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Polycystine

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Class of single-celled organisms
Polycystine
Skeleton of a polycystine
Skeleton of a polycystine
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Sar
Clade: Rhizaria
Phylum: Retaria
Subphylum: Radiolaria
Class: Polycystina
Ehrenberg, 1838, emend. Haeckel, 1887
Orders[1]

The polycystines are a group of radiolarians. They include the vast majority of the fossil radiolaria, as their skeletons are abundant in marine sediments, making them one of the most common groups of microfossils. These skeletons are composed of opaline silica. In some it takes the form of relatively simple spicules, but in others it forms more elaborate lattices, such as concentric spheres with radial spines or sequences of conical chambers. Two of the orders belonging to this group are the radially-symmetrical Spumellaria, dating back to the late Cambrian period, and the bilaterally-symmetrical Nasselaria, whose origin is placed within the lower Devonian.[2] [3]

Representation of a whole Polycystine
  1. Spine (silica)
  2. Cytokalymma
  3. Axopodium
  4. Filopodium, a cytoplasmic projection
  5. Alveoli, surface cavities or pits
  6. Reticulopodial network
  7. Cortical shell (skeleton)
  8. Central capsule
  9. Nucleus
  10. Axoplast
  11. Medullary shell (silica skeleton)
  12. Digestive vacuole
  13. Phagocytic vacuoles
  14. Prey
  15. Algal symbiont
An illustration of polycystines of the subclass Spumellaria, from Ernst Haeckel's 1904 Kunstformen der Natur (Artforms of Nature)

References

[edit ]
  1. ^ WoRMS (2019). Polycystina. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=235740 on 2019年01月08日
  2. ^ Méndez Sandín, Miguel (10 February 2021). Diversity and Evolution of Nassellaria and Spumellaria (Radiolaria) (PDF). HAL Open Science.
  3. ^ Lazarus, David; Suzuki, Noritoshi; Ishitani, Yoshiyuki; Takahashi, Kozo (2021年03月08日). Paleobiology of the Polycystine Radiolaria (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781119697480. ISBN 978-0-470-67144-3.
[edit ]
Rhizaria classification
Granofilosea
Chlorarachnea a
Eoglissa
Metromonadea
Helkesea af
Sarcomonadea*af
Imbricatea
Silicofilosea
Thecofilosea
Ventricleftia
Tectosia
Phaeodaria h
Eothecia
Marimyxia
Gromiidea
Ascetosporea s
Proteomyxia
Vampyrellidea
Phytomyxea m
Sticholonchea
Acantharea
Polycystinea
Monothalamea*
Tubothalamea
Globothalamea
incertae sedis
Rhizaria incertae sedis
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