HQ-22
| HQ-22 / FK-3 | |
|---|---|
| Serbian Armed Forces FK-3 (export version of HQ-22) | |
| Type | Surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2019–present |
| Used by | See § Operators |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC)[1] |
| Specifications | |
Detonation mechanism | Impact/proximity |
| Engine | Rocket motor |
| Propellant | Solid fuel [1] |
Operational range | HQ-22: 170 kilometres (110 mi) FK-3: 100 kilometres (62 mi) |
Guidance system | Semi-active radar homing/radio-command guidance |
Launch platform | Ground |
The HQ-22 (simplified Chinese: 红旗-22; traditional Chinese: 紅旗-22; pinyin: Hóng Qí-22; lit. 'Red Banner-22'; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-20[2] ) is a medium- to long-range semi-active radar homing/radio-command guidance air defence system developed and manufactured by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC).[1]
History
[edit ]The HQ-22 was publicly revealed at the 2016 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition.[1]
The HQ-22 entered service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) by 2019.[3]
Serbia purchased the FK-3, the export variant, in 2019; they were delivered by PLAAF Xi'an Y-20 transport aircraft and entered service in April 2022.[4] They were the first Chinese medium- or long-range air defence system exported to Europe.[5]
In April 2021, India reported that China had deployed the HQ-22 near eastern Ladakh.[6]
Description
[edit ]
The HQ-22 air defence system is a second generation development of the HQ-12 missile.[7] It is intended as a low-cost replacement for the HQ-2.[1]
The missile is "wingless" compared to the preceding HQ-12.[7] The missile uses semi-active radar guidance to reduce cost, and may switch to radio command guidance in an environment with "strong electronic interference".[1]
An HQ-22 unit includes four to eight transporter erector launchers, each with four missiles.[1] The radar vehicle reportedly permits six targets to be engaged simultaneously.[8]
Variants
[edit ]- HQ-22: Chinese domestic variant with speed of Mach 6 and a range of 170 kilometres (110 mi).[1]
- HQ-22A: Chinese domestic variant, debuted at the 2025 China Victory Day Parade.[9]
- FK-3: Export variant with speed of Mach 6 and a maximum range of 100 kilometres (62 mi).[1]
Operators
[edit ]
- People's Liberation Army Air Force - 130+ HQ-22[10]
- Serbian Air Force and Air Defence - 4 batteries FK-3[11]
- Air and Coastal Defense Command - 3 batteries FK-3[12]
Gallery
[edit ]-
The system as seen from behind
-
HQ-22 radar (right)
-
HQ-22 missile tube
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]Citations
[edit ]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Kajal, Kapil (3 February 2023). "Royal Thai Navy unveils FK-3 air-defence system". Jane's Defence Weekly . Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ "Chapter Five: Asia: Regional trends in 2024". The Military Balance 2025. 125 (1): 206–311. 2025. doi:10.1080/04597222.2025.2445477.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2019). The Military Balance 2019. London: Routledge. p. 262. ISBN 978-1857439885.
- ^ Bozinovski, Igor (6 May 2022). "Serbia unveils Chinese-made FK-3 air defence system". Jane's Defence Weekly . Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ Kastner, Jens (12 October 2023). "Serbia relies on China for weapons as tensions with Kosovo rise". Nikkei. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ "India closely watching Chinese air defence batteries deployed near LAC". The Economic Times . Asian News International. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Serbia Orders Chinese Air Defense System". DefenseWorld.net. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ Chaudhary, Smriti (4 August 2020). "Did Russian S-400s Got Dumped for Chinese Air Defence System by an Aspiring EU Nation?". The EurAsian Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ Dominguez, Gabriel; Johnson, Jesse (3 September 2025). "At parade, China shows off powerful new weaponry to keep rivals at bay". The Japan Times.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 260.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 134.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 321.
Sources
[edit ]- The International Institute for Strategic Studies (13 February 2024). The Military Balance 2024. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-78004-7.