#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Build a half-adder quantum circuit that takes two bits as input,
encodes them into qubits, then runs the half-adder circuit calculating
the sum and carry qubits, observed over 1000 runs of the experiment
.

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder_(electronics)
https://qiskit.org/textbook/ch-states/atoms-computation.html#4.2-Remembering-how-to-add-
"""

import qiskit as q


def half_adder(bit0: int, bit1: int) -> q.result.counts.Counts:
 """
 >>> half_adder(0, 0)
 {'00': 1000}
 >>> half_adder(0, 1)
 {'01': 1000}
 >>> half_adder(1, 0)
 {'01': 1000}
 >>> half_adder(1, 1)
 {'10': 1000}
 """
 # Use Aer's qasm_simulator
 simulator = q.Aer.get_backend("qasm_simulator")

 qc_ha = q.QuantumCircuit(4, 2)
 # encode inputs in qubits 0 and 1
 if bit0 == 1:
 qc_ha.x(0)
 if bit1 == 1:
 qc_ha.x(1)
 qc_ha.barrier()

 # use cnots to write XOR of the inputs on qubit2
 qc_ha.cx(0, 2)
 qc_ha.cx(1, 2)

 # use ccx / toffoli gate to write AND of the inputs on qubit3
 qc_ha.ccx(0, 1, 3)
 qc_ha.barrier()

 # extract outputs
 qc_ha.measure(2, 0) # extract XOR value
 qc_ha.measure(3, 1) # extract AND value

 # Execute the circuit on the qasm simulator
 job = q.execute(qc_ha, simulator, shots=1000)

 # Return the histogram data of the results of the experiment.
 return job.result().get_counts(qc_ha)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 counts = half_adder(1, 1)
 print(f"Half Adder Output Qubit Counts: {counts}")