Add configure infrastructure to detect support for C99's restrict.
Will be used in later commits improving performance for a few key
routines where information about aliasing allows for significantly
better code generation.
This allows to use the C99 'restrict' keyword without breaking C89, or
for that matter C++, compilers. If not supported it's defined to be
empty.
Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/
20170914063418.sckdzgjfrsbekae4@alap3.anarazel.de