Karluk languages

The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.^[1]

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, Khiva Khanate, Maimana Khanate.^[2]

• Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers ^[3]
• Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 8–11 million speakers ^[4]
• Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turks, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
• Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
• Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.^[5]
• Khorezmian Turkic – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.

Glottolog v.5.0 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkistan Turkic" and classifies them as follows:^[6]