Ilyushin Il-54

The Il-54 was a transonic bomber developed in the USSR in the 1950s. Only two examples were built before the project was abandoned.

The Council of Ministers issued a directive to OKB-115, for a transonic bomber prototype to be submitted for State Acceptance Trials in July 1954. The design of this bomber went through several stages before settling on the final configuration.^[1]

The Il-54, as built, had a very thin 45 degree swept wing with anhedral, which was shoulder-mounted on the fuselage. The Lyulka AL-7 engines were housed in slim, pylon mounted, pods at approximately 1/3 span. Because the wings and engine nacelles were too small to house a conventional undercarriage, the Il-54 used a bicycle undercarriage arrangement, with nose and main gear units on the centreline of the aircraft, at each end of the bomb bay. This arrangement meant a conventional rotating takeoff would be impossible. To enable the Il-54 to take off, in a reasonable runway length, the main gear knelt and the nose gear extended to give the ideal angle of incidence for takeoff (10 degrees).^[1]

Flight trials of the Il-54 commenced in April 1955 with test pilot Vladimir Kokkinaki at the controls. Difficult handling during the landing run was rectified by modifying the undercarriage.^[1]

Production of the Il-54 was not proceeded with, due to competition from Yak-25 derivatives, and the belief that crewed aircraft would soon be replaced by missiles.^[1]

Booked to fly in the flypast at Tushino Airfield in 1956, the Il-54 was dropped from the flying programme. The aircraft was then shown to a US military delegation at Kubinka. The delegation was told that the Il-54 was the Il-149, as part of a deception programme. As a result, the Il-54 was assigned far more importance than it actually warranted, and was assigned the NATO reporting name ("Blowlamp") after it had ceased flying.^[1]

Datafrom:OKB Ilyushin^[1]

• Il-54T - Torpedo Bomber (project)
• Il-54U - Trainer (project)
• Il-54R - Photo-Reconnaissance (project)

Data from OKB Ilyushin^[1]

General characteristics

• Crew: 3
• Length: 28.963m (95ft 0in)
• Wingspan: 17.65m (57ft 11in)
• Wing area: 84.6m² (911sqft)
• Gross weight: 40,400kg (89,067lb) (1st prototype)
  

40,660kg (89,640lb) (2nd prototype)

• Max takeoff weight: 41,600kg (91,712lb)
• Powerplant: 2 ×ばつ Lyulka AL-7 turbojet engines, 75.537kN (16,981lbf) thrust each with water injection (1st prototype)
  

2x Lyulka AL-7F 98.1kN (22,100lbf) with afterburning (2nd prototype)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 1,150km/h (710mph, 620kn) at 5,000m (16,000ft) (1st prototype)
  

1,250km/h (780mph; 670kn) at 5,000m (16,000ft) (2nd prototype)

• Landing speed: 243km/h (151mph; 131kn)
• Take-off run: 1,150m (3,770ft)
• Landing run: 1,150m (3,770ft)
• Range: 2,057km (1,278mi, 1,111nmi)
• Ferry range: 2,312km (1,437mi, 1,248nmi) with drop tanks
• Service ceiling: 13,630m (44,720ft) (1st prototype)
  

14,000m (46,000ft) (2nd prototype)

• Rate of climb: 25.25m/s (4,970ft/min)
• Time to altitude: 5,000m (16,000ft) in 3.3 minutes

Armament

• Guns: * 1x 23mm (0.906in) Nudelman-Rikhter AM-23 cannon in the port forward fuselage.
• 2x 23mm (0.906in) Nudelman-Rikhter AM-23 cannon in the remotely controlled tail barbette
• Bombs: 3,000kg (6,600lb) of bombs (normal), 5,000kg (11,000lb) of bombs (overload)

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Sud Aviation Vautour
• Yakovlev Yak-26
• Yakovlev Yak-28

• "Il-54, Il-149, S.V.Ilyushin 'Blowlamp'". Russian Aviation Museum. Archived from the original on 2008年10月24日. Retrieved 2008年10月26日.