Hi, I stumbled upon this "Architecture and Design Manual" for what eventually became GCJ on Gordon Irlam's pages: http://www.base.com/gordoni/cygnus/design.html Does it look like a worthwhile addition to the references listed in: http://gcc.gnu.org/java/docs.html ? How much of it is still accurate? Ranjit. -- Ranjit Mathew Email: rmathew AT hotmail DOT com Bangalore, INDIA. Web: http://ranjitmathew.tripod.com/