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U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team

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US-based professional road bicycle racing team
Cycling team
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
Team information
UCI codeDSC
RegisteredUnited States
Founded1988 (1988)
Disbanded2007
Discipline(s)Road
StatusUCI ProTeam (2005–2007)
Key personnel
General managerBill Stapleton
Team manager(s)Johan Bruyneel
Team name history
1988–1989
1992–1994
1995
1996–2003
2004
2005–2007
Sunkyong (Amateur)
Subaru–Montgomery
Montgomery–Bell
U.S. Postal Service
U.S. Postal Service–Discovery Channel
Discovery Channel
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team jersey
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team jersey
Jersey

U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team was a United States–based professional road bicycle racing team. On June 15, 2004, the Discovery Channel signed a deal to become sponsor of the team for the 2004–2007 seasons and its name changed to Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team (UCI team code: DSC). From 2005 until 2007, the team was one of the 20 teams that competed in the new UCI ProTour. As part of the sponsorship deal, Lance Armstrong, the team's undisputed leader, provided on-air appearances for the Discovery Networks TV channels. The deal did not affect the rights of secondary sponsor OLN, later known as NBCSN in the US, to air major cycling events such as the Tour de France, although the two channels are competitors.

The team was directed by Belgian Johan Bruyneel, who also managed U.S. Postal. The chief mechanic was Julien DeVries. The team was co-owned by Tailwind Sports Corp. of San Francisco and Capital Sports & Entertainment of Austin, Texas. On February 10, 2007, Discovery Channel announced that it would not renew its sponsorship of the team at the end of the 2007 season.[1] On August 10, 2007, the cycling team announced that it would not search for a new sponsor, but cease operations and disband at the end of the 2007 season.[2]

In October 2012 USADA released a report saying that the team had run "the most sophisticated, professionalised and successful doping programme the sport has ever seen".[3] The report contained affidavits from eleven riders on the team including Frankie Andreu, Tyler Hamilton, George Hincapie, Floyd Landis, Levi Leipheimer, and others, describing their own usage of erythropoietin (EPO), blood transfusion, testosterone, and other banned practices during the Tour de France and other races. They also implicated seven-time Tour winner, Lance Armstrong.[4] On October 22, 2012, the UCI upheld the USADA's recommendation to strip Armstrong of all results since August 1, 1998, and ban him from cycling for life.[5] In February 2013, the US government joined Landis' False Claims Act lawsuit against Armstrong, alleging that Armstrong had defrauded the US Postal Service of sponsorship funds by violating cycling rules by using performance-enhancing drugs while riding for the team.[6]

Team rosters

[edit ]

Final season

[edit ]

On August 10, 2007, Tailwind Sports announced the end of the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. Tailwind officials stopped their search for a new title sponsor for the Discovery team, citing the current tumultuous conditions within the sport of cycling. [7] Team operations continued until the end of the 2007 season.

After the 2007 season Johan Bruyneel went to rebuild Team Astana for the 2008 season. He brought with him much of Discovery's personnel, such as riders Alberto Contador, Levi Leipheimer, Yaroslav Popovych, Tomas Vaitkus, and coach Sean Yates.

The 2007 U.S. national road champion George Hincapie signed a contract for the 2008 season Team High Road, later known as Team HTC–Columbia, run by the American Bob Stapleton.[8]

Final squad (2007)

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As of April 30, 2007.[9] Ages are from August 10, 2007.

Rider Date of birth
 Fumiyuki Beppu (JPN) (1983年04月10日)April 10, 1983 (aged 24)
 Volodymyr Bileka (UKR) (1979年02月06日)February 6, 1979 (aged 28)
 Janez Brajkovič (SLO) (1983年12月18日)December 18, 1983 (aged 23)
 Alberto Contador (ESP) (1982年12月06日)December 6, 1982 (aged 24)
 Antonio Cruz (USA) (1971年10月31日)October 31, 1971 (aged 35)
 Steve Cummings (GBR) (1981年03月19日)March 19, 1981 (aged 26)
 Tom Danielson (USA) (1978年03月13日)March 13, 1978 (aged 29)
 Allan Davis (AUS) (1980年07月27日)July 27, 1980 (aged 27)
 John Devine [10]  (USA) (From July 2007) (1985年11月02日)November 2, 1985 (aged 21)
 Stijn Devolder (BEL) (1979年08月29日)August 29, 1979 (aged 27)
 Vladimir Gusev (RUS) (1982年07月04日)July 4, 1982 (aged 25)
 George Hincapie (USA) (1973年06月29日)June 29, 1973 (aged 34)
 Levi Leipheimer (USA) (1973年10月24日)October 24, 1973 (aged 33)
 Fuyu Li (CHN) (1978年05月09日)May 9, 1978 (aged 29)
Rider Date of birth
 Trent Lowe (AUS) (1984年10月08日)October 8, 1984 (aged 22)
 Egoi Martínez (ESP) (1978年05月15日)May 15, 1978 (aged 29)
 Jason McCartney (USA) (1973年09月03日)September 3, 1973 (aged 33)
 Gianni Meersman (BEL) (1985年12月05日)December 5, 1985 (aged 21)
 Uroš Murn (SLO) (1975年02月09日)February 9, 1975 (aged 32)
 Benjamín Noval (ESP) (1979年01月23日)January 23, 1979 (aged 28)
 Pavel Padrnos (CZE) (1970年12月17日)December 17, 1970 (aged 36)
 Sérgio Paulinho (POR) (1980年03月26日)March 26, 1980 (aged 27)
 Yaroslav Popovych (UKR) (1980年01月04日)January 4, 1980 (aged 27)
 José Luis Rubiera (ESP) (1973年01月27日)January 27, 1973 (aged 34)
 Tomas Vaitkus (LTU) (1982年02月04日)February 4, 1982 (aged 25)
 Jurgen Van Goolen (BEL) (1980年11月28日)November 28, 1980 (aged 26)
 Brian Vandborg (DEN) (1981年12月04日)December 4, 1981 (aged 25)
 Matt White (AUS) (1974年02月22日)February 22, 1974 (aged 33)

Former members of Discovery Channel

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Name Nationality Years
Lance Armstrong  United States 2005
José Azevedo  Portugal 2005–2006
Michael Barry  Canada 2005–2006
Ivan Basso  Italy 2007
Manuel Beltrán  Spain 2005–2006
Michael Creed  United States 2005
Antonio Cruz  United States 2005
Viatcheslav Ekimov  Russia 2005–2006
Roger Hammond  United Kingdom 2005–2006
Ryder Hesjedal  Canada 2005
George Hincapie  United States 2005–2007
Leif Hoste  Belgium 2005–2006
Benoît Joachim  Luxembourg 2005–2006
Jonathan Patrick McCarty  United States 2005
Gennady Mikhaylov  Russia 2005–2006
Hayden Roulston  New Zealand 2005
Paolo Savoldelli  Italy 2005–2006
Jurgen Van den Broeck  Belgium 2005–2006
Max van Heeswijk  Netherlands 2005–2006

Former members of U.S. Postal

[edit ]
Name Nationality Years
Lance Armstrong  United States 1998–2004
Benoît Joachim  Luxembourg 1999–2004
Frankie Andreu  United States 1998–2000
José Azevedo  Portugal 2004
Dariusz Baranowski  Poland 1998
Michael Barry  Canada 2002–2004
Tom Boonen  Belgium 2000–2002
Jamie Burrow  United Kingdom 2000
Dylan Casey  United States 1999–2002
David Clinger  United States 2002
Michael Creed  United States 2004
Antonio Cruz  United States 2001–2004
Julian Dean  New Zealand 1999–2000
Pascal Deramé  France 1998–1999
Viatcheslav Ekimov  Russia 1997–1998, 2000–2004
David George  South Africa 1999–2000
Chad Gerlach  United States 1996
Eddy Gragus  United States 1995–1997
Tyler Hamilton  United States 1996–2000
Andrew Hampsten  United States 1996
Roberto Heras  Spain 2001–2003
Ryder Hesjedal  Canada 2004
George Hincapie  United States 1997–2004
Frank Høj  Denmark 1999
Marty Jemison  United States 1998–1999
Patrick Jonker  Australia 2000
Steffen Kjærgaard  Norway 2000–2003
Damon Kluck  United States 2003
Kenny Labbé  United States 2000–2004
Floyd Landis  United States 2002–2004
Juan Llaneras Rosello  Spain 1998
Levi Leipheimer  United States 2000–2001
Kevin Livingston  United States 1999–2000
Glenn Magnusson  Sweden 1999
Chann McRae  United States 2002
Peter Meinert-Nielsen  Denmark 1998–1999
Gianpaolo Mondini  Italy 2002
Kirk O'Bee  United States 2000
Víctor Hugo Peña  Colombia 2001–2004
Daniel Rincón  Colombia 2004
Jean-Cyril Robin  France 1997–1998
Sven Teutenberg  Germany 1998
Christian Vande Velde  United States 1998–2003
Jonathan Vaughters  United States 1998–1999
Cédric Vasseur  France 2000
Stive Vermaut  Belgium 2000
Robbie Ventura  United States 2003–2004
Anton Villatoro  Guatemala 1996–1998
Matt White  Australia 2001–2003
Dave Zabriskie  United States 2003–2004

Notable wins

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2005 results

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Date Race Location Winner
2005 Team Classification, Hervis Tour of Austria  Austria Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
2005年02月27日 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne  Belgium George Hincapie
2005–04 Overall, Tour of Georgia  United States Tom Danielson
2005年05月19日 Stage 11, Giro d'Italia  Italy Paolo Savoldelli
2005年05月22日 Overall, Volta a Catalunya  Spain Yaroslav Popovych
2005年05月29日 General Classification, Giro d'Italia  Italy Paolo Savoldelli
2005年06月05日 Prologue, Dauphiné Libéré  France George Hincapie
2005年06月12日 Points Classification, Dauphiné Libéré  France Lance Armstrong
2005年06月12日 Team Classification, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré  France

Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team

2005年06月12日 Stage 7, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré  France George Hincapie
2005年07月05日 Stage 4 (TTT) Speed record,[11] Tour de France  France Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
2005年07月17日 Stage 15, Tour de France  France George Hincapie
2005年07月20日 Stage 17, Tour de France  France Paolo Savoldelli
2005年07月24日 Best Young Rider Classification, Tour de France  France Yaroslav Popovych
2005年08月04日 Stage 1, Eneco Tour of Benelux  Netherlands Max van Heeswijk
2005年08月08日 Stage 5 Eneco Tour of Benelux  Belgium Max van Heeswijk
2005年08月28日 GP Ouest-France  France George Hincapie
2005年09月02日 Stage 6, Vuelta a España  Spain Max van Heeswijk

2006 results

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Date Race Location Winner
2006  United Kingdom National Cyclo-Cross Championship  United Kingdom Roger Hammond
2006年02月21日 Stage 2, Tour of California  United States George Hincapie
2006年02月26日 Stage 5, Tour of California  United States George Hincapie
2006年03月28日 Stage 1, Three Days of De Panne  Belgium Leif Hoste
2006年03月30日 Stage 4, Three Days of De Panne  Belgium Leif Hoste
2006年03月30日 KOM, Three Days of De Panne  Belgium Leif Hoste
2006年03月30日 Overall, Three Days of De Panne  Belgium Leif Hoste
2006年04月25日 Prologue, Tour de Romandie  France Paolo Savoldelli
2006年05月06日 Prologue, Giro d'Italia  Italy Paolo Savoldelli
2006年05月28日 Combination Classification (Maglia Blu), Giro d'Italia  Italy Paolo Savoldelli
2006年06月11日  Japan National Time Trial Cycling Championship  Japan Fumiyuki Beppu
2006年07月03日 yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after stage 1, Tour de France  France George Hincapie
2006年07月09日 Overall, Tour of Austria  Austria Tom Danielson
2006年07月14日 Stage 12, Tour de France  France Yaroslav Popovych
2006年07月23日 Overall, Sachsen Tour International  Germany Vladimir Gusev
2006年08月01日 Prologue, Deutschland Tour  Germany Vladimir Gusev
2006年08月09日 Best Young Rider, Deutschland Tour  Germany Vladimir Gusev
2006年08月20日 Stage 4 (ITT), Eneco Tour of Benelux  Netherlands George Hincapie
2006年08月27日  Belgium National Time Trial Cycling Championship  Belgium Leif Hoste
2006年09月02日  United States National Road Race Cycling Championship  United States George Hincapie
2006年09月04日 Stage 1, Tour de Pologne  Poland Max van Heeswijk
2006年09月06日 Stage 11, Vuelta a España  Spain Egoi Martínez
2006年09月13日 Stage 17, Vuelta a España  Spain Tom Danielson
2006年09月17日 King of the Mountains, Vuelta a España  Spain Egoi Martínez
2006年09月17日 Team Classification, Vuelta a España  Spain Discovery Channel
2006  Japan National Road Race Cycling Championship  Japan Fumiyuki Beppu

2007 results

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Date Race Location Winner
2007年02月15日 Metas Volantes, 2007 Vuelta a Mallorca  Spain Tomas Vaitkus
2007年02月18日 Prologue, 2007 Tour of California  United States Levi Leipheimer
2007年02月23日 Stage 5 (ITT), 2007 Tour of California  United States Levi Leipheimer
2007年02月25日 Overall, 2007 Tour of California  United States Levi Leipheimer
2007年03月02日 Stage 4, 2007 Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana  Spain Alberto Contador
2007年03月15日 Stage 4, 2007 Paris–Nice  France Alberto Contador
2007年03月16日 Stage 5, 2007 Paris–Nice  France Yaroslav Popovych
2007年03月18日 Stage 7, 2007 Paris–Nice  France Alberto Contador
2007年03月18日 Best Young Rider, 2007 Paris–Nice  France Alberto Contador
2007年03月18日 Overall, 2007 Paris–Nice  France Alberto Contador
2007年03月29日 Stage 4, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León  Spain Alberto Contador
2007年03月30日 Spanish Rider Classification, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León  Spain Alberto Contador
2007年03月30日 Combination Classification, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León  Spain Alberto Contador
2007年03月30日 Overall, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León  Spain Alberto Contador
2007年04月05日 Stage 4 (ITT), 2007 Three Days of De Panne  Belgium Stijn Devolder
2007年04月18日 Stage 3, 2007 Tour de Georgia  United States Gianni Meersman
2007年04月19日 Stage 4 (ITT), 2007 Tour de Georgia  United States Levi Leipheimer
2007年04月20日 Stage 5, 2007 Tour de Georgia  United States Levi Leipheimer
2007年04月22日 Team Classification, 2007 Tour de Georgia  United States Discovery Channel
2007年04月22日 Best Young Rider, 2007 Tour de Georgia  United States Janez Brajkovič
2007年04月22日 Overall, 2007 Tour de Georgia  United States Janez Brajkovič
2007年05月23日 Stage 3, 2007 Volta a Catalunya  Spain Allan Davis
2007年06月01日 Stage 3 (ITT), 2007 Tour of Belgium  Belgium Vladimir Gusev
2007年06月03日 Overall, 2007 Tour of Belgium  Belgium Vladimir Gusev
2007年06月21日 Stage 6, 2007 Tour de Suisse   Switzerland Vladimir Gusev
2007年06月24日 Mountains Classification, 2007 Tour de Suisse   Switzerland Vladimir Gusev
2007年06月29日  Russia National Time Trial Cycling Championship  Russia Vladimir Gusev
2007年07月01日  Belgium National Road Race Championships  Belgium Stijn Devolder
2007年07月12日 Stage 5, 2007 Tour of Austria  Austria Gianni Meersman
2007年07月14日 Stage 1, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake  China Allan Davis
2007年07月14日 Stage 7 (ITT), 2007 Tour of Austria  Austria Stijn Devolder
2007年07月15日 Overall, 2007 Tour of Austria  Austria Stijn Devolder
2007年07月16日 Stage 3, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake  China Allan Davis
2007年07月18日 Stage 5, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake  China Allan Davis
2007年07月19日 Stage 6, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake  China Allan Davis
2007年07月21日 Stage 8, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake  China José Luis Rubiera
2007年07月22日 Stage 9, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake  China Allan Davis
2007年07月22日 Points Classification, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake  China Allan Davis
2007年07月22日 Stage 14, 2007 Tour de France  France Alberto Contador
2007年07月28日 Stage 19 (ITT), 2007 Tour de France  France Levi Leipheimer
2007年07月29日 Team Classification, 2007 Tour de France  France Discovery Channel
2007年07月29日 Best Young Rider, 2007 Tour de France  France Alberto Contador
2007年07月29日 General classification, 2007 Tour de France  France Alberto Contador
2007年08月13日 Stage 2, 2007 Tour de l'Ain  France Brian Vandborg
2007年09月02日  United States National Road Race Cycling Championship  United States Levi Leipheimer
2007年09月12日 Stage 2, 2007 Tour of Missouri  United States George Hincapie
2007年09月13日 Stage 3, 2007 Tour of Missouri  United States Levi Leipheimer
2007年09月15日 Stage 14, 2007 Vuelta a España  Spain Jason McCartney
2007年09月16日 Overall, 2007 Tour of Missouri  United States George Hincapie

U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team history

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The US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team and later named the US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team presented by Berry Floor operated from 1996 through 2004. The United States Postal Service was the title (primary) sponsor from 1996 through 2004 and the team was nicknamed the "Blue Train". Berry Floor, a Belgian flooring company, was the secondary sponsor, also known as a Presenting Sponsor. Domestically the USPS Pro Cycling Team was presented by Alloc, the American subsidiary of Berry Floor.

Lance Armstrong won six Tours de France (1999–2004) (that were later stripped) with US Postal, and in 2003 Roberto Heras—at that time a US Postal rider—won the Vuelta a España. Armstrong went on to win a seventh Tour de France in 2005 (that was later also stripped), after the USPS contract and sponsorship ended.

The US Postal Service announced that it would cease sponsorship at the end of the 2004 racing season when its eight-year contract expired. It had previously been under fire for the expenditure from organizations such as Postal Watch, a website critical of the United States Postal Service. Legitimate problems of mismanagement and sloppy accounting were pointed out by the Postal Service itself, via the USPS Office of the Inspector General. Before the expiration of the USPS contract, Armstrong insisted that he would only continue to ride with the USPS team structure. This demand was met on June 15, 2004, when Discovery Networks stepped in and agreed to sponsor the team for the next three years as the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team.

1996 results

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With the help of Thomas Weisel and Eddie Borysewicz, the United States Postal Service begins its reign as title sponsor to what has become the most successful cycling team from the United States. Borysewicz served as the team's directeur sportif and the team raced mainly in domestic events in the United States.

Date Race Location Winner
1996 USPRO National Road Race Championships  United States Eddy Gragus
1996 Stage Tour of China  United States Eddy Gragus

1997 results

[edit ]

Thomas Weisel brought in Mark Gorski, the 1984 Olympic Gold Medalist in the Men's 1000 m Sprint (Scratch) event, as team manager. Due in large part to Russian Viatcheslav Ekimov and his key stage wins at Paris–Nice and the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, the USPS squad got its first invitation to ride in the Tour de France.

Date Race Location Winner
1997 Stage, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré  France Viatcheslav Ekimov
1997 Stage, Paris–Nice  France Viatcheslav Ekimov
1997 Stage, Redlands Classic  United States Eddy Gragus
1997  Russia National Road Race Championship  Russia Viatcheslav Ekimov
1997 Stage, Setmana Catalana  Spain George Hincapie

1998 results

[edit ]

Lance Armstrong joined the US Postal team in late 1997, when returning to professional cycling following his cancer treatments.

Date Race Location Winner
1998 United States USPRO National Road Race Championships  United States George Hincapie
1998 Overall, Tour de Luxembourg  Luxembourg Lance Armstrong
1998 Stage, Tour de Luxembourg  Luxembourg Lance Armstrong
1998 Overall, Rheinland Pfalz  Germany Lance Armstrong
1998 Killington (Vermont) Stage Race  United States George Hincapie
1998 First Union Invitational (Lancaster, Pa.)  United States Frankie Andreu

1999 results

[edit ]
Date Race Location Winner
1999 United States USPRO National Road Race Championships  United States Marty Jemison
1999 First Union Classic (Trenton, New Jersey)  United States George Hincapie
1999 Redlands Classic (Redlands, California)  United States Christian Vande Velde
1999 Best Young Rider Classification, Four Days of Dunkirk  France Christian Vande Velde

2000 results

[edit ]
Date Race Location Winner
2000 Grand Prix Eddy Merckx  France Viatcheslav Ekimov

2001 results

[edit ]

In 2001, the U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team was named the USOC Team of the Year. Also, Armstrong was named USOC SportsMan of the Year, which he also won in 1999.

Date Race Location Winner
2001年04月11日 Gent–Wevelgem  Belgium George Hincapie
2001-09 San Francisco Grand Prix  United States George Hincapie

2002 results

[edit ]
Date Race Location Winner
2002-06 United States USPRO National Road Race Championships  United States Chann McRae
2002年07月18日 Overall, Vuelta a Murcia  Spain Víctor Hugo Peña

2003 results

[edit ]
Date Race Location Winner
2003年07月09日 Stage 4 (TTT), Tour de France  France U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
2003年09月27日 Stage 20, Vuelta a España  Spain Roberto Heras
2003年09月28日 Overall, Vuelta a España  Spain Roberto Heras

2004 results

[edit ]
L-to-R: Armstrong, Azevedo, and Ekimov of the 2004 USPS team
Date Race Location Winner
2004年04月01日 Overall, Three Days of De Panne  Belgium George Hincapie
2004年07月07日 Stage 4 (TTT), Tour de France  France U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team

Early history and notable wins

[edit ]

1988–1989 – Sunkyong (Amateur)

[edit ]

Eddie Borysewicz, known as "Eddy B", was the road coach of a pro/amateur cycling team formed by George Taylor and sponsored by Sunkyong, a South Korea-based manufacturing and industrial conglomerate. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, Borysewicz served as the U.S. Olympic Cycling Coach and led American cyclists to an unprecedented nine Olympic medals.

1992–1994 – Subaru–Montgomery

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Subaru and Montgomery Securities, led by Thomas Weisel, serve as co-title sponsors.

Date Race Location Winner
1990 Tour de Gastown  Canada Jonas Carney
1991 Stage 2, Redlands Classic  United States Jim Copeland
1991 Tour de Gastown  Canada Lance Armstrong
1991 Stage 6, Redlands Classic  United States Krzysztof Wiatr
1992 Herald Sun Tour  Australia Bart Bowen
1992 USPRO National Road Race Championships  United States Bart Bowen
1993 Stage 1, Redlands Classic  United States Miguel Arroyo

1995 – Montgomery-Bell

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Montgomery Securities Chief Executive Thomas W. Weisel, an avid cyclist, continued his support for cycling.

Date Race Location Winner
1995 Stage 8, Tour DuPont  United States Clark Sheehan
1995 Stage 4, Tour de Pologne  Poland Eddy Gragus

Sponsors

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The following companies and organizations served as sponsors for the 2007 squad:[12]

References

[edit ]
  1. ^ George, Sue (2007年02月10日). "Discovery Channel to end sponsorship". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2007年02月10日.
  2. ^ "Armstrong's Former Team To Disband". forbes.com. 2007年08月10日. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved 2009年01月08日.
  3. ^ Matt Slater. "Lance Armstrong: Usada report reveals doping evidence". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2012年10月10日.
  4. ^ U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation, USADA, 2012 October, retr 2012 10 14
  5. ^ "Lance Armstrong stripped of all seven Tour de France wins by UCI". bbc.co.uk. 2012年10月22日. Retrieved 2012年10月26日.
  6. ^ Ingram, David, "U.S. sues disgraced cyclist Armstrong for sponsor money", Reuters, 22 February 2013; retrieved 27 February 2013
  7. ^ Weislo, Laura. "Discovery disbands: Tailwind Sports confirms team's end". CyclingNews.
  8. ^ "Discovery gives up sponsor hunt". VeloNews. 2007年08月10日. Archived from the original on 2007年09月29日. Retrieved 2007年08月10日.
  9. ^ "Team Discovery Channel Challenge 2007 – THE RIDERS" . Retrieved 2007年02月13日.
  10. ^ "Discovery Channel finalises '07 roster". Cyclingnews.com. 2007年01月16日. Retrieved 2007年02月13日.
  11. ^ "Le Tour en chiffres Les autres records" (PDF) (in French). LeTour.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009年03月20日. Retrieved 2009年02月04日.
  12. ^ "ThePaceline.com – Sponsors".
[edit ]

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