2010 Nobel Prizes
The 2010 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.[1]
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.[2] [3]
Prizes
Physics
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andre Geim
(b. 1958) |
Russian
British |
"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene" | [4] | |
| Konstantin Novoselov
(b. 1974) | ||||
Chemistry
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Richard F. Heck
(1931–2015) |
American | "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" | [5] | |
| Ei-ichi Negishi
(1935–2021) |
Japanese | |||
| Akira Suzuki
(b. 1930) | ||||
Physiology or Medicine
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sir Robert G. Edwards
(1925–2013) |
United Kingdom | "for the development of in vitro fertilization" | [6] | |
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Literature
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mario Vargas Llosa
(b. 1936) |
Peru | "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat" | [7] | |
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Peace
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu Xiaobo [A]
(1955–2017) |
China | "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China." | [8] | |
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Economic Sciences
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter A. Diamond
(b. 1940) |
United States | "for their analysis of markets with search frictions" | [9] | |
| Dale T. Mortensen
(1939–2014) | ||||
| Christopher A. Pissarides
(b. 1948) |
Cyprus | |||
A Liu Xiaobo's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned in China.[10]
Controversies
Peace
Led by pressure from China, several countries boycotted the awards ceremony in Sweden due to the Peace Prize's awarding to Liu. China also announced the inauguration of their own peace prize, the Confucius Peace Prize, to be awarded the day before the Nobel Prizes award ceremony.[11]
References
- ^ "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024年12月10日.
- ^ Royen, Ulrika (2013年06月01日). "Video - 2010 The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024年12月10日.
- ^ Walker, Peter (2010年12月10日). "Nobel peace prize placed on empty chair in honour of Liu Xiaobo". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved 2024年12月10日.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011年11月29日.
- ^ "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2010年10月08日. Retrieved 2010年10月11日.
- ^ Jagland, Thorbjørn. "Award Ceremony Speech (2010)". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011年09月06日. Retrieved 2011年10月06日.
- ^ Cowell, Alan (December 7, 2010). "19 Countries to Skip Nobel Ceremony, While China Offers Its Own Prize".