Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria
| Ferdinand II | |
|---|---|
| Portrait by Francesco Terzi | |
| Archduke of Further Austria | |
| Reign | 25 July 1564 – 24 January 1595 |
| Predecessor | Ferdinand I |
| Successor | Matthias |
| Born | (1529年06月14日)14 June 1529 Linz, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 24 January 1595(1595年01月24日) (aged 65) Innsbruck, County of Tyrol, Holy Roman Empire |
| Spouse | |
| Issue more... |
|
| House | Habsburg |
| Father | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Mother | Anna of Hungary |
Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (Linz, 14 June 1529 – 24 January 1595, Innsbruck) was ruler of Further Austria and since 1564 Imperial count of Tyrol. The son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was married to Philippine Welser in his first marriage. In his second marriage to Anna Juliana Gonzaga, he was the father of Anna of Tyrol, future Holy Roman Empress.
Biography
[edit ]
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was the second son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. He was a younger brother of Emperor Maximilian II.
He grew up in Innsbruck, where his father governed the Austrian hereditary lands on behalf of Ferdinand's uncle Charles V.
Ferdinand was said to be the favorite son of his father. He was described by a visiting dignitary to court as "handsome and friendlier" than his brother Maximilian.[citation needed ]
Ferdinand and his siblings were raised very strictly and given a thorough education. Among his teachers were Kaspar Ursinus Velius and Georg Tannstätter. Ferdinand and his brother were educated in languages, and other young noble boys were invited to court to be educated alongside the two archdukes. They were not to speak to them in German, only in Latin, Czech or other foreign languages.[citation needed ]
Ferdinand was also instructed in the Catholic religion and their God-given right to rule, and that this was a gift based on the condition that they were to fear and love God.
At the behest of his father, he was put in charge of the administration of Bohemia in 1547. He also led the campaign against the Turks in Hungary in 1556.[1]
In 1557, he was secretly married to Philippine Welser, daughter of a patrician from Augsburg, with whom he had several children. The marriage was only accepted by Emperor Ferdinand I in 1559 under the condition of secrecy. The children were to receive the name "of Austria" but would only be entitled to inherit if the House of Habsburg became totally extinct in the male line, and thus the marriage had many qualities of a morganatic marriage. The sons born of this marriage received the title Margrave of Burgau, an ancient Habsburg possession in Further Austria. The younger of the sons, who survived their father, later received the princely title of Fürst zu Burgau.[2]
After his father's death in 1564, Ferdinand became the ruler of Tyrol and other Further Austrian possessions under his father's will. However, he remained governor of Bohemia in Prague until 1567, according to the wishes of his brother Maximilian II.[citation needed ]
In his own lands, Ferdinand made sure that the Catholic Counter-Reformation would prevail. He also was instrumental in promoting the Renaissance in central Europe and was an avid collector of art. He accommodated his world-famous collections in a museum built specifically for that purpose, making Ambras Castle the oldest museum in the world, and as the only Renaissance Kunstkammer of its kind to have been preserved at its original location, the Chamber of Art and Curiosities at Ambras Castle represents an unrivalled cultural monument.[citation needed ] The collection was started during Ferdinand's time in Bohemia, and he subsequently moved it to Tyrol. In particular, the Chamber of Art and Curiosities, the gallery of portraits, and the collection of armor were very expensive, leading Ferdinand to incur a high level of debt. Part of the collections remained in Innsbruck, and part ultimately was moved to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.[citation needed ]
After the death of his wife Philippine in 1580, he married his niece, Anna Caterina Gonzaga, a daughter of William I, Duke of Mantua, in 1582.[citation needed ]
Archduke Ferdinand died on 24 January 1595. Since his sons from the first marriage were not entitled to the inheritance, and the second produced only surviving daughters, Tyrol was reunified with the other Habsburg lands. His daughter from the Mantuan marriage to Anna Caterina (later Anna Juliana) became Empress Anna, consort of Mathias, Holy Roman Emperor, who received his Further Austrian inheritance.[citation needed ]
Children
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He and his first wife Philippine Welser were parents of four children:
- Margrave Andrew of Burgau [3] (15 June 1558 – 12 November 1600). Became a cardinal in 1576, Margrave of Burgau in 1578, Bishop of Constance in 1589 and Bishop of Brixen in 1591. He had two illegitimate children.
- Charles, Margrave of Burgau (22 November 1560 – 30 October 1618), Margrave of Burgau. He married his first cousin, Sibylle (1557–1627), the youngest daughter of daughter of William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (28 July 1516 – 5 January 1592), and Maria, Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. They had no legitimate children. He and his mistress Chiara Elisa di Ferrero had three illegitimate children.
- Philip of Austria (7 August 1562 – 9 January 1563), twin of Maria.
- Maria of Austria (7 August 1562 – 25 January 1563), twin of Philip.[4]
On 14 May 1582, Ferdinand married his niece Anna Caterina Gonzaga. She was a daughter of William I, Duke of Mantua, and Eleonora of Austria, younger sister of Ferdinand. They were parents to three daughters:[5]
- Archduchess Anna Eleonore of Austria (26 June 1583 – 15 January 1584).
- Archduchess Maria of Austria (16 June 1584 – 2 March 1649), a nun.
- Archduchess Anna of Austria (4 October 1585 – 14 December/15 December 1618); married her first cousin Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor.
He had at least two illegitimate children:
With Anna von Obrizon:[6]
- Veronika von Villanders (1551–1589). Married Giovan Francesco di Gonzaga-Novellara, Lord of Campitello.
With Johanna Lydl von Mayenburg:[7]
- Hans Christoph von Hertenberg (c. 1592 – 2 September 1613). Married Ursula Gienger.
Ancestors
[edit ]| Ancestors of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria |
|---|
1. Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria |
Male-line family tree
[edit ]Notes
[edit ]- ^ Jörg Konrad Hoensch (1997). Geschichte Böhmens: von der slavischen Landnahme bis zur Gegenwart. C.H.Beck. p. 194. ISBN 978-3-406-41694-1.
- ^ Matthias Weller; Nicolai B. Kemle; Thomas Dreier (30 January 2020). Handel – Provenienz – Restitution: Tagungsband des Zwölften Heidelberger Kunstrechtstags am 20. und 24. Oktober 2018. Nomos Verlag. pp. 48–. ISBN 978-3-7489-0560-8.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – Biographical Dictionary – Consistory of 19 November 1576". Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
- ^ "Habsburg 4".
- ^ Wurzbach: Anna Katherina von Mantua, vol. 31. In: Biographisches Lexikon, Vienna 1860, p. 154.
- ^ Stamboom-boden.com
- ^ Stamboom-boden.com
- ^ a b c d Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Joanna" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b c d Priebatsch, Felix (1908). "Wladislaw II.". Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 54. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 688–696.
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp I. der Schöne von Oesterreich" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 112 – via Wikisource.
- ^ Boureau, Alain (1995). The Lord's First Night: The Myth of the Droit de Cuissage. Translated by Cochrane, Lydia G. The University of Chicago Press. p. 96.
- ^ Noubel, P., ed. (1877). Revue de l'Agenais [Review of the Agenais]. Vol. 4. Société académique d'Agen. p. 497.
External links
[edit ]Media related to Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria at Wikimedia Commons
1564–1595 Succeeded by
Mathias, Archduke of Further Austria
governor appointed by Mathias: Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria