Broussonetia
| Broussonetia | |
|---|---|
| Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Spermatophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Tribe: | Dorstenieae |
| Genus: | Broussonetia (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (1799) |
| Species[1] | |
| |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Broussonetia is a genus of four species (including one hybrid species) of trees in the family Moraceae, native to eastern Asia.[1] These four species have high-quality fiber which consist of more than 90% of cellulose. They are traditionally applied for various daily necessities in South Eastern Asia and papermaking in East Asia. It is named after Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet, an illustrious French naturist.[2]
One of these is the paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), whose bark fiber is used to make traditional paper in China, Korea, and Japan, and barkcloth among Austronesian cultures. This species has been widely introduced and has become invasive in some areas. Not only is paper mulberry used for paper making, but also other species are widely used in paper industry in those three countries' history. In fact, paper mulberry is not a major source of their traditional paper at least in Korea and Japan. Major material fibers of hanji (Korean paper) and washi (Japanese paper) come from ×ばつ kazinoki (page does not exist)">Broussonetia ×ばつ kazinoki .[3] Broussonetia ×ばつ kazinoki is known as only hybrid in Broussonetia genus between B. monoica and B. papyrifera.
Species
[edit ]Four species and one natural hybrid are accepted:[1]
- Broussonetia harmandii Gagnep. – Laos
- Broussonetia kaempferi Siebold – south-central and southern Japan and the Ryukyu Islands
- ×ばつ kazinoki (page does not exist)">Broussonetia ×ばつ kazinoki Siebold – Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands
- Broussonetia monoica Hance – Eastern Himalayas to southern China, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and Japan
- Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. – Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Tibet, China, and Korea
Fossil record
[edit ]Five fossil fruits of †Broussonetia pygmaea have been extracted from borehole samples of the Middle Miocene freshwater deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians, Poland.[4]
References
[edit ]- ^ a b c d "Broussonetia L'Hér. ex Vent. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Zhang, Allen (2023). 香港100種景觀樹木圖鑑 [A Photographic Guide to 100 Ornamental Trees of Hong Kong] (in Traditional Chinese and English). Hong Kong: 萬里機構. pp. 54–56. ISBN 9789621474872.
- ^ Kuo, W. H., Liu, S. H., Chang, C. C., Hsieh, C. L., Li, Y. H., Ito, T., ... & Chung, K. F. (2022). "Plastome phylogenomics of Allaeanthus, Broussonetia and Malaisia (Dorstenieae, Moraceae) and the origin of ×ばつ kazinoki". Journal of Plant Research: 1–18.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.
External links
[edit ]- Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to Broussonetia at Wikimedia Commons
- Flora of China: Broussonetia
