Draft:Wolfgang Grozo
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Wolfgang Grozo | |
|---|---|
| Director of Intelligence of the Peruvian Air Force | |
| In office December 2020 – December 2021 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1967年09月21日) 21 September 1967 (age 58) |
| Party | Democratic Integrity |
| Officer School of the Air Force of Peru Center for Higher National Studies | |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Peruvian Air Force |
| Rank | Major general |
Wolfgang Mario Grozo Costa is a retired major general of the Peruvian Air Force (FAP), former Director of Intelligence of the FAP and a politician. He is founder and president of the Democratic Integrity party, running as its presidential candidate in the 2026 Peruvian general election [1] [2] and is currently positioned amongst top candidates.[3] [4]
Early life, education and military career
[edit ]Grozo was born in on 21 September 1967 in the San Borja District of Lima.[5] He began his military career in the late 1980s,[6] graduating from the Officer School of the Air Force of Peru with a bachelor's degree in Aerospace Administration Sciences.[7] [8] [9] He later obtained a master's degree in National Development and Defense and a doctorate of Development and Strategic Security from the Center for Higher National Studies.[7] [8] [9] In a later interview, Grozo stated that his vision for Peru's future began as a student and remained with him throughout his military career.[6]
Beginning in 1999, he began serving as an instructor at the Officer School of the Air Force of Peru.[7] [8] In 2005, Grozo became the head of Psychological Operations Department of the FAP's Department of Intelligence, holding various intelligence and counter intelligence positions for the Ministry of Defence for the next decade.[7] In his military education, Grozo obtained training in counterterrorism, electronic warfare, humanitarian law, national security and psychological warfare.[7]
In 2015, he began to instruct at the Higher School of Air Warfare and later at the Higher School of the Armed Forces in January 2020.[7] [8] At his alma mater, the Center for Higher National Studies, he was the deputy general director of the school from March 2018 to December 2019.[7] Between 2018 and 2021, he was a professor of public management and of strategic intelligence at his alma mater, the Center for Higher National Studies.[7] At the time, he also was a member of the editorial committee of the Pensamiento Conjunto, the official journal of the Joint School of the Armed Forces of Peru.[10] Between December 2020 and December 2021, he served as the Director of Intelligence for the FAP.[7]
Political career
[edit ]According to Peruvian businessman Zamir Villaverde, he and Grozo discussed political strategy between 2018 and 2021.[9] [11] Villaverde, a political backer of Renzo Reggiardo, also said that Grozo provided political consultation in 2019 to José Aliaga, a Peruvian American involved in Michigan politics.[11]
After unsuccessfully attempting to form a political party in 2021, Grozo founded the Democratic Integrity party in 2023.[2] [12] Shortly after founding the party, Grozo described the party as "a group of good Peruvians who have a great love and vocation for service and who put the country's interests before their own."[6]
In the internal primaries of Democratic Integrity, the party decided who would be on the presidential and vice presidential tickets for the 2026 Peruvian general election,[1] [13] with Grozo being selected as the presidential candidate, while Bertha Azabache and Wellington Prada, were selected as the vice president and second vice president tickets in that order, respectively. Grozo was one of 32 presidential candidates for the 2026 election.[14]
Shortly before the 2026 presidential elections, Grozo's standings in the polls grew by early March 2026,[9] as he became the fifth most supported presidential candidate according to CPI polls[4] [15] and assumed fourth place in the IEP polls.[3] As Grozo became more popular in polls, Villaverde said that Grozo used his home in the past for political meetings, demanding Grozo to tell the public who he had met at that time.[16] Grozo initially denied knowing Villaverde, later apologizing and saying that he had forgot who the businessman was when he first made released a statement on the topic.[16]
Political positions
[edit ]Grozo says his party is a centrist [6] or "center-democratic party".[17] He has said that he has avoided political positioning labels, saying "[o]ur mission is to converge, not to confront."[6]
He said that those in poverty are his "priority" and that the state has left them "helpless."[6] Grozo's platform supports the social market economy [6] [17] and said that wealth should not be focused on capitalism, instead focusing on "the common good for the entire population."[6] He stated that the "role of the state ... is, to provide that common good", including communication, education, health and infrastructure, sharing support for the increase in social programs, saying "Peru cannot have its social programs cut; rather, they must be strengthened. This isn't called welfare; it's the State's obligation."[17] Grozo has proposed improving infrastructure, especially in remote settlements, including the construction of new hospitals and schools.[6]
Regarding crime and corruption in Peru, Grozo proposes life imprisonment for political officeholders, including the president, if they are found guilty of corruption, saying that such individuals are "traitors to the homeland" who attack the wellbeing of their citizens with corrupt actions.[6] [18] He supported that all public officials, ministers, members of congress and presidents be subjected to polygraph testing.[6] Grozo is opposed to the death penalty, stating "[w]e are against the death penalty because God gives life and God takes it away."[17] He has supported the idea of constructing megaprisons in Peru.[17]
He describes himself as "a staunch advocate for the fight against terrorism" and promotes himself as a leader with "authority" while opposing authoritarianism itself.[17] Grozo defended the actions of the Peruvian Armed Forces during the widespread widespread protests against President Dina Boluarte despite the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights condemning authorities of "serious human rights violations",[19] which resulted in the Ayacucho and Juliaca massacres. While not opposed to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, he does believe its involvement in Peru must be reviewed because he views the court as occasionally not being in the best interests of the government.[17]
Internationally, Grozo praised some of the anti-crime initiatives of President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele, though he criticized Bukele's action of modifying the constitution for indefinite re-elections, saying "I could not be part of that, I cannot issue a ruling in which I will be a judge and party."[17]
Awards and recognition
[edit ]- Qualified Defender of the Homeland Award, awarded in 2002 for intelligence operations performed in hostile areas[6]
- Grand Officer of the Order of Captain José Quiñones Gonzales for meritorious services to the Peruvian Air Force[7] [8]
- Officer and Grand Officer Armando Revoredo Iglesias Medals of Merit for distinguished actions for the Peruvian Air Force[7] [8]
References
[edit ]- ^ a b R, Edgard Villarreal (2025年09月10日). "Integridad Democrática proclama al General (r) Wolfgang Grozo como precandidato presidencial". Diario UNO (in Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月08日.
- ^ a b "Elecciones Generales 2026: conoce los 43 partidos políticos listos para postular". TV Perú (in Spanish). 2025年04月15日. Retrieved 2026年03月08日.
- ^ a b Saavedra, Narda (2026年03月13日). "Keiko Fujimori y RLA experimentan caída en intención de voto mientras que López Chau y Wolfgang Grozo aumentan". La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月15日.
- ^ a b Espinoza, Carlos (2026年03月07日). "Nueva encuesta de CPI confirma tercer lugar de Alfonso López Chau y aparición de Wolfgang Grozo". Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月08日.
- ^ "Elecciones 2026: Revisa la hoja de vida de Wolfgang Grozo de Integridad Democrática". Andina (in Spanish). 2026年03月06日. Retrieved 2026年03月15日.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Yépez Cerna, Dina (27 October 2023). ""Seremos firmes contra el crimen y la corrupción"" (PDF). Vea. 287: 18–19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Grozo Costa Wolfgang Mario". National Council for Science, Technology and Innovation. 26 November 2021. Retrieved 2026年03月12日.
- ^ a b c d e f "Mayor General y Doctor Wolfgang Mario Grozo Costa" (PDF). Joint Superior School of the Armed Forces of Peru. 2021.
- ^ a b c d Cardoza, Josué Chávez (2026年03月13日). "Wolfgang Grozo: ¿quién es el candidato presidencial de Integridad Democrática?". La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月15日.
- ^ "Fuerzas Armadas Rumbo al Bicentenario del Perú" (PDF). Pensamiento Conjunto. 8 (2): 2. 2020.
- ^ a b ""Él me buscó": Wolfgang Grozo reconoce encuentros con Zamir Villaverde, pero asegura que se alejó cuando conoció de sus cuestionamientos". Infobae (in European Spanish). 2026年03月11日. Retrieved 2026年03月12日.
- ^ "Wolfgang Grozo Costa: "La población asocia a Fuerza Popular y a APP con corrupción"". Peru21 (in Spanish). 2025年08月02日. Retrieved 2026年03月08日.
- ^ "Jurado Nacional de Elecciones Resolución N.o 0778-2025-JNE" (PDF). National Jury of Elections . 15 December 2025.
- ^ Espinoza, Carlos (2026年01月04日). "Elecciones Generales 2026: 32 fórmulas presidenciales están oficialmente inscritas". Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月08日.
- ^ Chillitupa, Rodrigo (2026年03月07日). "Elecciones 2026: candidato Wolfgang Grozo sube al quinto lugar en nueva encuesta". Cosas Perú (in Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月08日.
- ^ a b Acosta, Sebastián (2026年03月13日). "Wolfgang Grozo pide perdón por haber dicho que no conocía a Zamir Villaverde, pero dice no temer al empresario". RPP (in Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月15日.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Correo, Redacción (2026年01月02日). "Wolfgang Grozo: "Los delincuentes tendrán que trabajar para pagar su comida y alojamiento"". Diario Correo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月08日.
- ^ "Wolfgang Grozo propone cadena perpetua para presidente y altos funcionarios que cometan actos de corrupción". RPP (in Spanish). 2026年01月21日. Retrieved 2026年03月15日.
- ^ Palomino, Eva (2026年03月07日). "Wolfgang Grozo llamó violentistas a manifestantes contra Boluarte: "Militares hicieron uso de la defensa"". La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 2026年03月08日.