Imereti
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Imereti
იმერეთი | |
|---|---|
From the top to bottom-right: Kutaisi, Okatse Canyon, Katskhi Pillar, Sulori Gorge, Tkibuli Reservoir | |
| Overlapping borders of de jure Imereti region and de facto South Ossetia[a] Overlapping borders of de jure Imereti region and de facto South Ossetia [a] | |
| Country | Georgia |
| Capital | Kutaisi |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Zviad Shalamberidze [1] (Georgian Dream) |
| Area | |
• Total | 6,680 km2 (2,580 sq mi) |
| Population (2024)[2] | |
• Total | 442,373 |
| • Density | 66/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Gross Regional Product | |
| • Total | ₾ 5.51 billion (2022) |
| • Per capita | ₾ 11,444 (2022) |
| ISO 3166 code | GE-IM |
| Districts | 11 districts, 1 city |
| HDI (2021) | 0.800 [4] very high · 3rd |
| Website | imereti.ge |
.jpg){kind=link}
![Overlapping borders of de jure Imereti region and de facto South Ossetia[a]](/index.cgi/contrast/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Imereti_in_Georgia_(disputed_hatched).svg){kind=link}
Imereti (Georgian: იმერეთი, pronounced [imeɾethi] ) is a region of Georgia situated in the central-western part of the republic along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River. Imereti is the most populous region in Georgia. It consists of 11 municipalities and the city of Kutaisi, which is the capital of the region.
Subdivisions
[edit ]The Imereti region has one self governing city (Kutaisi) and 11 municipalities with 163 administrative communities (temi), totalling to 549 populated settlements:
- Eleven cities: Baghdati, Chiatura, Khoni, Kutaisi, Sachkhere, Samtredia, Terjola, Tkibuli, Tsqaltubo, Vani and Zestaponi;
- Three dabas: Kharagauli, Kulashi and Shorapani;
- Villages: 535
Economy
[edit ]Aside from the capital Kutaisi, significant towns and regional centres include Samtredia, Chiatura (manganese production centre), Tkibuli (coal mining centre), Zestaponi (known for metals production), Vani, Khoni, and Sachkhere. Traditionally, Imereti is an agricultural region, known for its mulberries and grapes.
Demographics
[edit ]The 800,000[citation needed ] Imeretians speak the Imeretian dialect, one of the Northwest dialects of the Georgian language. It is itself subdivided into Upper and Lower Imeretian.[5] They are one of the local culture-groups of the ethnically subdivided Georgian people.
| Demographic history of the Imereti region[6] | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002* | 2002** | 2014 | 2021 | |||||||||||
| Imereti | Increase 651,959 | Increase 718,558 | Increase 739,189 | Increase 772,251 | Decrease 699,410 | Decrease 632,126 | Decrease 533,906 | Decrease 481,473 | ||||||||||
| City of Kutaisi | Increase 128,203 | Increase 162,787 | Increase 194,297 | Increase 234,870 | Decrease 185,965 | - | Decrease 147,635 | Decrease 134,378 | ||||||||||
| Baghdati Municipality | Increase 29,560 | Increase 30,973 | Decrease 30,056 | Decrease 29,053 | Increase 29,235 | - | Decrease 21,582 | Decrease 18,363 | ||||||||||
| Chiatura Municipality | Increase 64,562 | Increase 72,059 | Decrease 69,582 | Decrease 68,501 | Decrease 56,341 | - | Decrease 39,884 | Decrease 38,231 | ||||||||||
| Kharagauli Municipality | Increase 36,486 | Decrease 35,591 | Decrease 31,948 | Decrease 28,702 | Decrease 27,885 | - | Decrease 19,473 | Decrease 18,571 | ||||||||||
| Khoni Municipality | Increase 32,548 | Increase 32,718 | Increase 37,968 | Decrease 34,979 | Decrease 31,749 | - | Decrease 23,570 | Decrease 21,123 | ||||||||||
| Sachkhere Municipality*** | Increase 38,202 | Increase 45,552 | Decrease 44,859 | Increase 44,968 | Increase 46,590 | - | Decrease 37,775 | Decrease 34,848 | ||||||||||
| Samtredia Municipality | Increase 62,556 | Increase 67,141 | Decrease 65,400 | Decrease 64,504 | Decrease 60,456 | - | Decrease 48,562 | Decrease 43,448 | ||||||||||
| Terjola Municipality | Increase 43,847 | Increase 46,438 | Decrease 44,709 | Decrease 44,019 | Increase 45,496 | - | Decrease 35,563 | Decrease 31,427 | ||||||||||
| Tkibuli Municipality | Increase 44,411 | Decrease 42,733 | Decrease 39,451 | Decrease 36,686 | Increase 31,132 | - | Decrease 20,839 | Decrease 17,898 | ||||||||||
| Tsqaltubo Municipality | Increase 62,389 | Increase 67,086 | Increase 69,738 | Increase 75,061 | Increase 73,889 | - | Decrease 56,883 | Decrease 46,803 | ||||||||||
| Vani Municipality | Increase 40,999 | Increase 41,505 | Decrease 38,346 | Decrease 35,369 | Decrease 34,464 | - | Decrease 24,512 | Decrease 21,241 | ||||||||||
| Zestaponi Municipality | Increase 68,196 | Increase 73,975 | Decrease 72,835 | Increase 75,539 | Increase 76,208 | - | Decrease 57,628 | Decrease 55,142 | ||||||||||
| * Research after 2014 census showed the 2002 census was inflated by 8-9 percent.[7] **Corrected data based on retro-projection 1994–2014 in collaboration with UN[8] *** Part of Sachkhere is outside Georgian government authority and has not been counted since 2002. | ||||||||||||||||||
History
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In ancient times, the region was a part of the Kingdom of Colchis, until it was conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus. After the Third Mithridatic War, Colchis was under loose Roman control, and unsuccessfully revolted in 69 AD under Anicetus.[9] After the collapse of Colchis, the kingdom of Lazica was established in 131 AD as a Roman vassal. Tzath I was the first Christian king of Lazica,[10] being baptized in Constantinople in 523 AD, and fighting alongside Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I in the Iberian War.[11] In 541 AD, the region became the theatre of the Lazic War between Justinian I and Sasanian Persian emperor Khosrow I.[12]
Between 750 and 985, Imereti was ruled by a dynasty of native princes, but was devastated by hostile incursions, reviving only after it became united to Georgia.[12] After the Mongol invasions of Georgia, Imereti was intermittently part of the independent Kingdom of Western Georgia, until being reunited in 1415 as the Duchy of Samokalako under the united Georgian Kingdom.[13] Since that kingdom's disintegration in the 15th century, Imereti was an independent kingdom from 1466 onwards.[14]
In the 17th–18th centuries, the kingdom of Imereti experienced frequent invasions by the Turks and paid patronage to the Ottoman Empire until 1810, when it was invaded and annexed by the Russian Empire. The last King of Imereti was Solomon II (1789–1810).
From 1918 to 1921, Imereti was part of the independent Democratic Republic of Georgia. Within the USSR, the region was part of the Transcaucasian SFSR from 1922 to 1936, and part of the Georgian SSR from 1936 to 1991. Since Georgian independence in 1991, Imereti has been a region of Georgia with Kutaisi as the regional capital.
See also
[edit ]Notes
[edit ]- ^ South Ossetia's status is disputed. It considers itself to be an independent state, but this is recognised by only a few other countries. The Georgian government and most of the world's other states consider South Ossetia de jure a part of Georgia's territory.
- ^ Nominal area 6,680 km2, de facto controlled by Georgia 6,415 km2.
References
[edit ]- ^ "New Governor of Imereti Appointed".
- ^ "Population and Demography - Population by cities and boroughs as of 1 January". National Statistics Office of Georgia (Geostat). Retrieved 2021年11月26日.
- ^ "Regional Gross Domestic Product" (PDF).
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018年09月13日.
- ^ Kevin Tuite (1987). The geography of Georgian q'e (PDF). 5th Conference on the Non-Slavic Languages of the USSR, Chicago. Retrieved 2007年03月27日.
- ^ "Divisions of Georgia". Population Statistics Eastern Europe and former USSR. Retrieved 2022年02月04日.
- ^ "Population Dynamics in Georgia - An Overview Based on the 2014 General Population Census Data" (PDF). National Statistics Office of Georgia, Geostat. 2017年11月29日. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 2022年02月04日.
- ^ "Retro-projection of main demographic indicators for the period 1994-2014". National Statistics Office of Georgia, Geostat. 2018年05月18日. pp. 3, Table 1. Retrieved 2022年02月04日.
- ^ Woods, David (2006). "Tacitus, Nero, and the 'Pirate' Anicetus" in Latomus 65(3)
- ^ Odisheli 2018, p. 1541.
- ^ Greatrex & Lieu 2002, p. 82.
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Imeretia". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 331.
- ^ Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle - 1re partie. St. Petersburg: Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
- ^ Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1856). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle - IIe partie: Histoire moderne. Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Bibliography
[edit ]- Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). London, United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14687-9.
- Odisheli, Manana (2018). "Tsathes I". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8.
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