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| Budō | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese name | |||||
| Kanji | 武道 | ||||
| Hiragana | ぶどう | ||||
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Budō (武道 ) is a Japanese term describing modern Japanese martial arts.[1] [2] [3] Literally translated it means the "Martial Way", and may be thought of as the "Way of War".
Etymology
Budō is a compound of the root bu (武:ぶ), meaning 'war' or 'martial'; and dō (tao in Chinese; 道:どう), meaning 'path' or 'way'[4] (including the Buddhist conception of 'path', or mārga in Sanskrit [5] ). The term refers to the idea of formulating propositions, subjecting them to philosophical critique and then following a 'path' to realize them.[6] Dō signifies a "way of life". Dō in the Japanese context, is an experiential term, experiential in the sense that practice (the way of life) is the norm to verify the validity of the discipline cultivated through a given art form. The modern budō has no external enemy, only the internal enemy, one's ego that must be fought.[7]
Similarly to budō, bujutsu is a compound of the roots bu (武), and jutsu (術:じゅつ), meaning technique.[8] Thus, budō is translated as "martial way",[9] [10] [11] or "the way of war" while bujutsu is translated as "science of war" or "martial craft." However, both budō and bujutsu are used interchangeably in English with the term "martial arts". Budo and bujutsu have quite a delicate difference; whereas bujutsu only gives at/tention to the physical part of fighting (how to best defeat an enemy), budo also gives attention to the mind and how one should develop oneself.
Budō was featured in the Summer Olympic Games demonstration programme in 1964.[12]
Typical budo styles
Bujutsu
It may be difficult to delineate the differences between budō and bujutsu. Sometimes, the differences are considered historical; others cite differences in training methods, training philosophy, or emphasis on spiritual development.
In modern usage, bujutsu, meaning martial/military art/science, is typified by its practical application of technique to real-world or battlefield situations. Budō, meaning martial way, has a more philosophical emphasis.
Civilian vs. military
Many consider budō a more civilian form of martial arts, as an interpretation or evolution of the older bujutsu, which they categorize as a more militaristic style or strategy. According to this distinction, the modern civilian art de-emphasizes practicality and effectiveness in favor of personal development from a fitness or spiritual perspective. The difference is between the more "civilian" versus "military" aspects of combat and personal development. They see budō and bujutsu as representing a particular strategy or philosophy regarding combat systems, but still, the terms are rather loosely applied and often interchangeable.
Art vs. lifestyle
One view is that a bujutsu is the martial art you practice, whereas a budo is the lifestyle you live and the path you walk by practicing a bujutsu. For example, one could say that Judo and Jujutsu practised as a practiced martial art are one and the same, being that the practice of the art Jujutsu leads to obtaining the lifestyle of Judo (Judo was originally known as Kano Jujutsu, after Judo's founder Kano Jigoro). That would be true with arts such as kenjutsu/kendo and iaijutsu/iaido as well.
References
- ^ Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995). The Koryu Bujutsu Experience in Kory Bujutsu - Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan. New Jersey: Koryu Books. pp. 19–20. ISBN 1-890536-04-0.
- ^ Dreager, Donn F. (1974). Modern Bujutsu & Budo - The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan. New York/Tokyo: Weatherhill. p. 11. ISBN 0-8348-0351-8.
- ^ Friday, Karl F. (1997). Legacies of the Sword. Hawai: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-8248-1847-4.
- ^ Sanchez, Cayetano (2013). Budo for Budoka. Cuervo. p. 52-53.
- ^ Morgan, Diane (2001). The Best Guide to Eastern Philosophy and Religion. New York: Renaissance Books. p. 38.
- ^ Kyoto, Minoru (1995). Kendo, Its Philosophy, History and Means to Personal Growth. Kegan Paul International. p. 15.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Craig, Darrell Max (2002). Mugai Ryu - The Classical Samurai Art of Drawing the Sword. Boston, Mass.: YMAA Publication Center. p. 2.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kenneth G Henshall (1998), A Guide to Remembering Japanese Characters, p220 (Tuttle)
- ^ Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995). The Koryu Bujutsu Experience in Kory Bujutsu - Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan. New Jersey: Koryu Books. pp. 19–20. ISBN 1-890536-04-0.
- ^ Dreager, Donn F. (1974). Modern Bujutsu & Budo - The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan. New York/Tokyo: Weatherhill. p. 11. ISBN 0-8348-0351-8.
- ^ Friday, Karl F. (1997). Legacies of the Sword. Hawai: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-8248-1847-4.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. 2011. p. 69.
