multipath

s (t) is the OFDM symbol transmitted with N subcarriers, on account of the wireless multipath propagation, the received signal at the m-th antenna element can be formulated as,

In this paper, an overview of three very important routing protocols proposed for WSN, LEACH, PEGASIS, VGA for single path routing and interference in the case of multipath routing, is provided and their comparative results are also discussed.

In the case of low SNR at 0dB and 5dB, assuming that the multipath number of the received signals is [L.sub.P] = 3, the arrival time is [[tau].sub.1] = 100 ns, [[tau].sub.2] = 140 ns, and [[tau].sub.3] = 180 ns, respectively; the direction of arrival is [[theta].sub.1] = 30[degrees], [[theta].sub.2] = 40[degrees], and [[theta].sub.3] = 60[degrees], respectively.

For the G-Nut/Anubis software, a generic triple-frequency combination for multipath estimates has been developed (Vaclavovic and Dousa, 2016) for more flexible multi-frequency data processing.

Therefore, we propose a priority-oriented streaming media multipath data transmission mechanism for developing future mobile streaming media applications and providing attractive benefits including transfer performance improvement and high-quality users experience provisioning.

The authors of [5, 6] derived some theoretical bounds for multipath assisted positioning.

As the simulation result shows, to achieve a BER of [10.sup.-5] over multipath channel having delay spread of 10 and 20 ns, respectively, the proposed STACO-OFDM delivers electrical energy savings of about 1.7 and 1.6 dB compared to ACO-OFDM, about 4.8 and 5.5 dB electrical energy savings compared to DCO-OFDM, and about 1.2 and 1.6 dB electrical energy savings compared to eU-OFDM.

After all multipath distances and reflection angles are found, these properties can be used in the CIR calculating procedure described in Section II.

However, due to the serious impact of NLOS and multipath on the positioning accuracy in urban areas, such improvements in the availability of satellite signals do not necessarily facilitate high-precision positioning at the same time.