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divan, sofa, couch...

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Do you use дыван in Russian ?
No, but it's the Belarusian word for carpet (where it's a loanword from Polish). You might know that the related word 'диван' means 'sofa' in Russian and some other languages, including Hungarian (dívány).

In Hungarian, both 'carpet' and 'rug' are 'szőnyeg' [ˈsøːɲɛɡ], derived from the verb 'sző' = to weave.
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Yes, диван in Russian only means divan: a sofa or (a large) couch - basically anything bed-like and soft with backrest (the classic and smaller couch is кушетка ("couchette") but the term becomes outdated along with the thing denoted; same with оттоманка (ottomanka) related to those with the head rest; still, in furniture production and trade, these terms can be used for the modern analogues).
Just to add, "mat" (мат) is used to refer to those "mattresses" used in sports; and a similar kind of straw mat in the folk context, is циновка.
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No, but it's the Belarusian word for carpet (where it's a loanword from Polish). You might know that the related word 'диван' means 'sofa' in Russian and some other languages, including Hungarian (dívány).

In Hungarian, both 'carpet' and 'rug' are 'szőnyeg' [ˈsøːɲɛɡ], derived from the verb 'sző' = to weave.
Yes, диван in Russian only means divan: a sofa or (a large) couch - basically anything bed-like and soft with backrest (the classic and smaller couch is кушетка ("couchette") but the term becomes outdated along with the thing denoted; same with оттоманка (ottomanka) related to those with the head rest; still, in furniture production and trade, these terms can be used for the modern analogues).
Just to add, "mat" (мат) is used to refer to those "mattresses" used in sports; and a similar kind of straw mat in the folk context, is циновка.
In Italian divano means sofa (couch).., in Polish = kanapa !

Il divano (anche detto sofà, ottomana o, meno propriamente, canapè) ..
  1. Ampio sedile imbottito, con schienale, destinato a più persone, collocato di solito lungo una parete in ambienti di soggiorno.
    • Divano letto, che può trasformarsi in letto.
  2. 2.
    Alto consiglio, politico o giudiziario, nell'impero ottomano.

    Origine
    Dal turco divan ‘consiglio di stato’, dal persiano dīwān, poi ‘ufficio’ e ‘sedile’ •sec. XVI.
Origin
From Turkish divan ‘council of state’, Persian dīwān, later ‘office’ and ‘seat’ -sec. 16th cent.


An ottoman (pouf)? is a piece of furniture. Generally, ottomans have neither backs nor arms. They may be an upholstered low couch or a smaller cushioned seat used as a table, stool or footstool.
The seat may have hinges and a lid for the inside hollow, which can be used for storing linen, magazines, or other items, making it a form of storage furniture.] The smaller version is usually placed near to an armchair or sofa as part of living room decor, or may be used as a fireside seat.

the classic and smaller couch is кушетка ("couchette") but the term becomes outdated along with the thing denoted
To me that's something from my childhood, but I'll be damned if I could tell the difference between that and тахта (takhtá, apparently from Turkish tahta 'wood'). To me it's all just different kinds of кровать (krovát' "a bed as a piece of furniture", from Byzantine Greek κρεβάτιον (id.), influenced by the root krov-/kry- "to cover"). Diván, however, is not, even though you fundamentally can use many models as a regular bed.
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To me that's something from my childhood, but I'll be damned if I could tell the difference between that and тахта (takhtá, apparently from Turkish tahta 'wood').
I define it for myself like this - диван (divan) is what you sit on, кушетка (couch(ette)) is what you can lie down for a while or sleep on, but it's rather small/narrow and not comfortable (btw this term is used for those in hospitals for patient examination, massage and the like), and тахта (takhta) is what you can sleep on normally, and it's rather with a headrest, while софа (sofa) is rather with a side backrest like divan but of modern design. But that's all my subjective perception and shouldn't be taken for granted. :)
«Ντιβάνι» [d̠iˈva.ni] (n.) in Greek < Ottoman Turkish دیوان /diˈvan/ describes something similar to the Russian диван.

We also have from Ottoman Turkish, «σοφάς» [s̠o̞ˈfas̠] (m.) < صفه /soˈfa/ which is a bed or...sofa ie a long furniture, built with brick or stone as a continuation of the house's wall covered with carpets and cushions. It's been re-introduced in the tourist Aegean islands as part of the "rustic" or "traditional" Greek islander experience.

Sofa is «καναπές» [kanaˈpe̞s̠] (m.) a reborrowing: Ancient Greek «κωνώπιον» /kɔːˈnɔː.pion/ (n.) --> couch with mosquito-curtains (from AncGr «κώνωψ» /ˈkɔː.nɔːp͡s/ (m.) --> mosquito) > Lat. cōnōpēum > Old Fr. conopé > Fr. canapé > MoGr «καναπές»
In Catalan, sofà is the common general word. Divan, canapè and otomana have a restricted meaning, divan being often associated to the psychologist's couch.


· sofà
[Borrowed from French in the 19th century]
​
> sofà llit: sofa-bed​

· divan: low sofa, usually with cushions, no backrest and placed against a wall
[Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish, first attested in the 17th century in the sense of 'hall of the Great Turk']

· canapè: upholstered kind of sofa with a back for each seat
[Borrowed from French in the 18th century]

· otomana: either something similar to the divan or a sort of sofa with cushions that can be set so that it becomes a sofa-bed
[Borrowed from the French ottomane in the 19th century]
Divan and canape, to my knowledge, are not commonly used in English. I don't know how to say them without French accenting.
Sofa is of a very nice quality, maybe beautiful and perhaps on the large side. Good for parlors. Sounds slightly formal.
Couch is not so formal, but functional and comfortable. Good to nap on, dine on, watch videos. For family rooms. Pronounced cow-tch never coosh.
Chesterfield is not so comfortable, maybe smaller, formal and perhaps made of leather. For offices
Settee is for sitting only. It's hard and has arms. I don't think it's nice to sit too long there. Ideal for small talk and taking high tea.
Loveseat is small; it sits two people only. Cozy for lovers making out.
Futon can be converted into a bed. Apartment friendly. There are also bigger couch beds that pull up and have storage compartments for bed linen. Sticklers call these davenports.
Ottoman has no back support. You can alternatively sit in an easy chair and prop your feet up on an ottoman. I guess the Turks had lots of ottomans in their harems.
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I'm not into this, but I think what was said about Catalan also applies to Portuguese. We spell the words sofá, canapé, divã e otomana.
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