View source for MP3.com

{{Short description|Defunct music website}}
{{About|the website|the copyright case|UMG v. MP3.com}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox website
| name = MP3.com
| logo = mp3dotcomlogo.PNG
| logo_size = 120px
| commercial = Yes
| type = [[Music]]
| registration = Optional
| owner = {{ubl|[[Vivendi|Vivendi Universal]] (2001–2003)|[[CNET]] (2003–2008)|[[CBS Interactive]] (2008–2019)|[[Paramount Global]] (2019–2024)}}
| author = [[Michael Robertson (businessman)|Michael Robertson]]
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1997|12|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/mp3.com|title=Mp3.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info - DomainTools|work=[[WHOIS]]|access-date=2016年07月19日}}</ref>
| dissolved = {{circa}} {{end date and age|2024|4}}
| current_status = Defunct
}}
'''MP3.com''' was a [[website]] operated by [[Paramount Global]] publishing tabloid-style news items about digital music and artists, songs, services, and technologies. It is better known for its original incarnation as a legal, free music-sharing service, named after the popular music file format [[MP3]], popular with independent [[musicians]] for promoting their work. That service was shut down on December 2, 2003, by CNET, which, after purchasing the domain name (but not MP3.com's technology or music assets), established the current MP3.com site.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/113719/article.html | work=PCWorld | title=MP3.com Shutdown Could Delete Indie Tracks | date=December 3, 2003 | access-date=March 15, 2016 | archive-date=January 23, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123184134/https://www.pcworld.com/article/113719/article.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Original version==
===History===
MP3.com was co-founded in December 1997 by [[Michael Robertson (businessman)|Michael Robertson]] and Greg Flores, as part of Z Company. Z Company ran a variety of websites: filez.com, websitez.com, and sharepaper.com, purchased from Lars Matthiassen.
The idea to purchase the MP3.com domain arose when Flores was monitoring search traffic on filez.com, a [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] search site whose first incarnation provided an easy-to-use graphical interface for searching for various types of files including software, graphics, video, and audio. The first version of files utilized an existing free search engine developed by graduate students (led by Tor Egge, who later founded [[Fast Search and Transfer]] based on this search engine) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Flores noticed in his review of the search logs that people were searching for "mp3".
Robertson told Flores to search for a site that was working with legitimate MP3 information and see if that company would be interested in working with them. Robertson e-mailed the then-owner of MP3.com, Martin Paul, to purchase the URL. The business plan was to use MP3.com to drive more search queries to Filez.com, the source of most of the company revenue at the time. Filez.com's free search results contained pay-for-placement click-through results. MP3.com received over 18,000 unique users in the first 24 hours of making the URL live, and Flores received his first advertising purchase call within 18 hours of launch. The resulting advertising purchase and traffic caused the team to re-direct focus to MP3.com.
In 1998, the [[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]] (NARAS) refused to run an ad that MP3.com had purchased for inclusion in NARAS's ''Grammy Magazine''. The ad said, "What the whole world listens to...Future Grammy winners found here". NARAS's reason for pulling the ad was "the limited number of advertising positions available in the magazine in conjunction with the somewhat controversial nature of your product."<ref>{{Cite news|magazine=The Wire|issue=182|date=April 1999|page=84|last=Young|first=Rob|title=Multi Media}}</ref>
[[Cox Enterprises|Cox Interactive Media]] invested 45ドル million and acquired 10% of MP3.com in June 1999. A few months later, the two companies launched mp3radio.com, a joint project intended to create mini-websites to offer MP3 downloads, concert tickets, and, eventually, CD sales to listeners of Cox's terrestrial radio stations.<ref>[https://apnews.com/709a9b408a027adfafb2270df01ea346 "Cox, MP3.com Plan Music Web Sites", June 9, 1999, Apnewsarchive.com, retrieved December 24, 2016]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9909/02/mp3.radio.idg/index.html?_s=PM:TECH | work=CNN | title=Interactive Media and MP3.com announce the creation of Mp3radio.com | first=Kenneth | last=Li | date=September 2, 1999 | access-date=December 24, 2016}}</ref>
MP3.com went public on July 21, 1999, and raised over 370ドル million, at the time, the single largest technology [[Initial public offering|IPO]] to date. The stock was offered at 28ドル per share, rose to 105ドル per share during the day, and closed at 63ドル.3125.
In its heyday, MP3.com was the Internet home to many independent musicians, each of whom had an individual web presence at the URL www.mp3.com/*name-of-act*. At the end of 1999, MP3.com launched a promotion that allowed these artists to monetize their content on the site. Called "Pay for Play" or P4P, it used an algorithm to pay each MP3.com artist based on the number of streams and downloads of their songs.
Artists provided 96 hours of audio content per day from the summer of 1999 to the summer of 2003: about one song per minute or 16 listening years of audio content over four years. A staff of trained music experts reviewed all content before publication to prevent uploads of unlicensed materials.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}
[[Alanis Morissette]] was an early investor in the site after it sponsored one of her tours.<ref name=ew>{{cite news|last=Morgan|first=Laura|title=Sell Out|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|date=May 25, 2000|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,85238,00.html|access-date=May 21, 2008|archive-date=September 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924063658/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,85238,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She owned nearly 400,000 [[shares]] in the company which she sold off through a series of [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) filings in late 1999 and early 2000.<ref name=ew/><ref name=ad>{{cite news|last=Ketola|first=Jari|title=Alanis Morissette sells MP3.com stock|publisher=After Dawn|date=November 21, 2000|url=http://www.afterdawn.com/news/archive/1688.cfm|access-date=May 21, 2008}}</ref> Her holdings and profit from the venture were 3ドル.4 million at her exit.<ref name=ew/>
At its peak, MP3.com delivered over 4 million [[MP3]] formatted audio files per day to over 800,000 unique users on a customer base of 25 million registered users – about 4 [[terabyte]]s of data delivery per month from three data centers. Engineers at MP3.com designed and built the [[Pressplay]] infrastructure, later purchased by [[Roxio]] on May 19, 2003, which they used as a base to relaunch [[Napster]]. MP3.com also managed [[eMusic]], [[Rolling Stone|Rollingstone.com]] and [[Vivendi Universal]] music properties. MP3.com engineering developed their own [[content delivery network]] and data warehousing technologies handling seven terabytes of customer profile information.
===Infrastructure===
The technology infrastructure at MP3.com consisted of over 1500 simple Intel-based servers running [[Red Hat Linux]] (versions 5.2&ndash;7.2) in load-balanced clusters in data centers run by [[AT&T Corporation|AT&T]], [[Worldcom]] and the now defunct [[Exodus Communications]]. It was one of the first massively scalable Internet architectures for media delivery. The software of choice was [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Perl]], [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]], [[Squid (software)|Squid]], [[MySQL]] some [[Oracle database|Oracle]] and [[Adaptive Server Enterprise|Sybase]]. This architecture routinely pushed 1.2&nbsp;Gbit/s total traffic globally.
===My.MP3.com===
[[File:Mymp3com screenshot.jpg|thumb|right|A screenshot of the service]]
On January 12, 2000, MP3.com launched the "My.MP3.com" service which enabled users to securely register their CDs and then stream digital copies online from the My.MP3.com service. Since consumers could only listen online to music they already proved they owned the company saw this as a great opportunity for revenue by allowing fans to access their music online. The record industry did not see it that way and sued MP3.com claiming that the service constituted unauthorized duplication and promoted copyright infringement.
Judge [[Jed S. Rakoff]], in the case [[UMG v. MP3.com]], ruled in favor of the record labels against MP3.com and the service on the copyright law provision of "making mechanical copies for commercial use without permission from the copyright owner." Before damage was awarded, MP3.com settled with the plaintiff, UMG Recordings, for 53ドル.4 million, in exchange for the latter's permission to use its entire music collection. Later, the firm no longer had sufficient funds to weather the technology downturn. MP3.com was subsequently bought and the new owner did not continue the same service.
===MP3.com sold===
Weakened financially, MP3.com was eventually acquired by [[Vivendi Universal]], the then-owner of [[Universal Studios, Inc.|Universal Studios]], [[Sierra Entertainment]], [[Blizzard Entertainment]] and [[Knowledge Adventure]] in May 2001 at 5ドル per share (23ドル below the IPO share price) or approximately 372ドル million in cash and stock. [[Jean-Marie Messier]], then-CEO of Vivendi Universal, stated "The acquisition of MP3.com was an extremely important step in our strategy to create both a distribution platform and acquire state-of-the-art technology. MP3.com will be a great asset to Vivendi Universal in meeting our goal of becoming the leading online provider of music and related services."<ref>Press release: "Vivendi Universal Closes on Acquisition of MP3.com", August 29, 2001</ref>
Vivendi Universal had difficulties growing the service and eventually dismantled the original site, selling off all of its assets including the URL and logo to CNET in 2003.
E-mails to MP3.com artists and a placeholder message at MP3.com announced that CNET would be coming up with replacement services in the future, based on its current [[download.com]] facilities.
A business unit of MP3.com, [[Trusonic]], which provides background music and messaging services to retailers, acquired licenses with 250,000 artists representing 1.7 million songs. Trusonic partnered with [[GarageBand.com]] to revive these artist accounts. Trusonic retained most of the software technology developed at MP3.com and exists today as part of the Mood Media organization.
On March 25, 2009, MP3.com announced in an editor blog entry that they would begin redirecting all of their artist pages and categories to [[Last.fm]].<ref name="lastfmnews">{{cite web | title=MP3.com | work=Important notice regarding MP3.com | access-date=26 March 2009 | url=http://www.mp3.com/hip-hop/genre/15/show_site_blog_entry.html?genre_id=15&topic_id=3934901#comments | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129022543/http://www.mp3.com/hip-hop/genre/15/show_site_blog_entry.html?genre_id=15&topic_id=3934901%23comments | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 29, 2013 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://mp3.com/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081212013831/https://www.senatehall.com/paper.php?article=21&journal=1%2F A case study of MP3.com by Andrew Burke and Chris Montgomery]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000511111516/https://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2000/riaavmp3.html RIAA Sues MP3.com] - January 2000 article on the music industry's lawsuit against My. MP3.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.mp3.com old mp3.com pages on the internet archive]
*[https://archive.org/details/mp3-com-rescue-barge "An unattributed collection of what is believed to be hundred of thousands of tracks from the shuttered MP3.COM service"], at the Internet Archive
*[https://mp3-2003.computer-legacy.com/ Archived metadata from mp3.com in 2003]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081211211420/https://tags.lyricsfreak.com/MP3.com/ Lyrics Freak site with MP3.com story]
{{CNET}}
{{Music digital distribution platforms}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mp3.Com}}
[[Category:Internet properties established in 1997]]
[[Category:Internet properties disestablished in 2024]]
[[Category:Online music stores of the United States]]
[[Category:Former CBS Interactive websites]]
[[Category:MP3]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1999 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:2003 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:American companies disestablished in 2024]]