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Generic programming (changes)

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Generic programming is a method for reusing a single piece in different contexts, such as with multiple data types. For example, the main body of a single numerical procedure can be reused for both single and double precision real variables or the code for a linked list can be reused for lists of integers, reals, or strings.

Generic programming is not available in Fortran 95 and it is only available in the form of parametrized user-defined types in Fortran 2003. However, the use of a preprocessor can assist with generic programming.

Some kinds of generic programming can be achieved using the transfer intrinsic, which copies bit patterns from one datatype to another without casting the value. Using this process, many data structures such as lists, stacks, queues, etc can be implemented by making the routines accept arrays of characters, and then using the transfer intrinsic to convert values before and after they are stored in the structure.

Examples

module data_mod
 implicit none
 private
 integer,parameter::N = 10
 character,dimension(1),parameter::void = [achar(0)]
 type::data_t
 character,dimension(:),allocatable::d
 end type
 type(data_t),dimension(N)::data
 public::void
 public::set,get
contains
 subroutine set(k,d)
 integer,intent(in)::k
 character,dimension(:),intent(in)::d
 if(allocated(data(k)%d)) deallocate(data(k)%d)
 allocate(data(k)%d(size(d)))
 data(k)%d = d
 end subroutine set
 function get(k) result(d)
 integer,intent(in)::k
 character,dimension(:),allocatable::d
 allocate(d(size(data(k)%d)))
 d = data(k)%d
 end function get
end module data_mod
program main
 use data_mod
 implicit none
 call set(1,transfer(10,void))
 call set(2,transfer(10.0,void))
 call set(3,transfer(10.0d0,void))
 write(*,*) transfer(get(1),0)
 write(*,*) transfer(get(2),0.0)
 write(*,*) transfer(get(3),0.0d0)
end program main

 10
 10.000000 
 10.000000000000000

See McGavin and Young (2001) and FLIBS for generic linked list implementations.

James Van Buskirk has written a generic version of BLAS available here: http://home.comcast.net/~kmbtib/Fortran_stuff/GENERIC_BLAS.ZIP

See Also

• Preprocessors

References

• Donev, Aleksandar (2004). Genericity in extending Fortran. ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum 23(1), 2-13.

• Markus, A. (2001). Generic programming in Fortran 90. ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum 20(3), 20-23.

• McCormack, D. (2005). Generic programming in Fortran with Forpedo. ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum 24(2), 18-29.

• McGavin, P. and R. Young (2001). A generic list implementation. ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum 20(1), 16-20.

External Links

• Wikipedia:Generic programming