"""
Find the area of various geometric shapes
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area
"""

from math import pi, sqrt, tan


def surface_area_cube(side_length: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the Surface Area of a Cube.

 >>> surface_area_cube(1)
 6
 >>> surface_area_cube(1.6)
 15.360000000000003
 >>> surface_area_cube(0)
 0
 >>> surface_area_cube(3)
 54
 >>> surface_area_cube(-1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cube() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if side_length < 0:
 raise ValueError("surface_area_cube() only accepts non-negative values")
 return 6 * side_length**2


def surface_area_cuboid(length: float, breadth: float, height: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the Surface Area of a Cuboid.

 >>> surface_area_cuboid(1, 2, 3)
 22
 >>> surface_area_cuboid(0, 0, 0)
 0
 >>> surface_area_cuboid(1.6, 2.6, 3.6)
 38.56
 >>> surface_area_cuboid(-1, 2, 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_cuboid(1, -2, 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_cuboid(1, 2, -3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if length < 0 or breadth < 0 or height < 0:
 raise ValueError("surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values")
 return 2 * ((length * breadth) + (breadth * height) + (length * height))


def surface_area_sphere(radius: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the Surface Area of a Sphere.
 Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere
 Formula: 4 * pi * r^2

 >>> surface_area_sphere(5)
 314.1592653589793
 >>> surface_area_sphere(1)
 12.566370614359172
 >>> surface_area_sphere(1.6)
 32.169908772759484
 >>> surface_area_sphere(0)
 0.0
 >>> surface_area_sphere(-1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_sphere() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if radius < 0:
 raise ValueError("surface_area_sphere() only accepts non-negative values")
 return 4 * pi * radius**2


def surface_area_hemisphere(radius: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the Surface Area of a Hemisphere.
 Formula: 3 * pi * r^2

 >>> surface_area_hemisphere(5)
 235.61944901923448
 >>> surface_area_hemisphere(1)
 9.42477796076938
 >>> surface_area_hemisphere(0)
 0.0
 >>> surface_area_hemisphere(1.1)
 11.40398133253095
 >>> surface_area_hemisphere(-1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if radius < 0:
 raise ValueError("surface_area_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values")
 return 3 * pi * radius**2


def surface_area_cone(radius: float, height: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the Surface Area of a Cone.
 Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone
 Formula: pi * r * (r + (h ** 2 + r ** 2) ** 0.5)

 >>> surface_area_cone(10, 24)
 1130.9733552923256
 >>> surface_area_cone(6, 8)
 301.59289474462014
 >>> surface_area_cone(1.6, 2.6)
 23.387862992395807
 >>> surface_area_cone(0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> surface_area_cone(-1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_cone(1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_cone(-1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if radius < 0 or height < 0:
 raise ValueError("surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values")
 return pi * radius * (radius + (height**2 + radius**2) ** 0.5)


def surface_area_conical_frustum(
 radius_1: float, radius_2: float, height: float
) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the Surface Area of a Conical Frustum.

 >>> surface_area_conical_frustum(1, 2, 3)
 45.511728065337266
 >>> surface_area_conical_frustum(4, 5, 6)
 300.7913575056268
 >>> surface_area_conical_frustum(0, 0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> surface_area_conical_frustum(1.6, 2.6, 3.6)
 78.57907060751548
 >>> surface_area_conical_frustum(-1, 2, 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_conical_frustum(1, -2, 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_conical_frustum(1, 2, -3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if radius_1 < 0 or radius_2 < 0 or height < 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values"
 )
 slant_height = (height**2 + (radius_1 - radius_2) ** 2) ** 0.5
 return pi * ((slant_height * (radius_1 + radius_2)) + radius_1**2 + radius_2**2)


def surface_area_cylinder(radius: float, height: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the Surface Area of a Cylinder.
 Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder
 Formula: 2 * pi * r * (h + r)

 >>> surface_area_cylinder(7, 10)
 747.6990515543707
 >>> surface_area_cylinder(1.6, 2.6)
 42.22300526424682
 >>> surface_area_cylinder(0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> surface_area_cylinder(6, 8)
 527.7875658030853
 >>> surface_area_cylinder(-1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_cylinder(1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_cylinder(-1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if radius < 0 or height < 0:
 raise ValueError("surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values")
 return 2 * pi * radius * (height + radius)


def surface_area_torus(torus_radius: float, tube_radius: float) -> float:
 """Calculate the Area of a Torus.
 Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus
 :return 4pi^2 * torus_radius * tube_radius
 >>> surface_area_torus(1, 1)
 39.47841760435743
 >>> surface_area_torus(4, 3)
 473.7410112522892
 >>> surface_area_torus(3, 4)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_torus() does not support spindle or self intersecting tori
 >>> surface_area_torus(1.6, 1.6)
 101.06474906715503
 >>> surface_area_torus(0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> surface_area_torus(-1, 1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_torus() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> surface_area_torus(1, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: surface_area_torus() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
 raise ValueError("surface_area_torus() only accepts non-negative values")
 if torus_radius < tube_radius:
 raise ValueError(
 "surface_area_torus() does not support spindle or self intersecting tori"
 )
 return 4 * pow(pi, 2) * torus_radius * tube_radius


def area_rectangle(length: float, width: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a rectangle.

 >>> area_rectangle(10, 20)
 200
 >>> area_rectangle(1.6, 2.6)
 4.16
 >>> area_rectangle(0, 0)
 0
 >>> area_rectangle(-1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_rectangle(1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_rectangle(-1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if length < 0 or width < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values")
 return length * width


def area_square(side_length: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a square.

 >>> area_square(10)
 100
 >>> area_square(0)
 0
 >>> area_square(1.6)
 2.5600000000000005
 >>> area_square(-1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_square() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if side_length < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_square() only accepts non-negative values")
 return side_length**2


def area_triangle(base: float, height: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a triangle given the base and height.

 >>> area_triangle(10, 10)
 50.0
 >>> area_triangle(1.6, 2.6)
 2.08
 >>> area_triangle(0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> area_triangle(-1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_triangle(1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_triangle(-1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if base < 0 or height < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values")
 return (base * height) / 2


def area_triangle_three_sides(side1: float, side2: float, side3: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate area of triangle when the length of 3 sides are known.
 This function uses Heron's formula: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron%27s_formula

 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(5, 12, 13)
 30.0
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(10, 11, 12)
 51.521233486786784
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(0, 0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(1.6, 2.6, 3.6)
 1.8703742940919619
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(-1, -2, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_triangle_three_sides() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(1, -2, 1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_triangle_three_sides() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(2, 4, 7)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Given three sides do not form a triangle
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(2, 7, 4)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Given three sides do not form a triangle
 >>> area_triangle_three_sides(7, 2, 4)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Given three sides do not form a triangle
 """
 if side1 < 0 or side2 < 0 or side3 < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_triangle_three_sides() only accepts non-negative values")
 elif side1 + side2 < side3 or side1 + side3 < side2 or side2 + side3 < side1:
 raise ValueError("Given three sides do not form a triangle")
 semi_perimeter = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2
 area = sqrt(
 semi_perimeter
 * (semi_perimeter - side1)
 * (semi_perimeter - side2)
 * (semi_perimeter - side3)
 )
 return area


def area_parallelogram(base: float, height: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a parallelogram.

 >>> area_parallelogram(10, 20)
 200
 >>> area_parallelogram(1.6, 2.6)
 4.16
 >>> area_parallelogram(0, 0)
 0
 >>> area_parallelogram(-1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_parallelogram(1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_parallelogram(-1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if base < 0 or height < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values")
 return base * height


def area_trapezium(base1: float, base2: float, height: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a trapezium.

 >>> area_trapezium(10, 20, 30)
 450.0
 >>> area_trapezium(1.6, 2.6, 3.6)
 7.5600000000000005
 >>> area_trapezium(0, 0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> area_trapezium(-1, -2, -3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_trapezium(-1, 2, 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_trapezium(1, -2, 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_trapezium(1, 2, -3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_trapezium(-1, -2, 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_trapezium(1, -2, -3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_trapezium(-1, 2, -3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if base1 < 0 or base2 < 0 or height < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values")
 return 1 / 2 * (base1 + base2) * height


def area_circle(radius: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a circle.

 >>> area_circle(20)
 1256.6370614359173
 >>> area_circle(1.6)
 8.042477193189871
 >>> area_circle(0)
 0.0
 >>> area_circle(-1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_circle() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if radius < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_circle() only accepts non-negative values")
 return pi * radius**2


def area_ellipse(radius_x: float, radius_y: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a ellipse.

 >>> area_ellipse(10, 10)
 314.1592653589793
 >>> area_ellipse(10, 20)
 628.3185307179587
 >>> area_ellipse(0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> area_ellipse(1.6, 2.6)
 13.06902543893354
 >>> area_ellipse(-10, 20)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_ellipse(10, -20)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_ellipse(-10, -20)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if radius_x < 0 or radius_y < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values")
 return pi * radius_x * radius_y


def area_rhombus(diagonal_1: float, diagonal_2: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a rhombus.

 >>> area_rhombus(10, 20)
 100.0
 >>> area_rhombus(1.6, 2.6)
 2.08
 >>> area_rhombus(0, 0)
 0.0
 >>> area_rhombus(-1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_rhombus(1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values
 >>> area_rhombus(-1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values
 """
 if diagonal_1 < 0 or diagonal_2 < 0:
 raise ValueError("area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values")
 return 1 / 2 * diagonal_1 * diagonal_2


def area_reg_polygon(sides: int, length: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculate the area of a regular polygon.
 Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon#Regular_polygons
 Formula: (n*s^2*cot(pi/n))/4

 >>> area_reg_polygon(3, 10)
 43.301270189221945
 >>> area_reg_polygon(4, 10)
 100.00000000000001
 >>> area_reg_polygon(0, 0)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or equal to \
three as number of sides
 >>> area_reg_polygon(-1, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or equal to \
three as number of sides
 >>> area_reg_polygon(5, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_reg_polygon() only accepts non-negative values as \
length of a side
 >>> area_reg_polygon(-1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or equal to \
three as number of sides
 """
 if not isinstance(sides, int) or sides < 3:
 raise ValueError(
 "area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or \
equal to three as number of sides"
 )
 elif length < 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "area_reg_polygon() only accepts non-negative values as \
length of a side"
 )
 return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides))
 return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides))


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod(verbose=True) # verbose so we can see methods missing tests

 print("[DEMO] Areas of various geometric shapes: \n")
 print(f"Rectangle: {area_rectangle(10, 20) = }")
 print(f"Square: {area_square(10) = }")
 print(f"Triangle: {area_triangle(10, 10) = }")
 print(f"Triangle: {area_triangle_three_sides(5, 12, 13) = }")
 print(f"Parallelogram: {area_parallelogram(10, 20) = }")
 print(f"Rhombus: {area_rhombus(10, 20) = }")
 print(f"Trapezium: {area_trapezium(10, 20, 30) = }")
 print(f"Circle: {area_circle(20) = }")
 print(f"Ellipse: {area_ellipse(10, 20) = }")
 print("\nSurface Areas of various geometric shapes: \n")
 print(f"Cube: {surface_area_cube(20) = }")
 print(f"Cuboid: {surface_area_cuboid(10, 20, 30) = }")
 print(f"Sphere: {surface_area_sphere(20) = }")
 print(f"Hemisphere: {surface_area_hemisphere(20) = }")
 print(f"Cone: {surface_area_cone(10, 20) = }")
 print(f"Conical Frustum: {surface_area_conical_frustum(10, 20, 30) = }")
 print(f"Cylinder: {surface_area_cylinder(10, 20) = }")
 print(f"Torus: {surface_area_torus(20, 10) = }")
 print(f"Equilateral Triangle: {area_reg_polygon(3, 10) = }")
 print(f"Square: {area_reg_polygon(4, 10) = }")
 print(f"Reqular Pentagon: {area_reg_polygon(5, 10) = }")