Counties of Iceland
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Iceland was historically divided into 23 counties known as sýslur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsistlʏr̥] ), and 23 independent towns known as kaupstaðir ([ˈkhœypˌstaːðɪr̥] ). Iceland is now split up between 24 sýslumenn (magistrates) that are the highest authority over the local police (except in Reykjavík where there is a special office of police commissioner) and carry out administrative functions such as declaring bankruptcy and marrying people outside of the church. The jurisdictions of these magistrates often follow the lines of the historical counties, but not always. When speaking of these new "administrative" counties, the custom is to associate them with the county seats rather than using the names of the traditional counties, even when they cover the same area.
Composition
[edit ]Independent towns (kaupstaðir) were first created in the 18th century as urbanisation began in Iceland; this practice continued into the 1980s. The last town that was declared an independent town was Ólafsvík in 1983. Since then, the laws regarding municipalities have been changed in such a way that there is no longer any distinction made between urban or rural municipalities.
Historical counties
[edit ]The historical counties were:
- Árnessýsla ([ˈaurˌnɛsˌsistla] , lit. 'Árnes County')
- Austur-Barðastrandarsýsla ([ˈœystʏr-ˈparðaˌstrantarˌsistla] , lit. 'East Barðaströnd County')
- Austur-Húnavatnssýsla ([ˈœystʏrˈhuːnaˌvasːˌsistla] , lit. 'East Húnavatn County')
- Austur-Skaftafellssýsla ([ˈœystʏrˈskaftaˌfɛlsˌsistla] , lit. 'East Skaftafell County')
- Borgarfjarðarsýsla ([ˈpɔrkarˌfjarðarˌsistla] , lit. 'Borgarfjörður County')
- Dalasýsla ([ˈtaːlaˌsistla] , lit. 'Valley County')
- Eyjafjarðarsýsla ([ˈeiːjaˌfjarðarˌsistla] , lit. 'Eyjafjörður County')
- Gullbringusýsla ([ˈkʏtl̥ˌpriŋkʏˌsistla] , lit. 'Gullbringa County')
- Kjósarsýsla ([ˈchouːsarˌsistla] , lit. 'Kjós County')
- Mýrasýsla ([ˈmiːraˌsistla] , lit. 'Mýrar County')
- Norður-Ísafjarðarsýsla ([ˈnɔrðʏrˈiːsaˌfjarðarˌsistla] , lit. 'North Ísafjörður County')
- Norður-Múlasýsla ([ˈnɔrðʏrˈmuːlaˌsistla] , lit. 'North Múli County')
- Norður-Þingeyjarsýsla ([ˈnɔrðʏrˈθiŋkˌeiːjarˌsistla] , lit. 'North Þingey County')
- Rangárvallasýsla ([ˈrauŋkˌaurˌvatlaˌsistla] , lit. 'Rangárvellir County')
- Skagafjarðarsýsla ([ˈskaːɣaˌfjarðarˌsistla] , lit. 'Skagafjörður County')
- Snæfellsnes- og Hnappadalssýsla ([ˈstnaiːˌfɛlsˌnɛːsɔɣˈn̥ahpaˌtalsˌsistla] , lit. 'Snæfellsnes and Hnappadalur County')
- Strandasýsla ([ˈstrantaˌsistla] , lit. 'Coast County')
- Suður-Múlasýsla ([ˈsʏːðʏrˈmuːlaˌsistla] , lit. 'South Múli County')
- Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla ([ˈsʏːðʏrˈθiŋkˌeiːjarˌsistla] , lit. 'South Þingey County')
- Vestur-Barðastrandarsýsla ([ˈvɛstʏrˈparðaˌstrantarˌsistla] , lit. 'West Barðaströnd County')
- Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla ([ˈvɛstʏrˈhuːnaˌvasːˌsistla] , lit. 'West Húnavatn County')
- Vestur-Ísafjarðarsýsla ([ˈvɛstʏrˈiːsaˌfjarðarˌsistla] , lit. 'West Ísafjörður County')
- Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla ([ˈvɛstʏrˈskaftaˌfɛlsˌsistla] , lit. 'West Skaftafell County')
Independent towns
[edit ]The 23 independent towns were: