Entry, [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/239/h_dm_com&recno=6373 component 1], HIP 30867, ''The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues'', 1997, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/239 I/239], accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref>"},"dec1":{"wt":"{{DEC|−07|01|59.025}}<ref name=hip1/>"},"appmag_v1":{"wt":"4.60<ref name=cutri>{{cite journal|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues|volume=2237|last1=Ducati|first1=J. R|year=2002}}</ref>"},"component2":{"wt":"B"},"ra2":{"wt":"{{RA|06|28|49.4238}}<ref name=hip2>Entry, [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/239/h_dm_com&recno=6374 component 2], HIP 30867, ''The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues'', 1997, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/239 I/239], accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref>"},"dec2":{"wt":"{{DEC|−07|02|03.876}}<ref name=bsc2/>"},"appmag_v2":{"wt":"5.00<ref name=cutri/>"},"component3":{"wt":"C"},"ra3":{"wt":"{{RA|06|28|49.6128}}<ref name=hip3>Entry, [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/239/h_dm_com&recno=6375 component 3], HIP 30867, ''The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues'', 1997, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/239 I/239], accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref>"},"dec3":{"wt":"{{DEC|−07|02|04.763}}<ref name=hip3 />"},"appmag_v3":{"wt":"5.32<ref name=cutri/>"}},"i":2}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox character\n","href":"./Template:Starbox_character"},"params":{"component1":{"wt":"A"},"wt":"B4Veshell<ref name=shell>{{cite journal|bibcode=1982ApJS...50...55S|title=Spectral types and rotational velocities of the brighter Be stars and A-F type shell stars|journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=50|pages=55|last1=Slettebak|first1=A|year=1982|doi=10.1086/190820|doi-access=free}}</ref>"},"u-b":{"wt":"−0.63<ref name=bsc1>[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/50/catalog&recno=2356 HR 2356] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171701/http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V%2F50%2Fcatalog&recno=2356 |date=2016年03月03日 }}, database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/50 V/50]. Accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref>"},"b-v":{"wt":"−0.10<ref name=bsc1 />"},"r-i":{"wt":"−0.16<ref name=bsc1 />"}},"i":3}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox character","href":"./Template:Starbox_character"},"params":{"no_heading":{"wt":"y"},"component1":{"wt":"B"},"class":{"wt":"B2Vn(e)<ref name=cowley>{{cite journal|bibcode= 1973A&A....22..203C |title= Cyclic variations of the Be star beta 1 Monocerotis |journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume= 22 |pages= 203 |last1= Cowley |first1= A |last2= Gugula |first2= E |year= 1973 }}</ref>"},"u-b":{"wt":"−0.52<ref name=bsc2>[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/50/catalog&recno=2357 HR 2357] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202065701/http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V%2F50%2Fcatalog&recno=2357 |date=2017年02月02日 }}, database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/50 V/50]. Accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref>"},"b-v":{"wt":"−0.07<ref name=bsc2 />"}},"i":4}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox character","href":"./Template:Starbox_character"},"params":{"no_heading":{"wt":"y"},"component1":{"wt":"C"},"class":{"wt":"B3V:nne<ref name=cowley/>"},"b-v":{"wt":"−0.1<ref name=sb2>{{cite simbad|title=* bet Mon C|access-date=November 21, 2008}}</ref>"}},"i":5}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox astrometry\n","href":"./Template:Starbox_astrometry"},"params":{"radial_v":{"wt":"17.20<ref name=rv>{{cite journal|bibcode= 2006AstL...32..759G |title= Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system |journal= Astronomy Letters |volume= 32 |issue= 11 |pages= 759–771 |last1= Gontcharov |first1= G. 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Field Be stars near the Sun|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=441|pages=235–248|last1=Zorec|first1=J|last2=Frémat|first2=Y|last3=Cidale|first3=L|year=2005|issue=1|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053051|s2cid=17592657}}</ref><ref name=fremat>{{cite journal|bibcode=2005A&A...440..305F|title=Effects of gravitational darkening on the determination of fundamental parameters in fast-rotating B-type stars|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=440|pages=305|last1=Frémat|first1=Y|last2=Zorec|first2=J|last3=Hubert|first3=A.-M|last4=Floquet|first4=M|year=2005|issue=1|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20042229|arxiv=astro-ph/0503381|s2cid=19016751}}</ref>"},"luminosity":{"wt":"3,200<ref name=kaler />"},"gravity":{"wt":"4.06<ref name=zorec/>"},"rotational_velocity":{"wt":"346<ref name=bsc1 />"},"age_myr":{"wt":"27.5<ref name=tetzlaff/>"}},"i":7}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox detail","href":"./Template:Starbox_detail"},"params":{"no_heading":{"wt":"y"},"component1":{"wt":"B"},"rotational_velocity":{"wt":"123<ref name=bsc2 />"},"mass":{"wt":"6.2<ref name=kaler />"},"luminosity":{"wt":"1,600<ref name=kaler />"}},"i":8}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox detail","href":"./Template:Starbox_detail"},"params":{"no_heading":{"wt":"y"},"component1":{"wt":"C"},"rotational_velocity":{"wt":"331<ref name=bsc4>[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/50/catalog&recno=2358 HR 2358], database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/50 V/50]. Accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref>"},"mass":{"wt":"6<ref name=kaler />"},"luminosity":{"wt":"1,300<ref name=kaler />"}},"i":9}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox catalog\n","href":"./Template:Starbox_catalog"},"params":{"names":{"wt":"β Mon, Beta Monocerotis, Beta Mon, [[Flamsteed designation|11 Monocerotis]], 11 Mon, [[Double star designation|STF 919]], [[Aitken Double Star Catalogue|ADS]] 5107, [[Catalog of Components of Double and Multiple Stars|CCDM]] J06288-0702, [[Hipparcos Catalogue|HIP]] 30867,<ref group=note name=hipnote>The [[Hipparcos Catalogue]] entry for HIP 30867 includes all three of β Monocerotis A, B, and C. See [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/239/h_dm_com&recno=6373 component 1], \n[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/239/h_dm_com&recno=6374 component 2], and\n[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/239/h_dm_com&recno=6375 component 3], entries for HIP 30867, ''The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues'', 1997, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/239 I/239], accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref> [[Washington Double Star Catalog|WDS]] 06288-0702A.<ref name=sb0>{{cite simbad|title=* bet01 Mon|access-date=November 21, 2008}}</ref><ref name=wds>Entry 06288-0702,\n[http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/Webtextfiles/wdsnewframe2.html The Washington Double Star Catalog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131051053/http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/Webtextfiles/wdsnewframe2.html |date=2009年01月31日 }},\n[[United States Naval Observatory]]. Accessed on line November 21, 2008.</ref>"},"component1":{"wt":"A"},"names1":{"wt":"[[Bayer designation|β<sup>1</sup> Monocerotis]], β<sup>1</sup> Mon, Beta<sup>1</sup> Monocerotis, Beta<sup>1</sup> Mon, [[Durchmusterung|BD]]−06°1574, [[Boss General Catalogue|GC]] 8412, [[Henry Draper Catalogue|HD]] 45725, [[Bright Star Catalogue|HR]] 2356"},"component2":{"wt":"B"},"names2":{"wt":"[[Durchmusterung|BD]]−06°1575B, [[Henry Draper Catalogue|HD]] 45726, [[Bright Star Catalogue|HR]] 2357"},"component3":{"wt":"C"},"names3":{"wt":"[[Durchmusterung|BD]]−06°1575C, [[Henry Draper Catalogue|HD]] 45727, [[Bright Star Catalogue|HR]] 2358"}},"i":10}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox reference\n","href":"./Template:Starbox_reference"},"params":{"Simbad":{"wt":"beta+Mon"},"Simbad2":{"wt":"beta+Mon+A"},"sn2":{"wt":"A"},"Simbad3":{"wt":"beta+Mon+B"},"sn3":{"wt":"B"},"Simbad4":{"wt":"beta+Mon+C"},"sn4":{"wt":"C"}},"i":11}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Starbox end","href":"./Template:Starbox_end"},"params":{},"i":12}}]}'>
BetaMonocerotis (BetaMon, βMonocerotis, βMon) is a triple star system in the constellation of Monoceros.[14] To the naked eye, it appears as a single star with an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 3.74, making it the brightest visible star in the constellation.[7] A telescope shows a curved line of three pale blue stars (or pale yellow stars, depending on the scope's focus). William Herschel who discovered it in 1781 commented that it is "one of the most beautiful sights in the heavens".[20] The star system consists of three Be stars, βMonocerotisA, βMonocerotisB, and βMonocerotisC. There is also an additional visual companion star that is probably not physically close to the other three stars.[14]
The three stars of βMonocerotis lie approximately in a straight line. Component B is 7" from component A, and component C a further 3" away.[19] The stars have a common proper motion across the sky and very similar radial velocities. They share a single Hipparcos satellite identifier and are assumed to be at the same distance, around 700 light years based on their parallax.[11]
βMonocerotis is classified as a variable star, although it is unclear which of the three components causes the brightness changes.[21] The magnitude range is given as 3.77 to 3.84 in the Hipparcos photometric band.[22]
BetaMonocerotisB (BetaMonB / βMonocerotisB / βMonB) is a Be star with a mass of approximately 6.2 solar masses and a luminosity of 1,600 times the Sun's.[14]
BetaMonocerotisC (BetaMonC / βMonocerotisC / βMonC) is a Be star with a mass of approximately 6 solar masses and a luminosity of 1,300 times the Sun's.[14] This star was observed to be double in speckle interferometric observations in 1988, but this has not been confirmed by later infrared observations.[24][25]
The triple star system has a visual companion, CCDMJ06288-0702D, which has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 12 and is visible approximately 25 arcseconds away from β Monocerotis A.[19] It is probably not physically close to the other three stars, merely appearing next to them in the sky.[14]
↑The Hipparcos Catalogue entry for HIP 30867 includes all three of β Monocerotis A, B, and C. See component 1,
component 2, and
component 3, entries for HIP 30867, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, 1997, CDS ID I/239, accessed on line November 21, 2008.
12Entry, component 1, HIP 30867, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, 1997, CDS ID I/239, accessed on line November 21, 2008.
123Ducati, J. R (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
↑Entry, component 2, HIP 30867, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, 1997, CDS ID I/239, accessed on line November 21, 2008.
1234HR 2357Archived 2017年02月02日 at the Wayback Machine , database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50. Accessed on line November 21, 2008.
12Entry, component 3, HIP 30867, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, 1997, CDS ID I/239, accessed on line November 21, 2008.
12345HR 2356Archived 2016年03月03日 at the Wayback Machine , database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50. Accessed on line November 21, 2008.
12Cowley, A; Gugula, E (1973). "Cyclic variations of the Be star beta 1 Monocerotis". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 22: 203. Bibcode:1973A&A....22..203C.
↑Fabregat, J; Reglero, V (1990). "Determination of Be-Star Parameters from Uvby-Beta Photometry and Hα Equivalent Widths". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 247: 407. Bibcode:1990MNRAS.247..407F.
↑HR 2358, database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50. Accessed on line November 21, 2008.
↑Proctor, Richard Anthony (1879). Half-hours with the Telescope: A Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a Means of Amusement and Instruction. G. P. Putnam's sons.
↑Kazarovets, E. V; Samus, N. N; Durlevich, O. V (2000). "The 75th Name-List of Variable Stars". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 4870: 1. Bibcode:2000IBVS.4870....1K.
↑Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; etal. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
↑Table 1, McAlister Harold A (1993). "ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. X - A further survey for duplicity among the bright stars". The Astronomical Journal. 106: 1639. Bibcode:1993AJ....106.1639M. doi:10.1086/116753..
↑Tokovinin A. A.; Chalabaev A.; Shatsky N. I.; Beuzit J. L. (1999). "§4.1, A near IR adaptive optics search for faint companions to early-type multiple stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 346: 481–486. Bibcode:1999A&A...346..481T.
