Ruanda


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Related to Ruanda: Ruanda-Urundi
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Ruanda

(also Urunyarwanda), the language of the Ruanda (Banyaruanda), spoken by more than 5 million persons (1967, estimate) in the republics of Rwanda and Burundi, the eastern regions of the Republic of Zaire, and the northwestern regions of Uganda and Tanzania.

Ruanda belongs to the northern zone of the Bantu language family. It is characterized by the presence of three distinctive tones and by dissimilation of identical consonant phonemes and loss and fusion of vowel phonemes across morpheme boundaries. The grammatical structure is characterized by the presence of 19 concord classes, with prefixed markers, and by a well-developed system of derivative verbal (mainly voice) suffixes. Categories of tense and aspect are expressed by means of infixed morphemes.

REFERENCES

Schumacher, P. P. “La Phonétique du Kinyarwanda.” Anthropos, vols. 16–26, 1921–31.
Doke, C. M. Bantu: Modern Grammatical, Phonetical and Lexicographical Studies Since 1860. London, 1945.
Hurel, E. Grammaire Kinyarwanda, 5th ed. Kabgaye, 1951.
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
References in periodicals archive ?
A final de cuentas, como expresa parte del titulo del libro de Dallaire, Estrechando la mano del diablo, la falla que se genero en Ruanda tuvo que ver no solo con lo que ahi acontecio, es decir, la perdida del sentido de la humanidad, sino tambien con las 192 naciones que llegaron y que pudieron darle apoyo a Naciones Unidas con tropas para un nuevo mandato con dos instancias: en una la posibilidad de prevenir el genocidio y, en la otra, la de detenerlo, dado que su estadia por meses provoco el asesinato de miles de seres humanos, asi como el desplazamiento de una cantidad de cuatro millones de personas.
Reflexiones en torno al Dia Internacional para la Conmemoracion y Dignificacion de las Victimas del Crimen de Genocidio y para la Prevencion de ese Crimen/Reflections on the International Day for the Commemoration and Dignification of Victims of the Genocide Crime and for the Prevention of that Crime
Para ello, los TPIS, principalmente los tribunales de Yugoslavia (TPIY) y de Ruanda (TPIR), han superado las indefiniciones conceptuales y las barreras que inicialmente difficultaban el procesamiento de los autores de estos crimenes.
Los avances de la jurisprudencia internacional contra la impunidad de las violaciones en los conflictos armados/The advances of the internatonal jurisprudence against the impunity of the violatons in the armed conficts
Como en el caso de otros genocidios, la matazon en Ruanda no empezo de repente, sin previo aviso.
Genocidas, situaciones y responsabilidades: Una revision de The Killing Compartments: The Mentality of Mass Murder (2015) de Abram de Swaan y A Dreaming Child de Gakire Dieudonne (2016)
Mas em 1998, as aliancas estavam diferentes: Ruanda, Uganda e Burundi de um lado; e Angola, Namibia, Chade e Zimbabue, de outro.
The Exploitation of Coltan and the Conflicts in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo/ A Exploracao de Coltan e os Conflitos no Leste da Republica Democratica do Congo
Ruanda'da siddetin ortaya cikisinin tarihsel ve toplumsal bir alt yapisi mevcuttur.
An assessment of reconciliation processes and completion of the International Tribunal/Uzlasma surecleri ve uluslararasi mahkemenin sonlandirilmasi uzerine bir degerlendirme
Citing these examples as part of a shocking wider picture of abuses for which there was never any legal redress he called for the establishment of a UN-backed criminal tribunal along the lines of the Yugoslavia and Ruanda cases to hold Indian officials to account for serial mass human rights abuses.
Call to probe right abuses by un-backed tribunal in IHK