possible, follow existing architecture name conventions when creating hardware packages. Use the vendor folder name
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to differentiate your package. The architecture folder name is used to determine library compatibility and to permit
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referencing resources from another core of the same architecture, so use of a non-standard architecture name can have a
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harmful effect.
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Platform developers should follow the existing architecture name conventions when creating hardware packages, if you
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need to differentiate your package use the vendor/maintainer folder name to do so.
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The architecture name is used to determine the libraries compatibility and to permit referencing resources from another
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platform of the same architecture. Use of a non-standard architecture name can have a harmful effect.
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## Architecture configurations
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‎docs/pluggable-discovery-specification.md‎

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"candidate" board attached to that port.
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Some port `properties` may not be precise enough to uniquely identify a board, in that case more boards may match the
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same set of `properties`, that's why we called it "candidate".
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same set of `properties`, that's why we called it "candidate". The board identification properties should be used only
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if they allows to match the board model beyond any doubt.
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Let's see an example to clarify things a bit, let's suppose that we have the following `properties` coming from the
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serial discovery:
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will match on both `pears=20, apples=30` and `pears=30, apples=40` but not `pears=20, apples=40`, in that sense each
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"set" of identification properties is independent from each other and cannot be mixed for port matching.
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#### An important note about `vid` and `pid`
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The board identification properties should be used only if they allows to match the board model beyond any doubt.
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Sometimes a board do not expose a unique vid/pid combination, this is the case for example if a USB-2-serial converter
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chip is used (like the omnipresent FT232 or CH340): those chips exposes their specific vid/pid that will be the same for
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all the other boards using the same chip. In such cases the board identification properties should NOT be used.
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#### Identification of board options
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[Custom board options](platform-specification.md#custom-board-options) can also be identified.

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