Ruble
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The ruble or rouble (/ˈruːbəl/ ; Russian: рубль, IPA: [rublj] ) is a currency unit. Currently, currencies named ruble in circulation include the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia and the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus. These currencies are subdivided into one hundred kopeks. No kopek is currently formally subdivided, although denga (1⁄2 kopek) and polushka (1⁄2 denga, thus 1⁄4 kopek) were minted until the 19th century. Additionally, the Transnistrian ruble is used in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway province of Moldova.
Historically, the grivna, ruble and denga were used in Russia as measurements of weight. In 1704, as a result of monetary reforms by Peter the Great, the imperial ruble of the Russian Empire became the first decimal currency. The silver ruble was used until 1897 and the gold ruble was used until 1917. The Soviet ruble officially replaced the imperial ruble in 1922 and continued to be used until 1993, when it was formally replaced with the Russian ruble in the Russian Federation and by other currencies in other post-Soviet states. In the past, several other countries influenced by the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union had currency units that were also named ruble, including the Latvian ruble, Tajikistani ruble and Transcaucasian ruble (later Armenian ruble, Azerbaijani ruble, Georgian ruble).
Countries and territories currently using currency units named "ruble"
[edit ]| Currency | Current users | ISO 4217 code |
|---|---|---|
| Russian ruble | Russian Federation (1992–present) Abkhazia (2008–present) South Ossetia (2008–present) |
RUB (1998–present)[1] RUR (1992–1997)[2] |
| Belarusian ruble | Belarus (1994–present) | BYN (2016–present)[3] BYR (2000–2016)[4] BYB (1994–2000)[5] |
| Transnistrian ruble | Transnistria (1994–present) | - |
Countries and territories historically using currency units named "ruble"
[edit ]See also
[edit ]External links
[edit ]
- Edvinsson, Rodney (10 January 2016). "Historical Currency Converter". Economic history. Historical Statistics. Stockholm University.
References
[edit ]- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 97 - 1997年12月19日" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d e ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 50 - 1992年12月10日 (PDF)
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 161 - 2015年12月18日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 106 - 1999年12月10日" (PDF).
- ^ a b "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 77 - 1994年07月20日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 61 - 1993年07月27日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 69 - 1993年12月03日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 64 - 1993年09月21日" (PDF).
- ^ a b "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 78 - 1994年10月04日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 71 - 1994年04月14日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 72 - 1994年05月17日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 76 - 1994年07月12日" (PDF).
- ^ a b "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 84 - 1995年07月12日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 54 - 1993年03月08日" (PDF).
- ^ John Odling-Smee, Gonzalo Pastor. The IMF and the Ruble Area, 1991—1993 // IMF Working Paper, 2001 Archived 2015年09月24日 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 46 - 1992年07月23日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 48 - 1992年10月29日" (PDF).
- ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 110 - 2000年11月02日" (PDF).