Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) is a spectrograph, also with a camera mode, installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. Aerospace engineer Bruce Woodgate of the Goddard Space Flight Center was the principal investigator and creator of the STIS.[1] [2] It operated continuously from 1997 until a power supply failure in August 2004.[3] After repairs, it began operating again in 2009. The spectrograph has made many important observations, including the first spectrum of the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet, HD 209458b.
The STIS was installed on Hubble in 1997 during its second servicing mission (STS-82) by Mark Lee and Steven Smith, replacing the High Resolution Spectrograph and the Faint Object Spectrograph. It was designed to operate for five years. On August 3, 2004, an electronic failure rendered STIS inoperable, ending its use 2 years beyond its predicted lifespan. In order to bring it back to operational status, the instrument was repaired by space shuttle astronauts during STS-125, Servicing Mission 4, launched on May 11, 2009.[4] The crew did a long (many hour) EVA to repair the instrument.[5]
Congratulations, you brought STIS back to life.
— Astronaut J. Grunsfield, 2009[5]
Design
[edit ]STIS is both a spectrograph and an imaging camera, and is focused on ultraviolet light.[5]
The STIS has three ×ばつ1024 detector arrays. The first is a charge-coupled device with a ×ばつ52 arc-second field of view, covering the visible and near-infrared spectrum from 200 nm to 1030 nm.
The other two detectors are Multi-Anode Multichannel Arrays, each with a ×ばつ25 arc-second field of view. One is Cs2Te, and covers the near-UV between 160 nm and 310 nm. The other is CsI and covers the far-UV between 115 nm and 170 nm.[6]
Timeline
[edit ]
- February 14, 1997- STIS installed[3] [5] (STS-82)
- 2001, Switches to Side-2 electronics after a failure in side-1.[7]
- August 3, 2004- STIS goes offline due to side-2 power-failure[3] [5]
- 2009- STIS repaired[5] (STS-125)
- As of 2022[update] Operating on side-2 electronics with all optical and UV channels.[7]
Selected discoveries and observations
[edit ]On its 20th anniversary (1997-2017) NASA noted a selection of discoveries and/or observations conducted with STIS:[8]
- Survey of 20 galaxies to look for black holes
- Study of the Intergalactic Medium
- Study of the Galactic Halo
- Study of Interstellar Medium
- Chemical analysis of an atmosphere of an exoplanet
- Observations of a Dust Disk around Beta Pictoris
- Study of massive stars in R136 (in the Tarantula Nebula)
- Study of the star Eta Carinae
- Study of Supernova 1987A
- Study of flows from an Active Galaxy
See also
[edit ]Other Hubble instruments :
- Advanced Camera for Surveys
- Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
- Faint Object Camera
- Faint Object Spectrograph
- Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph
- Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer
- Wide Field and Planetary Camera
- Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2
- Wide Field Camera 3
References
[edit ]- ^ Tanglao, Leezel (2014年05月01日). "Inventor of the camera used on Hubble telescope has died". CBS News . Retrieved 2014年05月18日.
- ^ "Tributes paid to man who changed the face of space". Eastbourne Herald . 2014年05月09日. Retrieved 2014年05月18日.
- ^ a b c McKee, Maggie (2019年06月30日). "NASA attempts to revive Hubble's main camera". New Scientist . Retrieved 2019年04月10日.
- ^ "Space Telescope Operations Control Center — Flight Day 7". NASA. May 17, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f Gebhardt, Chris (2009年05月17日). "STS-125: Eight hour EVA-4 works STIS repair – Atlantis' TPS overview". NASASpaceFlight.com . Retrieved 2019年04月10日.
- ^ "STIS Instrument Detectors". Space Telescope Science Institute . Retrieved 2019年04月10日.
- ^ a b About STIS
- ^ Hille, Karl (2017年02月28日). "The 20th Anniversary of Hubble's STIS Instrument". NASA. Retrieved 2017年03月20日.
