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u == 1.4D0 work? GFortran, G95, Open Watcom, and Silverfrost are free Fortran compilers, while Absoft, IBM, Intel, Lahey, NAG, Pathscale, PGI, and Sun produce commercial Fortran compilers. Polyhedron Software provides compiler comparisons at http://www.polyhedron.com/compare0html. See Compilers for more information.
See the Books page.
Standard capitalization is now the preferred way to write Fortran for several reasons, most notably because that is how recent versions of the standard write it. Another reason is due to an effort to standardize the capitalization of the names of programming languages. To quote Walt Brainerd (originally from the 1997年01月03日 version of Keith Bierman’s Fortran FAQ):
The rule: if you say the letters, it is all caps (APL); if you pronounce it as a word, it is not (Cobol, Fortran, Ada).
Some choose to write FORTRAN when referring to older versions of the language (prior to Fortran 90) to distinguish them from newer versions.
To build a static library libfoo.a containing all modules and procedures in the .f90 files in the current directory on Linux:
% gfortran -c *.f90
% ar cr libfoo.a *.oThe first command builds the object files and the second archives the object files into a static archive.
To build a shared library libfoo.so:
% gfortran -shared *.f90 -o libfoo.so -fPICIn both cases, other compiler flags such as -O2 can be used.
u == 1.4D0 work?See Floating point arithmetic.
A common Fortran 95 idiom for reading lines until the end of file is
integer :: stat
character(len=100) :: buf
open(15, file='foo.txt')
do
read(fh, iostat=stat) buf
if (stat /= 0) exit
! process buf
end do
close(15)This example catches all conditions, not just the end of file. To specifically catch the EOF in Fortran 2003 one can use the iso_fortran_env module and replace the if condition above with
if (stat == iostat_end) exitSee also: EOF idiom? on comp.lang.fortran.
There isn’t a portable way to do this either in Fortran or C, in short, because the terminal controls when the input is sent to your program and by default it is buffered. You must request that the terminal send each key and the method for doing so is platform-dependent.
Clive Page’s Fortran Resources has a section on "Reading single keystrokes from Fortran" which provides a couple of short C functions (sys_keyin.c) which can be called from Fortran to achive the desired behavior on most Unix systems.
John Urban also provides a getkey function, written in C and callable from Fortran.
See also: Get Key Function? on comp.lang.fortran.
See Real precision.
There is no intrinsic procedure for converting character strings to numerical values, or vice-versa. However, this can be accomplished using internal file IO. To obtain a string representation of a numeric variable, one can perform a formatted write to a string, just as one does to a file. Similarly, a formatted read from a string can extract a numeric value. See the strnum program for an example.
open(7, access='direct', status='scratch')This will create a temporary file that only lives until it is closed. It doesn’t need a filename as it will not be permanently saved to disk (although it could be stored somewhere as a temporary file). In this example, the unit number is 7.
(追記ここまで)(追記) (追記ここまで)(追記)The file may not be deleted if the program terminates abnormally. To prevent deletion, call close with status='keep'.