Hill Miri dialect
| Nyishi (Kamle) | |
|---|---|
| Sarak | |
| Region | Arunachal Pradesh |
| Ethnicity | Nyishi (Kamle) people |
Native speakers | 10,000 (2008)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis)Individual code: mrg – (included under Plains Miri) |
| Glottolog | None |
| ELP | Hill Miri |
Nyishi (Kamle) or Sarak is a Tani language of India. It is spoken in Arunachal Pradesh by an estimated 9,000 people of the Nyishi tribe.[2] It appears to be a dialect of the Nishi language.[3]
Though Hili Miri is listed under Mising [mrg] in Ethnologue , Burling and Sun–experts on the Aranuchal Pradesh and Tani languages–treat Hill Miri and Mising as separate and distinct languages belonging to different branches of the Tani subgroup.[1]
Description
[edit ]Nyishi (muri-mugli) is a member of the Tani branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages and is considered a dialect of the Nishi language. It is spoken by 9,000 people in the northern regions of India by the Nyishi people of Kamle.[1] It is threatened because the younger generation is slowly breaking away from their people's traditions and language.[4] [5] Many audio books of gospel narratives in the Nyishi language of Kamle have been collected.
History of scholarship
[edit ]George Abraham Grierson, in his survey of India regarding its linguistics, researched the Nyishi language and published a record over a century ago.[citation needed ]
Phonology
[edit ]Consonants
[edit ]The following table includes an inventory of Nyishi (Kamle) consonants.[6]
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ [7] | ŋ | |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | c [8] | k |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ [9] | ɡ | |
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||
| Trill? | r | ||||
Vowels are front /i,e/, central /ɨ,ʉ,ə,a/,[10] and back /u,o/. Vowels occur long and short.
Grammar
[edit ]
The basic Nyishi (Kamle) grammar and basic word order are like those of related Sino-Tibetan languages, similar to that of Nishi.
Numerals
[edit ]| Nyishi (Kamle) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | aken |
| 2 | eñi |
| 3 | oum |
| 4 | epi |
| 5 | ango/angngo |
| 6 | ake |
| 7 | kenne |
| 8 | pine |
| 9 | kora |
| 10 | íri |
Pronouns
[edit ]Personal
[edit ]| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ngo | ngu-lu |
| 2nd person | no | nu-lu |
| 3rd person | bu, bú | bu-lu, bú-lu |
References
[edit ]- ^ a b c "Did you know Hill Miri is threatened?". Endangered Languages. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
- ^ Moseley, Christopher (2007). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Routledge. p. 298. ISBN 978-0-7007-1197-0. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
- ^ Post, Mark W. (9 August 2013). Defoliating the Tani Stammbaum: An exercise in areal linguistics. 13th Himalayan Languages Symposium. Canberra, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Aptani, Hill Miri, Nishi". Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011.
- ^ Nabam Tadar Rikam (2005). Emerging religious Identities of Arunachal Pradesh. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-8324-032-1. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ Ju Namkung, ed. (1996). Phonological inventories of Tibeto-Burman languages (PDF). STEDT Monograph Series. Vol. 3. Center for Southeast Asia Studies, University of California. ISBN 0-944613-28-4. LCCN 96-71235.
- ^ Value unclear, perhaps [nj]?
- ^ Value unclear, perhaps [t͡ʃ]?
- ^ Value unclear, perhaps [d͡ʒ]?
- ^ Transcribed ⟨ɯ,y,ɤ,a⟩ in Namkung
Further reading
[edit ]- Abraham, P. T. (2005). A Grammar of Nyishi Language (PDF). Farsight Publishers and Distributors. ISBN 81-89297-07-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015.
- Dryer, Matthew S. (2008). "Word order in Tibeto-Burman languages" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 31 (1): 1–83. doi:10.32655/LTBA.31.1.01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2010.
- Goswami, S. N. (1995). Nishing (Bangni) Language Guide. Government of Arunachal Pradesh. ISBN 81-7516-094-2.
- Simon, Ivan Martin (1976). Hill Miri language guide. Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh.
- Shri Aduk Tayeng (1990). Nishi Phrase book (PDF). Government of Arunachal Pradesh.
