Jump to content
Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia

Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Psychotic disorder caused by hallucinogenic drug use
Medical condition
Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder
Other namesHIPD, Hallucinogen-induced psychosis, psychedelic-induced psychosis
Specialty Psychiatry, Addiction psychiatry
Symptoms Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, insomnia
Complications self-harm, suicide
Causes LSD, psilocybin, DMT
TreatmentAtypical antipsychotics
Frequency~0.4%[1]

Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder (HIPD), also known as hallucinogen-induced psychosis or psychedelic-induced psychosis, is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, severe paranoia, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behavior, and insomnia.[2] Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder occurs following the use of hallucinogens, most commonly LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT).[3] [4] [5] Incidence rates range from 0.4% in studies that exclude patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia to up to 3.8% in older, low-quality studies involving patients with schizophrenia.[1] Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder may persist for months or years if left untreated.[3] [6]

Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder has the code 6C49.5 in the ICD-11.[2]

Signs and symptoms

[edit ]

The symptoms of hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder involve the symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations, delusions, delusions of grandeur, delusions of reference and severe paranoia. Other symptoms may include psychomotor agitation and manic behavior.[3] [7]

Cause

[edit ]

LSD

[edit ]

LSD is a well-known cause of hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder. LSD is the most common hallucinogen in emergency department visits, being responsible for 47.3% of all cases of hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder.[3]

Psilocybin

[edit ]

Psilocybin can cause hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder after brief or intermittent use. There are several case studies of psilocybin-induced psychosis.[8] A 25-year-old woman was treated with olanzapine for hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder caused by psilocybin.[4] A 30-year-old man was also successfully treated with olanzapine for hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder caused by psilocybin.[4] In emergency departments, psilocybin is responsible for 18.8% of all cases of hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder.[3]

Mescaline

[edit ]

There are case reports of mescaline causing hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder. In one case, a 41-year-old man was sucessfully treated with first risperidone, then aripiprazole for HIPD caused by mescaline.[9]

DMT

[edit ]

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is known to cause hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder. There are case reports of DMT-induced psychosis. In one case, a 42-year-old man was successfully treated with quetiapine for hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder caused by DMT.[10] In another case, a 25-year-old male was successfully treated with paliperidone for hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder caused by DMT.[11] In emergency departments, DMT is responsible for 3.2% of all cases of hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder.[3]

Differential diagnosis

[edit ]

Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder

[edit ]

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder involves lasting visual changes after use of a hallucinogenic drug.[12] Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder is not a psychotic disorder. It is a long-term condition most often found among frequent hallucinogenic drug users.[13]

Treatment

[edit ]
Aripiprazole is used to treat hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder.

Treatment consists of typical antipsychotics such as haloperidol during the early stages of treatment and atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, or quetiapine for maintenance therapy.[14] If the hallucinogen is still active in an individual's system, risperidone is recommended directly as a first-line hallucinogen antidote, or trip killer.[15] Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, and lurasidone are third-generation antipsychotics used to treat substance-induced psychosis.[16] Compared to second and first-generation antipsychotics, third-generation antipsychotics have a better side effect profile and improved tolerability.[17] Individuals are also recommended to practice abstinence from hallucinogens and can be given counseling designed to assist with preventing a relapse of substance use.[14] [18]

Transition to schizophrenia

[edit ]

Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder is later diagnosed as schizophrenia in up to 43% of individuals.[19] The symptoms of hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder are very similar to those of schizophrenia and it may have a similar underlying genetic vulnerability.[20]

See also

[edit ]

References

[edit ]
  1. 1 2 Sabé, Michel; Sulstarova, Adi; Glangetas, Alban; De Pieri, Marco; Mallet, Luc; Curtis, Logos; Richard-Lepouriel, Héléne; Penzenstadler, Louise; Seragnoli, Federico; Thorens, Gabriel; Zullino, Daniele; Preller, Katrin; Böge, Kerem; Leucht, Stefan; Correll, Christoph U. (2025年03月01日). "Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies". Molecular Psychiatry. 30 (3): 1223–1255. doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02800-5. ISSN 1476-5578. PMC 11835720 . PMID 39592825.
  2. 1 2 "ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 2026年07月31日. Retrieved 2026年08月02日.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sulstarova, Adi; Scheuerlein, Luise; Monari, Silvia; Seragnoli, Federico; Gabriel, Thorens; Preller, Katrin; Böge, Kerem; Sentissi, Othman; Kaiser, Stefan; Solmi, Marco; Kirschner, Matthias; Sabé, Michel (2025年08月01日). "Treatment approaches and efficacy in psychedelic-induced psychosis: A systematic review". Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 110 104604. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104604. ISSN 1876-2018. PMID 40614615.
  4. 1 2 3 Kim, Yumin; Bigley, Rachel; DeVinney, Aubrey; Nestadt, Paul S. (2025年06月01日). "The many faces of psilocybin-related psychosis: A case series". Psychiatry Research Case Reports. 4 (1) 100243. doi:10.1016/j.psycr.2024.100243. ISSN 2773-0212.
  5. ↑ Paterson, Neil E.; Darby, W. Connor; Sandhu, Preetpal S. (2015年07月01日). "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine–Induced Psychosis". Clinical Neuropharmacology. 38 (4): 141–143. doi:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000078. ISSN 0362-5664. PMID 26166234.
  6. ↑ Fiorentini, Alessio; Sara Volonteri, Lucia; Dragogna, Filippo; Rovera, Chiara; Maffini, Michele; Carlo Mauri, Massimo; A. Altamura, Carlo (2011年12月01日). "Substance-Induced Psychoses: A Critical Review of the Literature". Current Drug Abuse Reviews. 4 (4): 228–240. doi:10.2174/1874473711104040228. PMID 21999698.
  7. ↑ Mauri, Massimo Carlo; Paletta, Silvia; Di Pace, Chiara (2018), Brambilla, Paolo; Mauri, Massimo Carlo; Altamura, Alfredo Carlo (eds.), "Hallucinations in the Substance-Induced Psychosis", Hallucinations in Psychoses and Affective Disorders: A Clinical and Biological Approach, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 57–83, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75124-5_5, ISBN 978-3-319-75124-5 , retrieved 2026年08月02日{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  8. ↑ Kim, Yumin; Bigley, Rachel; DeVinney, Aubrey; Nestadt, Paul S. (2025年06月01日). "The many faces of psilocybin-related psychosis: A case series". Psychiatry Research Case Reports. 4 (1) 100243. doi:10.1016/j.psycr.2024.100243. ISSN 2773-0212.
  9. ↑ Duraković, Din; Silić, Ante; Peitl, Vjekoslav; Vlahović, Darko; Vojnović, Daniela; Karlović, Dalibor (2022年10月23日). "Acute Mescaline Intoxication Followed by Catatonia". Archives of Psychiatry Research : An International Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences. 58 (2): 287–292. doi:10.20471/dec.20225802.12. ISSN 2671-1079.
  10. ↑ Barbic, David; Fernandes, Justin; Eberdt, Caroline; Chakraborty, Apu (2020年09月01日). "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: DMT-induced psychosis". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 38 (9): 1961.e1–1961.e2. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020年04月09日0. ISSN 0735-6757. PMID 32389398.
  11. ↑ Barbic, David; Fernandes, Justin; Eberdt, Caroline; Chakraborty, Apu (2020年09月01日). "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: DMT-induced psychosis". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 38 (9): 1961.e1–1961.e2. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020年04月09日0. ISSN 0735-6757.
  12. ↑ Martinotti, Giovanni; Santacroce, Rita; Pettorruso, Mauro; Montemitro, Chiara; Spano, Maria Chiara; Lorusso, Marco; di Giannantonio, Massimo; Lerner, Arturo G. (2018年03月16日). "Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder: Etiology, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Perspectives". Brain Sciences. 8 (3): 47. doi:10.3390/brainsci8030047 . ISSN 2076-3425. PMC 5870365 . PMID 29547576.
  13. ↑ Halpern, John H; Pope, Harrison G (2003年03月01日). "Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder: what do we know after 50 years?". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 69 (2): 109–119. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00306-X. ISSN 0376-8716. PMID 12609692.
  14. 1 2 DiSclafani, Antonio; Hall, Richard C. W.; Gardner, Earl R. (1981年10月01日). "Drug-induced psychosis: Emergency diagnosis and management". Psychosomatics. 22 (10): 845–855. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(81)73092-5. ISSN 0033-3182. PMID 7313045.
  15. ↑ O’Mahony, Brian; Harrington, Colm; Harkin, Andrew; Lally, Níall (2026年05月01日). "Trip killers: Addressing a critical knowledge gap in psychedelic research". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 40 (5): 687–702. doi:10.1177/02698811261431056. ISSN 0269-8811. PMC 13310301 . PMID 41869862.
  16. ↑ Ricci, Valerio; De Berardis, Domenico; Maina, Giuseppe (2024年01月29日). "Third-Generation Antipsychotics and Lurasidone in the Treatment of Substance-Induced Psychoses: A Narrative Review". Healthcare. 12 (3): 339. doi:10.3390/healthcare12030339 . ISSN 2227-9032. PMC 10855531 . PMID 38338224.
  17. ↑ Mucci, Federico; Arone, Alessandro; Gurrieri, Riccardo; Weiss, Francesco; Russomanno, Gerardo; Marazziti, Donatella (2025年03月01日). "Third-Generation Antipsychotics: The Quest for the Key to Neurotrophism". Life. 15 (3): 391. Bibcode:2025Life...15..391M. doi:10.3390/life15030391 . ISSN 2075-1729. PMC 11944073 . PMID 40141736.
  18. ↑ Mathias, Steve; Lubman, Dan I.; Hides, Leanne (2008年03月01日). "Substance-induced psychosis: a diagnostic conundrum". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 69 (3): 358–367. doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0304. ISSN 1555-2101. PMID 18278990.
  19. ↑ Murrie, Benjamin; Lappin, Julia; Large, Matthew; Sara, Grant (2020年05月01日). "Transition of Substance-Induced, Brief, and Atypical Psychoses to Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 46 (3): 505–516. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz102. ISSN 0586-7614. PMC 7147575 . PMID 31618428.
  20. ↑ Garson, Emily; Castle, David J.; George, Tony P. (2023年06月01日). "Substance-Induced Psychosis: a Narrative Review". Current Addiction Reports. 10 (2): 335–340. doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00475-6. ISSN 2196-2952.
[edit ]

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /