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Flamingo Revolution

2026 anti-government protests in Albania

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Flamingo Revolution
Part of the Southeast Europe protests (2024–present) and the Gen Z protests
Protesters in Tirana on 4 June 2026
Date23 May 2026 – present
Location

40°31′21′′N 19°23′18′′E / 40.52250°N 19.38833°E / 40.52250; 19.38833
Caused by
Goals
  • Cancellation or review of the resort contracts
  • Review of planning, environmental, and property procedures
  • Resignation of the Rama IV Government
Methods
StatusOngoing
  • Licences of two private security companies revoked
  • SPAK investigation opened
Parties
Lead figures

Decentralised leadership

Casualties
Arrested15 protesters subject to criminal proceedings; 3 people arrested in connection with violence against a protester

The Flamingo Revolution (Albanian: Revolucioni i Flamingove) is an ongoing series of anti-government protests in Albania. On 23 May 2026, demonstrations against groundwork on a proposed luxury tourism development began in and around the village of Zvërnec, in Vlorë County.[13] The project, primarily backed by the American investor Jared Kushner, the son-in-law of President of the United States Donald Trump, has received preliminary approval from the government, and is planned to incorporate environmentally protected land on the island of Sazan and on the coast near Zvërnec.[14] Flamingos, which use these areas as breeding grounds, are frequently used as a symbol by protesters, hence the term "Flamingo Revolution".[15]

Protesters clashed with private security on 30 May,[16] and three people were arrested in connection to violence against protesters.[17] Demonstrations subsequently expanded to other parts of Albania and among the Albanian diaspora.[18] Thousands have marched in the capital city of Tirana,[19] taking a broader stance against political corruption and a lack of government transparency.[20] [21] Some sources have described the demonstrations as Gen Z protests due to Generation Z's prominent role in their organization and symbolism.[22] [23]

Prime Minister Edi Rama, who has been called on to resign by numerous protesters,[24] reiterated his support for the resort and rejected allegations of misconduct.[25] He claimed that the protests were part of a "hybrid war" used by enemies of Albania and of Israel.[26] Although antisemitic conspiracy theories have spread, falsely stating that the land was sold to Israel or that Israeli settlers were planning to settle Sazan, most protesters do not support these claims.[15] Opposition leader Sali Berisha, who also supports the resort,[11] has faced calls to resign alongside Rama.[24]

Background

Sazan Island Resort

Main article: Sazan Island Resort

Ivanka Trump and her husband, Jared Kushner, first visited Albania in July 2021, traveling the entire coastline on the yacht of Nathaniel Rothschild, a friend of theirs.[27] [28] While having a swim, Trump and Kushner encountered the uninhabited, biodiverse island of Sazan, an abandoned military base, and were surprised it had remained undeveloped.[29] [30] Prime Minister Edi Rama met them on the yacht and discussed investment opportunities with Kushner a year later.[30] [31]

In March 2024, Kushner announced plans to invest in Sazan and the nearby coastal area on the mainland, near the village of Zvërnec.[13] Environmental groups such as BirdLife have connected Kushner's tourism development project to an amendment to Albania's Protected Areas Law,[32] passed shortly prior.[13] It exempted "structures of excellence, 5 stars or more", and related hospitality activities from restrictions on construction in environmentally protected areas, such as where the project was proposed.[30]

The Albanian government granted the Sazan project strategic investment status on 30 December 2025, noting that it would occupy 565 hectares and some 45 hectares would be developed.[33] In 2025, Prime Minister Rama said that Albania "can't afford not to exploit a gift like Sazan" and needed luxury tourism.[29] The land on Sazan was sold in a 1ドル.4-billion deal which locals and parliamentarians were unaware of until newspapers reported it.[29] [31] Afterwards, Albanians began referring to Sazan as "Trump Island" (Ishulli i Trumpëve).[29]

Kushner also has plans for a second site: the undeveloped coastal stretch of Pishë Poro-Narta within the Vjosa–Narta Protected Landscape.[30] It is home to endangered species such as monk seals, sea turtles and over 200 bird species, including flamingos and pelicans.[30] Over 10,000 accommodation units are planned.[13] [14] Kushner said that he wanted "to create the ideal resort that I'd want to be at with my family and with my friends", and that the government had been very cooperative.[29] According to Rama, the projects together are worth up to 5ドル billion.[31]

Ivanka Trump is also linked to the project. She mentioned her and Kushner's plans on podcasts,[29] bringing them to wider attention.[30] Her description of Sazan as their "private island" angered Albanians.[28] The project became the subject of public debate. Opponents, including local residents and environmental organizations, expressed concerns regarding the potential environmental impact of the development and raised questions concerning land ownership within the project area.[16] Representatives of the project stated that the development was being pursued in accordance with Albanian law and applicable planning procedures.[34]

In May 2026, Reporter.al, the Albanian outlet of the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, reported that Zvërnec South Adriatic Development was established in August 2024 and was owned by Dutch Trust Management B.V. The company is linked through a network of shell companies to the Sazan Island project and to Qatari investor brothers Ramez Al-Khayyat and Mohamad Al-Khayyat. The outlet also reported that the company had secured two development permits from the National Territorial Council for tourist resorts in Zvërnec, although the permits had not been officially published, and that later preparatory fencing and access-road works were carried out after company representatives presented inspectors with an AZHT document that Reporter.al said was still awaiting formal approval and signatures.[13] [35] During the 2026 protests, Rama confirmed Kushner and Trump's involvement but also said that there was a wider group of investors and architects from Denmark, France, Greece, Japan, and Turkey.[30]

Beginning of the protests

In late April 2026, the company Zvërnec South Adriatic Development fenced off part of the protected coastal area of Zvërnec-Portonovo, using a disputed work permit, as part of the preparations for a tourism development project.[36] [34] On 30 May 2026, activists and local residents were assaulted by private security personnel. Police were present but did not intervene as a demonstrator was dragged inside the fenced area.[36] These events expanded the local dispute into mass protests in Tirana.

Protests

May 2026

On 23 May, local residents and environmental activists gathered near the Narta Lagoon to protest the barbed-wire fencing of Pishë Poro-Narta beach, part of the protected Vjosa–Narta landscape. According to Reporter.al, protesters carried banners defending the natural environment and opposing what they described as the seizure of local property by business interests linked to the government.[13]

On 30 May, demonstrators gathered near the project site in Portonovo. During the protest, confrontations occurred between protesters and private security personnel present at the site.[37] Videos and photographs published by Albanian activists and journalists showed physical altercations and the use of pepper spray during the incident. According to local reporting, pepper spray also affected police officers and Lëvizja Bashkë's activist and journalist Loreta Koleci.[16] [37] Following the events, Albanian authorities announced investigations into the conduct of individuals involved.[38]

The Albanian Helsinki Committee later stated that, according to its monitoring, the protest had begun peacefully and escalated after a local resident participating in the demonstration was forcibly dragged inside the fenced construction area by civilians who were not part of the contracted Myrto private-security structure. The committee called for a full investigation into the use of force by unauthorized persons and into reports that pepper spray had affected both protesters and police officers.[39]

June 2026

Protesters on 4 June

On 1 June, protests expanded to Tirana. Euronews reported that people took to the streets of the Albanian capital against the resort project, while protesters chanted "Albania belongs to Albanians" and carried placards reading "Hands off Vjosa-Narta".[19]

On 2 June, demonstrations continued in Tirana, where thousands of demonstrators gathered in Skanderbeg Square before marching towards the prime minister's office. Under the slogan "Albania is not for sale", protesters carried banners criticizing the involvement of Jared Kushner and his wife, Ivanka Trump, demanding the immediate cancellation of the development contracts due to a perceived lack of transparency.[40] [41] Organized groups refused a subsequent offer by Prime Minister Edi Rama to meet with a 20-person delegation, choosing instead to sustain ongoing public demonstrations.[40]

On 3 June, demonstrations continued in Tirana, with thousands of citizens chanting "Resignation", "Rama in prison, Berisha in prison", "Opposition sold out", demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Edi Rama and his government and opposition leader Sali Berisha, who support the project, and also the repeal of changes to the law on protected areas.[24] [42] The Associated Press reported that the demonstrators broke through a police cordon and police used water cannon to disperse the crowd.[43] The protesters were attempting to reach both Mother Teresa Square and Arena Kombëtare, where a match between Albania and Israel was about to start.[44] Reuters photographs from the same day showed demonstrators clashing with police during a protest against the planned resort.[14] Protesters also carried flamingo cutouts and inflatable flamingos, referencing the wildlife of the Vjosa–Narta wetlands.[43] Protests also occurred outside the Democratic Party of Albania's headquarters, criticizing the party's position on the project and Sali Berisha's support for it.[45] A few protesters also took anti-Israeli stances, claiming that the takeover was part of an "Israeli agenda" to take over Zvërnec, which some sources characterized as misinformation or conspiracy theories.[15]

On 4 June, for the fifth day in a row, several thousand protesters marched towards the Prime Minister's office in Tirana, demanding, among other things, the resignation of the government.[46] Reuters reported that demonstrators again held pink inflatable flamingos and chanted "revolution" and "stop the project".[47] [48]

On 5 June, the sixth day of the protest, protesters continued demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister, and political changes in the country.[49]

On 6 June, the seventh consecutive day of the protests, there were continued calls for the resignation of the government,[50] along with demands to repeal the strategic investor framework.[51]

On 7 June, the eighth consecutive day of the protests in Tirana, protesters in Shkodër paraded in the streets of the city and in front of the city hall, calling upon more participation by other citizens in the city by chanting a new slogan, "get up from the coffee shop".[52] [53] Rama was spotted wearing a flamingo t-shirt when visiting the city.[54] Albanian-Australian lawyer and swimmer Eva Buzo participated in the protests in Tirana.[55]

On 8 June, the ninth consecutive day of protests in Tirana, with demonstrators once again marching from Skanderbeg Square towards the Prime Minister's office. Protesters continued to demand the resignation of the government and political change, while chanting slogans such as "Albania is not for sale", "Revolution", and "Rama in prison, Berisha in prison". During the protest, tensions emerged after members of the Democratic Party Youth Forum (FRPD), a party officially against the protest, attempted to join the demonstration. After the chant "Berisha is finished", some FRPD members confronted activists of Lëvizja Bashkë and its member of parliament Redi Muçi, calling on him to leave the protest.[12] In response, other demonstrators chanted for FRPD members to leave, accusing them of attending the protest only to create division among participants. Organizers also announced a change in strategy, limiting public speeches to a small number of selected representatives from fields such as science and education. The protest attracted international media attention, including live coverage by Reuters.

International protests

Solidarity rallies and protest calls were announced among Albanian diaspora communities in Europe and North America. According to BalkanWeb, rallies were planned for 5 June 2026 in Berlin, Munich and Stockholm, followed by planned gatherings on 6 June in Milan, Florence, London, New York City and Toronto. Further rallies were announced for Brussels and Bologna on 7 June, Skopje on 8 June, and another New York rally on 15 June.[56]

Germany

On 5 June, hundreds of people gathered near the Albanian Embassy in Berlin and protested the project alongside a number of other issues such as pensions, work conditions, education and for a government that thinks about the youth.[57]

Italy

On 6 June, around 2,000 people gathered in Milan to join the protests, holding signs, singing national songs and shouting slogans against the Albanian government.[18] Meanwhile, on the same day, 450 people gathered in Florence for a similar protest.[58]

Symbols

The "Flamingo Eagle" graphic used during the protests.

Flamingos became the main symbol of the protests, which were described by several media outlets as the "Flamingo Revolution".[59] [15] The symbol refers to the wildlife of the Vjosa–Narta wetland ecosystem, where flamingos are among the species associated with the protected area.[14] [43] During demonstrations, protesters carried flamingo cutouts and inflatable flamingos.[43] [47]

Some protest imagery replaced the eagle on the flag of Albania with flamingos and changed the red background to blue, a reference to the sea and wetland ecosystem.[60] BalkanWeb described the flamingo as a civic protest symbol that was not directly associated with an existing Albanian political party.[61]

The Straw Hats' Jolly Roger flag from One Piece was also reported to have appeared at the protests.[23] The flag has been used in other youth-led protest movements internationally as a symbol of resistance to authority.[62]

Reactions

Albanian State Police and the judiciary

Following the 30 May incident, the Albanian State Police announced investigations into events at the protest site. The General Directorate of State Police subsequently suspended the Director of Police of Vlorë, stating that information initially released regarding the incident had been inaccurate.[16]

Police authorities also announced criminal proceedings against 15 protesters, while two private security employees were placed under investigation.[16] On 1 June 2026, State Police revoked the licences of the private security companies Myrto Security 1.3A and Major Security, citing violations connected to violence during the Zvërnec protest.[63] On 3 June 2026, BalkanWeb reported that two additional people had been arrested in connection with the dragging of a protester during the 30 May incident. According to the report, police stated that the two did not appear as registered private security guards.[17]

On 2 June 2026, Albania's Special Anti-Corruption Structure (SPAK) announced that it had officially opened a preliminary corruption investigation into how the coastal land titles within the development zone were processed and transferred to private entities.[64] [65] The Guardian later reported that SPAK had launched an inquiry into controversial legislative changes adopted in 2024 regarding protected areas.[21]

Government and developers

Prime Minister Edi Rama rejected allegations regarding the unlawful transfer of public property, stating that the land included in the project had been legally acquired by private owners.[66] On 2 June, Rama rejected demands to cancel the project. SeeNews reported that he said there was "no chance" the investment would stop while he remained in office, describing it as a major foreign investment intended to support Albania's tourism development.[25] The Associated Press also quoted Rama as saying that Albania should not fear a project involving partners investing 4 billion euros.[43]

Three days later, Rama further stated that the protests were being orchestrated by the enemies of "Albania and Israel", specifically citing Iran.[26] Esmail Baghaei, spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran, publicly denied it, calling such claims a "laughable accusation" and a way to deflect public demands in the country.[67]

In a public statement, the developer stated that the project was being carried out in accordance with Albanian law and applicable planning procedures.[34] Reuters quoted Asher Abehsera, chairman of Sazan Real Estate Development LLC, as saying that the developers' focus remained on "responsible stewardship, environmental enhancement, job creation, and creating long-term value for local communities".[14]

Environmental organizations

Environmental organizations opposed the project on the grounds that it threatened the Vjosa–Narta wetland ecosystem and protected coastal habitats. Reuters reported that PPNEA-BirdLife Albania called for construction to halt and heavy machinery to be removed from the protected area.[14] The Guardian quoted PPNEA executive director Aleksandër Trajçe as saying that the project had lacked transparency, public consultation and public documentation regarding permits, and that talks could begin only if bulldozers and fencing were removed and habitats restored.[21]

International response

The delegation of the European Union in Albania requested information from Albanian authorities regarding developments in the area. Representatives of the delegation emphasized the importance of environmental protection and conservation standards within Albania's European Union accession process.[32] On 7 June 2026, the European Commission warned that the proposed project could complicate the country's EU accession process. Brussels stated that Albania must comply with EU environmental legislation (specifically the green Chapter 27, including the "Birds and the Habitats Directives") and reiterated concerns over recent changes to the country's protected areas and strategic investments laws.[68]

On 31 May 2026, the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed concern over the events in Zvërnec, stating that a Greek citizen had been injured during a protest concerning residents' property rights. The ministry said that the Greek Embassy in Tirana had requested full clarification of the incident and accountability from Albanian authorities, and emphasized the importance of rule of law, minority property rights and environmental protection in the context of Albania's alignment with the European acquis.[69]

In Italy, the Greens and Left Alliance, specifically Angelo Bonelli, condemned Edi Rama, stating that he was selling out his country's natural patrimony to foreign investors and stating his solidarity with the protests.[70]

The Israeli Ambassador to Tirana, Galit Peleg, stated that the presence of anti-Israeli slogans, messages and symbols by a portion of the protesters could fuel antisemitism. She also commented that "banners displayed at the protest reminded her of Germany in the 1930s".[71]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Some of the protesters claimed that Israel was attempting to colonize Albania, using Kushner's Jewish background and Israeli investments as evidence.[2] [3] [4]
  2. ^ Although an opposition politician, Berisha opposed the protests and their demands. As a result, some protesters and commentators portrayed him as aligned with Prime Minister Edi Rama on the issue, leading to accusations that the two were acting as "partners" and him becoming a target of the protests.

References

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