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Commit bed1f5c

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‎CH9/Checkpoints

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#9.1
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turtle module is used for drawing geometric shapes. Turtle is easy to use and is an
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effective pedagogical tool for introducing the fundamentals of programming to beginners.
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However, you cannot use turtle to create graphical user interfaces.
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Tkinter enables you to develop GUI programs and is an excellent pedagogical tool for
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learning object-oriented programming.
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#9.2
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window = Tk() # Create a window
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#9.3
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Tkinter GUI programming is event driven. After the user interface is displayed, the program
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waits for user interactions such as mouse clicks and key presses, this is achieved by window.mainloop().
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#9.4
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The first argument of a widget class is always the
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parent container (i.e., the container in which the widget will be placed).
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#9.5
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For binding method to handler of the widget.
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#9.6
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lbl = Label(window,text = "welcome",fg ="white",bg ="red")
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#9.7
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btn = Button(window,text = "OK",fg = "white",bg="red",command= self.processOK)
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#9.8
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cb = Checkbutton(window,text = "apple", fg = "white",bg="red", variable = self.v1 , command = self.processApple )
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#9.9
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rb = Radiobutton(window, text = "senior", fg = "white", bg = "red", variable = v1, command = processSenior)
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#9.10
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ent = Entry(window,fg = "white", bg = "red", variable = v1)
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#9.11
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msg = Message(window, text = "programming is fun", fg = "white", bg = "red")
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#9.12
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from tkinter import *
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print(LEFT)
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print(RIGHT)
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print(CENTER)
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#9.13
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canvas.create_line(34, 50, 50, 90)
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#9.14
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canvas.create_rectangle(70-50, 70-50, 70+50, 70+50,fill="red")
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#9.15
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canvas.create_oval(70 – 100, 70 - 50, 70 + 100, 70 + 50, fill = "red")
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#9.16
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canvas.create_arc(10, 10, 80, 80, start=30, extent = 45)
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#9.17
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canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 15, 30, 140, 10, 10, 100)
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#9.18
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Using width argument to specify pen size in pixels
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#9.19
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The arrow argument can be used with create_line to draw an arrowed line.
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The arrow can appear at the start, end, or both ends of the line with argument value "first", "end", or "both".
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#9.20
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The activefill argument makes the shape change color when you move the mouse over it.
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#9.21
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Should identify parameter name, button.pack(side = LEFT)
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#9.22
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Grid
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#9.23
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The place manager is not compatible with all computers
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#9.24
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import tkinter
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print(X)
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print(Y)
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print(BOTH)
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print(S)
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print(N)
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print(E)
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print(W)
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print(NW)
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print(NE)
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print(SW)
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print(SE)
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#9.25
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GIF only.
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#9.26
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should be: image = PhotoImage(file = "image/us.gif")
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#9.27
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img = PhotoImage(file = "c:\\pybook\\image\canada.gif")
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btn = Button(window,image = img)
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#9.28
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menubar = Menu(window)
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window.config(menu = menubar)
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#9.29
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menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)
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#9.30
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canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.p())
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#9.31
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<Bi-Motion>
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#9.32
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<Double-Button-1>
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#9.33
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<Tripple-Button-2>
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#9.34
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event
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#9.35
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event.x and event.y
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#9.36
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event.char
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#9.37
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canvas.sleep(milliseconds)
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#9.38
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canvas.update()
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#9.39
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Text, Canvas, Listbox
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#9.40
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Here is an example to associate a Text with a scrollbar.
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text = Text(frame1, width = 40, height = 10, wrap = WORD,
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yscrollcommand = scrollbar.set)
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text.pack()
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scrollbar.config(command = text.yview)
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#9.41
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tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("showinfo", "Welcome to Python")
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#9.42
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age = tkinter.simpledialog.askinteger(
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"askinteger", "Enter your ages")
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print(age)
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weight = tkinter.simpledialog.askfloat(
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"askfloat", "Enter your weight")
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print(weight)
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name = tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(
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"askstring", "Enter your name")
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print(name)
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‎CH9/EX9.1.py

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# 9.1 (Move the ball) Write a program that moves a ball in a panel. You should define a
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# panel class for displaying the ball and provide the methods for moving the ball
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# left, right, up, and down, as shown in Figure 9.22a. Check the boundaries to prevent
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# the ball from moving out of sight completely.
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from tkinter import *
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class Demo:
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def __init__(self):
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window = Tk()
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self.canvas = Canvas(window, width=500, height=500, bg="white")
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self.canvas.pack()
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self.circle = self.canvas.create_oval(100, 100, 150, 150, fill="red")
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frame = Frame(window)
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self.var = IntVar()
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lBtn = Button(frame, text="Left", command=self.moveLeft).grid(row=1, column=1)
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rBtn = Button(frame, text="right", command=self.moveRight).grid(row=1, column=2)
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uBtn = Button(frame, text="up", command=self.moveUp).grid(row=1, column=3)
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dBtn = Button(frame, text="down", command=self.moveDown).grid(row=1, column=4)
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frame.pack()
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window.mainloop()
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def moveLeft(self):
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.canvas.coords(self.circle)
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if x1 > 0:
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self.canvas.move(self.circle, -5, 0)
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def moveRight(self):
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.canvas.coords(self.circle)
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if x1 < 450:
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self.canvas.move(self.circle, 5, 0)
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def moveUp(self):
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.canvas.coords(self.circle)
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if y1 > 0:
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self.canvas.move(self.circle, 0, -5)
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def moveDown(self):
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.canvas.coords(self.circle)
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if y1 < 450:
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self.canvas.move(self.circle, 0, 5)
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Demo()

‎CH9/EX9.10.py

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# 9.10 (Display a pie chart) Write a program that uses a pie chart to display the percentages
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# of the overall grade represented by the project, quizzes, the midterm exam,
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# and the final exam, as shown in Figure 9.26b. Suppose that project is weighted as
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# 20 percent of the grade and is displayed in red, quizzes are 10 percent and are displayed
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# in blue, the midterm exam is 30 percent and is displayed in green, and the
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# final exam is 40 percent and is displayed in orange.
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from tkinter import * # Import tkinter
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import math
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radius = 100
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width = 300
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height = 300
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class MainGUI:
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def drawAPie(self, start, extent, color, title):
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self.canvas.create_arc(width / 2 - radius, height / 2 - radius,
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width / 2 + radius, height / 2 + radius,
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start=start, extent=extent, fill=color)
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x = width / 2 + radius * math.cos(math.radians(extent / 2 + start))
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y = height / 2 - radius * math.sin(math.radians(extent / 2 + start))
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self.canvas.create_text(x, y, text=title)
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def __init__(self):
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window = Tk() # Create a window
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window.title("Pie Chart") # Set a title
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self.canvas = Canvas(window, bg="white", width=width, height=height)
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self.canvas.pack()
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self.drawAPie(0, 360 * 0.2, "red", "Project -- 20%")
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self.drawAPie(360 * 0.2, 360 * 0.1, "blue", "Quizzes -- 10%")
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self.drawAPie(360 * 0.2 + 360 * 0.1, 360 * 0.3, "green", "Midterm -- 30%")
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self.drawAPie(360 * 0.2 + 360 * 0.1 + 360 * 0.3, 360 * 0.4, "orange", "Final -- 40%")
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window.mainloop() # Create an event loop
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MainGUI()

‎CH9/EX9.11.py

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# 9.11 (Display a clock) Write a program that displays a clock to show the current time,
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# as shown in Figure 9.27a. To obtain the current time, use the datetime class in
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# Supplement II.B.
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from datetime import datetime
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from tkinter import *
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now = datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
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window = Tk()
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c = Canvas(window, width=500, height=500, bg="white")
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c.pack()
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c.create_oval(50, 50, 450, 450)
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c.create_text(250, 50, text="12")
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c.create_text(50, 250, text="9")
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c.create_text(450, 250, text="3")
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c.create_text(250, 450, text="6")
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c.create_text(250, 470, text=now)
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c.create_line(250,250,100,160,width=2)
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c.create_line(250,250,230,360,width="3")
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c.create_line(250,250,300,300)
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window.mainloop()

‎CH9/EX9.12.py

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# 9.12 (Alternate two messages) Write a program to change, with a left mouse click,
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# between two messages displayed on a canvas, "Programming is fun" and "It is fun
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# to program," as shown in Figure 9.27b–c.
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from tkinter import * # Import tkinter
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width = 220
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height = 100
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class MainGUI:
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def __init__(self):
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window = Tk() # Create a window
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window.title("Rotating Message") # Set a title
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self.on = False
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self.canvas = Canvas(window, bg="white", width=width, height=height)
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self.canvas.pack()
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self.canvas.create_text(width / 2, height / 2, text="Programming is fun", tags="text")
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# Bind canvas with mouse events
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self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.rotate)
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window.mainloop() # Create an event loop
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def rotate(self, event):
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self.canvas.delete("text")
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if self.on:
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self.canvas.create_text(width / 2, height / 2, text="Programming is fun", tags="text")
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else:
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self.canvas.create_text(width / 2, height / 2, text="It is fun to program", tags="text")
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self.on = not self.on
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MainGUI()

‎CH9/EX9.13.py

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# 9.13 (Display the mouse position) Write two programs: one that displays the mouse
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# position when the mouse is clicked (see Figure 9.28a–b), and the other displays
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# the mouse position when the mouse button is pressed and ceases to display it when
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# the mouse button is released.
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from tkinter import *
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class MainGUI1:
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def __init__(self):
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window = Tk()
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self.canvas = Canvas(window, bg="white", width=300, height=300)
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self.canvas.pack()
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self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.dispPos)
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window.mainloop()
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def dispPos(self, event):
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self.canvas.delete("txt")
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x = event.x
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y = event.y
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txt = "(" + str(x) + " , " + str(y) + ")"
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self.canvas.create_text(x, y, text=txt, tags="txt")
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class MainGUI2:
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def __init__(self):
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window = Tk()
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self.canvas = Canvas(window, bg="white", width=300, height=300)
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self.canvas.pack()
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self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.dispPos)
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self.canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.deletPos)
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window.mainloop()
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def dispPos(self, event):
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x = event.x
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y = event.y
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txt = "(" + str(x) + " , " + str(y) + ")"
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self.canvas.create_text(x, y, text=txt, tags="txt")
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def deletPos(self, event):
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self.canvas.delete("txt")
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MainGUI2()

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