Cytoplasmic protein synthesis
a. Protein synthesis

Gene Translation: RNA -> Protein

The codon AUG serves two related functions

• It begins every message; that is, it signals the start of translation placing the amino acid methionine at the amino terminal of the polypeptide to be synthesized.
• When it occurs within a message, it guides the incorporation of methionine.

mRNA and ribosome entry

• 5' cap
  • mRNA Translation movie

more details on AUG

• Internal Ribosomal Entry Site - IRES

IRESite: The database of experimentally verified IRES structures

Translation matters: protein synthesis defects in inherited disease 2007

Multiple Initiation Site

• A Molecular Switch for Targeting between Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Mitochondria 2008

• C/EBP

• Synaptopodin

• Translational control of SCL-isoform expression in hematopoietic lineage choice, 2003

• Translational control in stress and apoptosis. 2005