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Commit 1bedf6f

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author
VincentJ
committed
[C]增加了关于函数的一些使用--定义、传参、返回值、引用等.
Signed-off-by: VincentJ <rogue1990@163.com>
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‎chapter7/function.py‎

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# 函数
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def greet_user():
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# 文档字符串 ( docstring) 的注释, 描述了函数是做什么的。 文档字符串用三引号括
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# 起, Python使用它们来生成有关程序中函数的文档
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"""显示简单的问候语"""
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print("Hello Python")
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greet_user()
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# 带形参的函数
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def say_hello_2_someone(user_name):
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"""传入名字"""
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print('Hello ' + user_name)
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say_hello_2_someone("John")
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# 最简单的关联方式是基于实参的顺序。 这种关联方式被称为位置实参
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def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
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"""显示宠物的信息"""
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print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
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print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")
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describe_pet('hamster', 'harry')
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# 可以多次调用
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describe_pet('dog', 'willie')
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# 关键字实参 --是传递给函数的名称—值对
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print("关键字实参")
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describe_pet(animal_type='hamster', pet_name='harry')
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describe_pet(pet_name='harry', animal_type='hamster')
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# 编写函数时, 可给每个形参指定默认值
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# 使用默认值时, 在形参列表中必须先列出没有默认值的形参, 再列出有默认值的实参。 这让Python依然能够正确地解读位置实参。
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def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog'):
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"""显示宠物的信息"""
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print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
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print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")
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describe_pet(pet_name='willie')

‎chapter7/function_return.py‎

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# 函数返回值
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# 返回简单值
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def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name):
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full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
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return full_name.title()
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musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendrix')
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print(musician)
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# 让实参变成可选的---中间使用''默认实现
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def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name=''):
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"""返回整洁的姓名"""
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if middle_name:
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full_name = first_name + ' ' + middle_name + ' ' + last_name
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else:
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full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
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return full_name.title()
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musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendrix')
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print(musician)
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musician = get_formatted_name('john', 'hooker', 'lee')
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print(musician)
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# 返回字典
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def build_person(first_name, last_name):
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"""返回一个字典, 其中包含有关一个人的信息"""
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person = {'first': first_name, 'last': last_name}
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return person
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musician = build_person('jimi', 'hendrix')
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print(musician)
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# 结合使用函数和while 循环
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def greet(first_name, last_name):
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full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
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return full_name.title()
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while True:
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print("\n Please tell your name:")
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fir_name = input("Input your first name:")
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las_name = input("Input your last name:")
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greetStr = greet(fir_name, las_name)
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print("Hello," + greetStr)
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def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
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"""概述要制作的比萨"""
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print("\nMaking a " + str(size) +
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"-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
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for topping in toppings:
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print("- " + topping)
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# 保存函数到模块中
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# 1.导入整个模块
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# import pizza
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# pizza.make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
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# pizza.make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
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# 导入特定的函数
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# from pizza import make_pizza
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# make_pizza(16,'aa')
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# 使用as 给函数指定别名,同样的也有:使用as 给模块指定别名
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# from pizza import make_pizza as do_pizza
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# do_pizza(12, 'banana')
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# 导入模块中的所有函数
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# from pizza import *

‎chapter7/tips‎

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函数编写指南
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1.给函数指定描述性名称, 且只在其中使用小写字母和下划线;
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2.每个函数都应包含简要地阐述其功能的注释, 该注释应紧跟在函数定义后面, 并采用文档字符串格式;
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3.给形参指定默认值时, 等号两边不要有空格,对于函数调用中的关键字实参,也一样适用;
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4.PEP 8( https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ ) 建议代码行的长度不要超过79字符;
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5.如果程序或模块包含多个函数, 可使用两个空行将相邻的函数分开, 这样将更容易知道前一个函数在什么地方结束, 下一个函数从什么地方开始。
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6.所有的import 语句都应放在文件开头, 唯一例外的情形是, 在文件开头使用了注释来描述整个程序。

‎chapter7/trans_any_obj.py‎

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# 传递任意数量的实参--类比JDK1.5引入的不定参数
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# 空元组--toppings
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def make_pizza(*toppings):
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"""打印Pizza"""
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print(toppings)
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for topping in toppings:
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print('--' + topping)
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make_pizza('pepperoni')
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make_pizza('mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
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# 结合使用位置实参和任意数量实参
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# 如果要让函数接受不同类型的实参, 必须在函数定义中将接纳任意数量实参的形参放在最后。
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def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
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"""概述要制作的比萨"""
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print("\nMaking a " + str(size) +
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"-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
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for topping in toppings:
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print("- " + topping)
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make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
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make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
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# 使用任意数量的关键字实参
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# **info--空字典
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def build_profile(first, last, **info):
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"""创建一个字典来保存客户信息"""
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profile = {'first_name': first, 'last_name': last}
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for key, value in info.items():
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profile[key] = value
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return profile
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user_profile = build_profile('albert', 'einstein',
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location='princeton', field='physics')
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print(user_profile)

‎chapter7/trans_array.py‎

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# 传递列表
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def greet_users(names):
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for name in names:
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print('Hello,' + name)
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users = ['Lily', 'Tom', 'Jerry']
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greet_users(users)
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# 在函数中修改列表
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old_data = ["a", 'b', 'c']
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new_data = []
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def change(values):
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while values:
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new_data.append(values.pop())
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change(old_data)
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print(new_data)
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print(old_data)
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# 有时需要禁止函数修改列表--永久性的
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old = ['1', '2', '3']
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new = []
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def stay_same(nums):
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while nums:
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new.append(nums.pop())
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stay_same(old[:])
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print(new)
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print(old)

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