Jump to content
Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia

User:Jura55P4RK2015/Dueling Dinosaurs/Bibliography

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jura55P4RK2015 (talk | contribs) at 17:35, 5 November 2024 (Copy and pasted a rough draft of my chosen article into my Sandbox and bolded the information I plan on inserting.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.Revision as of 17:35, 5 November 2024 by Jura55P4RK2015 (talk | contribs) (Copy and pasted a rough draft of my chosen article into my Sandbox and bolded the information I plan on inserting.)
(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)


Dueling Dinosaurs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Fighting Dinosaurs.

Reconstruction at the specimens in their in situ poses at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. The actual specimens had to be taken apart to be transported, and are thus no longer in the same pose as they were found.

The Dueling Dinosaurs or Montana Dueling Dinosaurs is a fossil specimen originating from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. It consists of the fossilized skeletons of a tyrannosaur (generally considered a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex) and a Triceratops horridus entangled with one another, and entombed in sandstone. This is identical to the Fighting Dinosaurs, an 80-million-year-old specimen found in 1971 Mongolia where a Velociraptor and Protoceratops were locked in battle and preserved (1). The "dueling" inference comes from the numerous injuries sustained by both dinosaurs, including a tooth from the tyrannosaur embedded within the Triceratops, although it is not known whether they were actually buried fighting one another. Tyrannosaurus rex (Tyrant Lizard King) was a 40 ft. long carnivore weighing 6 tons and ruled the Cretaceous period with strong jaws and sharp teeth to tear up to 500 pounds of flesh and bone in a single bite. Triceratops (Three-Horned Face) was bigger than an elephant and was notified by a rounded skull with horns and a bony frill to intimidate and defend against predators (2).  Despite the scientific importance of the specimen, it remained obscure for decades due to a lengthy legal dispute over property rights to the specimen, which has since been resolved. The fossil is in the possession of and being studied by the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, where it went on display in 2024.

History

[edit]

The specimen was originally discovered in 2006 by ranchers Clayton Phipps, Mark Eatman, and Chad O’Connor in Montana. Two different ranching families, the Seversons and the Murrays, owned the land on which the fossils were found. Phipps enlisted the help of CK Preparations, run by Preparer Chris Morrow and Paleoartist Katie Busch, to prepare the specimen.

The Dueling Dinosaurs remained obscure until 2011, when a marketing campaign, including a dedicated website, was launched by the ranchers (with the assistance of commercial paleontologist Pete Larson) to sell them to a prospective buyer. The ranchers unsuccessfully tried to sell the fossil to several museums, including the Smithsonian and the Museum of the Rockies. With no buyers, the fossils were slated to be sold to a private collector instead. In 2013, Larson presented a poster about the tyrannosaur (also referred to as "Bloody Mary", specimen number BHI 6437) at the annual Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting, pronouncing it as a potential specimen of the debated tyrannosaur genus "Nanotyrannus ". This presentation was met with significant controversy and ethical complaints, due to the opposition surrounding publishing on privately-owned specimens. Shortly afterwards, the specimens went on sale, including auctioning at Bonhams, but no purchase was made.

In 2016, Lindsay Zanno of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences reached out to Phipps, starting negotiations to purchase the fossil, with funds being raised through the private nonprofit Friends of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. However, legal issues over rightful ownership of the fossils slowed these negotiations: the Seversons had most of the control over mineral rights on Murray land, and whether fossils could be considered minerals (in which case the Seversons would have rights to it) was disputed. Although a previous court had ruled in favor of the Murrays, in November 2018 judges ruled in favor of the Seversons and that fossils could legally be considered minerals in Montana, angering many paleontologists. However, the case was appealed to the Montana Supreme Court in 2020, who ruled that fossils could not be considered minerals, allowing for the Museum of Natural Sciences to acquire the fossils.

The specimens were officially revealed to the public in April 2024, in a ribbon-cutting ceremony led by then-state governor Roy Cooper.

Significance

[edit]

Cast of a skin impression from the foot of the tyrannosaur

The specimen is considered one of the best-preserved and most complete fossils of both species of Triceratops and over 98% completeness of a Tyrannosaurus and contains skin impressions, and potentially internal organs, stomach contents, and proteins.

For a long time, paleontologists, artists, and filmmakers have made several depictions of Tyrannosaurus rex pitted against Triceratops. The diet of a T-Rex is indicated by studying bitten bones and coprolites (feces), but there is no direct evidence T-Rex and Triceratops ever fought and a lot of Triceratops have had only traces indicating scavenging. Yet healed injuries on a either a T-Rex or Triceratops would be a clear sign of a fight (3). A juvenile T-Rex has a bite force of 5,641 newtons compared to the 35,000 newtons of a full-grown adult. Paleontologists use this information to confirm juveniles do not crush bone but that comes with growth and development, advancing their bite power and strengthening their jaws. Therefore, T-Rex bite force rises in strength and power in correspondence to its size and weight with age (4). The presence of holes on the frill revealed evidence of what could only be done by combat injuries, similar to elk and deer. Chemical analysis indicated the injuries on the bones to be healed. This confirmed Triceratops was capable of battling whether it’s two males fighting for dominance or defense against predators. (5)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

  1. American Museum of Natural History. "The Fighting Dinosaurs". https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/fighting-dinos/the-fighting-dinosaurs Retrieved 2024年10月31日.
  2. North Dakota Studies. "Profile: Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus rex." https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr4/geology-geography-and-climate/part-1-geology/profile-triceratops-and-tyrannosaurus-rex. Retrieved 2024年10月31日.
  3. Black, Riley. Smithsonian Magazine. "Did Tyrannosaurus Ever Battle Triceratops?" 2012年10月26日. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-tyrannosaurus-ever-battle-triceratops-95464192/. Retrieved 2024年10月31日.
  4. Universities of Wisconsin. "Crunch, crunch: UWO research shows teenage T. rex had a powerful bite". 2021年6月25日. https://www.wisconsin.edu/all-in-wisconsin/story/crunch-crunch-uwo-research-shows-teenage-t-rex-had-a-powerful-bite/. Retrieved 2024年10月31日.
  5. Patton, Paul. Moment of Science. "The battle between Triceratops and Triceratops". 2022年08月23日.  https://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/the-battle-between-triceratops-and-triceratops.php. Retrieved 2024年11月03日.
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b c "'Dueling Dinosaurs' fossil, hidden from science for 14 years, could finally reveal its secrets". Science. National Geographic. 2020年11月17日. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  7. ^ "'Dueling dinosaurs' fossils show Triceratops, T. rex, may have died after a battle". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b "North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences to receive the "Dueling Dinosaurs"". Programs and Events Calendar. North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  9. ^ Strickland, Ashley (17 November 2020). "'Dueling dinosaurs' fossils show Triceratops, T. rex, may have died after a battle". CNN. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  10. ^ Patrick, Jessica; Armstrong, Rick (2020年11月17日). "NC Museum of Natural Sciences unveils world's first complete T. rex". WRAL News. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b Bowley, Graham (2013年07月29日). "Clashing Titans for Sale". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  12. ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Sager, Mike. "Will the Public Ever Get to See the "Dueling Dinosaurs"?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2024年07月27日.
  13. ^ "Auction Block Dinosaur Stirs Controversy at SVP". Science. 2013年11月02日. Retrieved 2024年06月11日.
  14. ^ "Nanotyrannus lancensis (Gilmore 1946)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2024年06月11日.
  15. ^ Pantuso, Phillip (2019年07月17日). "Perhaps the best dinosaur fossil ever discovered. So why has hardly anyone seen it?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  16. ^ "Millions at stake in Montana dinosaur fight: Are fossils minerals?". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 2019年11月08日. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  17. ^ Sager, Mike. "Will the Public Ever Get to See the "Dueling Dinosaurs"?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  18. ^ "'Dueling dinosaurs' of Hell Creek find home in North Carolina museum". The Guardian. Associated Press in Raleigh, North Carolina. 2020年11月17日. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.
  19. ^ "'Dueling Dinosaurs' exhibit opens in Raleigh | The North State Journal". nsjonline.com. 2024年05月01日. Retrieved 2024年06月11日.
  20. ^ Keats, Jonathon. "Montana's Dueling Dinosaurs To Fetch Up To 9ドル Million At Bonhams Auction". Forbes. Retrieved 2020年11月18日.

External links

[edit]

  • Official website

Categories:

  • This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 17:04 (UTC).
  • Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /