Tabun


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tabun

[′tä‚bu̇n]
(organic chemistry)
(CH3)2NP(O)(C2H5O)(CN) A toxic liquid with a boiling point of 240°C; soluble in organic solvents; used as a nerve gas.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Tabun

(Russian, of Turkic origin), a herd of horses or camels assembled by man. A tabun contains animals of the same sex and age, for example, 80–120 mares with colts born in the current year or 120–150 head of young stock, with mares and colts separated. It may be formed for year-round livestock maintenance (in regions where herd horse breeding is practiced) or only for the pasturing period.

Tabun

also ethyl phosphorodimethylamidocyanidate [(CH3)2N(C2H5O)P(O)CN]; a colorless liquid with a melting point of – 50°C, a boiling point of about 230°C (with decomposition), a volatility (at 20°C and with maximum concentration) of 0.6 milligram per liter (mg/l), and a density of 1.087 g/cm3 (20°C). Tabun dissolves in water to a concentration of approximately 12 percent; it is readily soluble in organic solvents.

The compound is slowly hydrolyzed by water; it reacts vigorously with aqueous solutions of alkalies, ammonia, and amines, a characteristic used in degassing. The products from the degassing of Tabun are toxic because they contain cyanides. Tabun is prepared through a sequence of reactions of phosphorous oxychloride (POCl3) with dimethylamine hydrochloride, ethyl alcohol, and KCN.

Tabun is a war gas that affects the nervous system. The lethal concentration of Tabun in air is 0.4 mg/l (1 min). When brought into contact with the skin in liquid form, the lethal concentration is 50–70 mg/kg. In a concentration of 0.01 mg/l (2 min), Tabun induces pronounced miosis. Gas masks are used to protect against Tabun. The compound was first prepared just before World War II but was not used in the war.

REFERENCE

Franke, S., P. Franz, and W. Warnke. Khimiia otravliaiushchikh veshchestv, vols. 1–2. Moscow, 1973. (Translated from German.)
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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