Villa rustica
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Countryside farmhouse or villa during the Roman era
Villa rustica (transl. farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans[1] [2] to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium . The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),[8] and the pars rustica (farm area).
List of villae rusticae
[edit ]See also: List of Roman villas in Belgium and List of Roman sites in Spain
Austria
[edit ]Bosnia-Herzegovina
[edit ]Bulgaria
[edit ]Italy
[edit ]
Portugal
[edit ]
- Boca do Rio [de]
- Castelo da Lousa
- Villa of Fonte do Milho [de]
- Roman Villa of Rabaçal
- Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada
- Centum Cellas
- Villa of Torre de Palma
- Villa of Cerro da Vila
- Roman ruins of Pisões
- Roman ruins of São Cucufate
- Roman Ruins of Milreu (Estoi)
- Roman Villa of Sendim
Turkey
[edit ]United Kingdom
[edit ]See also: List of Roman villas in England and List of Roman villas in Wales
- Bignor Roman Villa
- Borough Hill Roman villa
- Brading Roman Villa
- Chedworth Roman Villa
- Crofton Roman Villa
- Fishbourne Roman Palace
- Gadebridge Park Roman Villa
- Littlecote Roman Villa
- Llantwit Major Roman Villa
- Low Ham Roman Villa
- Lullingstone Roman Villa
- Newport Roman Villa
- North Leigh Roman Villa
- Piddington Roman Villa
- Woodchester Roman Villa
France
[edit ]See also: Roman villas in northwestern Gaul
- Villa Rustica, Coustaty
- Villa Rustica, Lussas-et-Nontronneau [fr]
- Villa Rustica, Montcaret [de]
- Montmaurin
- Villa Rustica, Petit-Bersac [de]
- Villa Rustica, Pièce de Rance [de]
Germany
[edit ]
Baden-Württemberg
- Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg[9]
- Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
- Villa rustica at Büßlingen [de], Konstanz
- Villa Rustica (Brombach) [de], Lörrach
- Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen [10]
- Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier[11]
- Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
- Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein [de], Zollernalbkreis
- Villa urbana at Heitersheim
- Villa Rustica (Meßkirch) [de], Sigmaringen
- Villa Rustica at Hirschberg[12]
- Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen) [de], Sigmaringen
- Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach[13]
- Villa Rustica at Langenau[14]
- Villa Rustica (Laucherthal) [de], Sigmaringen
- Villa Rustica (Lauffen) [de], Heilbronn
- Villa Rustica at Mühlacker[15]
- Villa Rustica at Nagold [16] [17]
- Villa Rustica (Nürtingen) [de]
- Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen[18] [19]
- Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen) [de], Rems-Murr-Kreis
- Römerbad (Weinsberg) [de], Heilbronn
- Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden) [de], Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
- Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen) [de], Tuttlingen
- Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof) [de], Heilbronn
- Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg
Bavaria
- Villa Rustica (Burgweinting) [de]
- Villa rustica (Denning) [de], Stadt München
- Villa Rustica (Friedberg) [de]
- Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
- Villa Rustica (Holheim) [de], Donau-Ries
- Villa Rustica at Hüssingen [20]
- Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu[21]
- Villa Rustica (Leutstetten) [de], Stadt Starnberg
- Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe) [de] (Naturpark Altmühltal)[22] [23]
- Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
- Villa Rustica (Niederndorf) [de], Freising
- Villa Rustica (Oberndorf) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt) [de], Ingolstadt
- Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau[24] [25]
- Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Zipfwang) [de], Oberallgäu
Hesse
- Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, Wamboltsches Schlösschen [de]
- Haselburg Roman villa [de], Odenwald
- Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"[26]
Northrhine-Westphalia
- Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr)) [de][27]
- Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
- Propsteier Villa [de], Eschweiler, Aachen
- Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
- Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath) [de] at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen
Rheinland-Palatine
- Villa rustica Weilberg [de], Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
- Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach) [de], Bad Kreuznach
- Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler [de]
- Villa rustica (Bollendorf) [de], Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
- Villa Otrang [de], Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
- Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)[28]
- Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen) [de], Mainz-Bingen
- Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel[29]
- Roman estate at Lösnich [de]
- Villa Urbana in Longuich [de]
- Villa Rustica (Mehring) [de] (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
- Villa rustica (Wachenheim) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen) [de], Mainz-Bingen
- Villa rustica (Wasserliesch) [de], Trier-Saarburg
Saarland
- Roman Villa Borg
- Reinheim
- Roman villa at Nennig
Serbia
[edit ]Switzerland
[edit ]Aargau
- Villa Rustica (Bellikon) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Oberentfelden) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Oberlunkhofen) [de]
- Villa rustica (Zofingen) [de]
Basel-Landschaft
Genf
Jura
Solothurn
Waadt
Zürich
- Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
- Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten[31]
- Villa Rustica (Buchs) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Kloten) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Oberweningen) [de]
- Villa Rustica (Seeb) [de]
References
[edit ]- ^ Varro, de Rustica I.11, 13
- ^ Columella I.4 § 6
- ^ Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
- ^ Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
- ^ Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
- ^ John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
- ^ John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
- ^ Pliny, II.17
- ^ Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
- ^ Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ gastgeber-hessen.de [permanent dead link ]
- ^ ka.stadtwiki.net
- ^ W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
- ^ Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
- ^ "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016年03月08日. Retrieved 2015年07月27日.
- ^ naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
- ^ "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012年09月18日. Retrieved 2015年07月27日.
- ^ Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof" . Retrieved 2015年07月05日.
- ^ "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
- ^ Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
- ^ altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel . Archived from the original on 2015年09月24日. Retrieved 2015年07月05日.
- ^ Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting" . Retrieved 2015年06月02日.
- ^ "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
- ^ roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
- ^ "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012年07月11日.
- ^ Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.
External links
[edit ]- Villa Rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)