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Commit a1cb1da

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[C]增加了第9章类的相关操作,包括实例话,属性值的修改,函数声明和调用,还有类的导入操作。
Signed-off-by: VincentJ <im.vincentj@gmail.com>
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‎.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml‎

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‎chapter6/confirmed_users.py‎

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confirmed_users.append(current_user)
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# 显示所有已验证的用户
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print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
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for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
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print(confirmed_user.title())
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‎chapter7/trans_array.py‎

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# 传递列表
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def greet_users(names):
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for name in names:
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print('Hello,' + name)

‎chapter8/Car.py‎

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class Car:
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"""一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
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def __init__(self, make, model, year):
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"""初始化描述汽车的属性"""
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self.make = make
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self.model = model
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self.year = year
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# 设置默认属性值
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self.odometer_reading = 0
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# 提供外部更新内部属性的函数
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def update_odometer(self, mileage):
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"""
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将里程表读数设置为指定的值
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禁止将里程表读数往回调
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"""
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if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
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self.odometer_reading = mileage
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else:
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print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
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def get_descriptive_name(self):
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"""返回整洁的描述性信息"""
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long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
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return long_name
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def read_odometer(self):
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"""打印一条指出汽车里程的消息"""
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print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
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# 继承父类,使用super实例化
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class ElectricCar(Car):
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def __init__(self, make, model, year):
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super().__init__(make, model, year)
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# 子类特有的属性
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self.battery_size = 70
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# 类作为属性的一部分
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self.battery = Battery()
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def read_odometer(self):
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# 重写父类函数
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print("override func")
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class Battery:
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"""一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""
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def __init__(self, battery_size=70):
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"""初始化电瓶的属性"""
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self.battery_size = battery_size
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def describe_battery(self):
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"""打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
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print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")

‎chapter8/ClassRun.py‎

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# 从一个模块导入一个类,多个类
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from chapter8.Car import Car, ElectricCar
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# 导入整个模块
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# import chapter8.Car
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# 从一个模块导入所有类
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# from chapter8.Car import *
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from chapter8.Dog import Dog
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my_dog = Dog("haha", 6)
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print("My dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title() + '.')
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print("My dog's age is " + str(my_dog.age) + '.')
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my_dog.roll_over()
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my_dog.sit()
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my_car = Car('audi', 'a4', 2016)
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print(my_car.get_descriptive_name())
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my_car.read_odometer()
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# 直接修改属性值
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my_car.odometer_reading = 100
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my_car.read_odometer()
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# 通过函数进行修改属性会
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my_car.update_odometer(200)
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my_car.read_odometer()
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my_elecar = ElectricCar('tesla', 'a9', 2018)
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print(my_elecar.get_descriptive_name())

‎chapter8/Dog.py‎

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class Dog:
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"""一次模拟小狗的简单尝试"""
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# 这是2个下划线
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def __init__(self, name, age):
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"""初始化属性name和age"""
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self.name = name
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self.age = age
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def sit(self):
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"""模拟小狗坐下"""
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print(self.name.title() + ' is now sitting.')
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def roll_over(self):
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"""模拟小狗翻滚"""
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print(self.name.title() + ' is rolling over.')

‎chapter8/tip‎

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类编码风格
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1.你必须熟悉有些与类相关的编码风格问题, 在你编写的程序较复杂时尤其如此。
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2.类名应采用驼峰命名法 , 即将类名中的每个单词的首字母都大写, 而不使用下划线。 实例名和模块名都采用小写格式, 并在单词之间加上下划线。
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3.对于每个类, 都应紧跟在类定义后面包含一个文档字符串。 这种文档字符串简要地描述类的功能, 并遵循编写函数的文档字符串时采用的格式约定。 每个模块也都应包含一个文
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档字符串, 对其中的类可用于做什么进行描述。
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4.可使用空行来组织代码, 但不要滥用。 在类中, 可使用一个空行来分隔方法; 而在模块中, 可使用两个空行来分隔类。
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5.需要同时导入标准库中的模块和你编写的模块时, 先编写导入标准库模块的import 语句, 再添加一个空行, 然后编写导入你自己编写的模块的import 语句。 在包含多
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条import 语句的程序中, 这种做法让人更容易明白程序使用的各个模块都来自何方。

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