Whenever you need help on a specific topic, you can access the corresponding
page in the current User Manual via the
Help button available in most dialogs — please note that third-party
plugins can point to dedicated web pages.
By default, QGIS provides many panels to work with.
Some of these panels are described below while others may be found in different
parts of the document. A complete list of default panels provided by QGIS is
available via the View ► Panels ► menu and mentioned at
Panels.
The Layers panel (also called the maplegend) lists all
the layers in the project and helps you manage their visibility and shape the map.
You can show or hide the panel by pressing Ctrl+1.
QGIS provides a variety of ways to add layers to a project:
using the Add button from the dedicated data provider tab
in the Data source manager dialog
from QGIS Browser panel or DB Manager:
double-click, drag-and-drop files and layers onto QGIS or use the contextual menu
drag-and-drop files from the Operating System files explorer onto QGIS
In all these scenarios, you can open one or many layers at a time.
New layers are added to the Layers panel:
if dropped over the Layers panel, at the exact location they are released
and in case of multiple layers, they are sorted in a way
that increases the chance of their stacking being logical
and features being visible as most as possible, using the following logic (top to bottom):
vector point layers
vector line layers
vector polygon layers
point cloud layers
mesh layers
raster layers
At the top of the Layers panel, a toolbar allows you to:
Filter Legend by Map Content: only the layers that are set
visible and whose features intersect the current map canvas have their style
rendered in the layers panel. Otherwise, a generic NULL symbol is applied to
the layer. Based on the layer symbology, this is a convenient way to identify
which kind of features from which layers cover your area of interest.
Show Private Layers: a convenient shortcut to display and
interact with private layers
in the Layers panel without modifying the project settings.
Show Broken Layers Only: only layers with broken data sources
are displayed.
expressionFilterFilter Legend by Expression: apply an
expression to remove styles from the selected layer tree that have no feature
satisfying the condition. This can be used to highlight features
that are within a given area/feature of another layer.
From the drop-down list, you can edit and clear the expression currently applied.
toggleSelectedLayersToggle Selected Layers: changes the visibility of
the first selected layer in the panel, and applies that state to the other selected
layers. Also accesible through Space shortcut.
Toggle Selected Layers Independently: changes the visibility status
of each selected layer
Beyond the simple control of layer visibility,
the showPresetsManage Map Themes menu allows you to configure
Map Themes in the legend and switch from one map theme to another.
A map theme is a snapshot of the current map legend that records:
the visible classes of the style, ie the layer checked node items in the
Layers panel. This applies to symbologies
other than the single symbol rendering
the collapsed/expanded state of the layer node(s) and the group(s) it’s placed
inside
To create a map theme:
Check a layer you want to show
Configure the layer properties (symbology, diagram, labels...) as usual
A map theme does not remember the current details of the properties:
only a reference to the style name is saved, so whenever you apply
modifications to the layer while this style is enabled (eg change the
symbology rendering), the map theme is updated with new information.
Repeat the previous steps as necessary for the other layers
If applicable, expand or collapse groups or visible layer nodes in the
Layers panel
Click on the showPresetsManage Map Themes button on top of the panel,
and Add Theme...
Enter the map theme’s name and click OK
The new theme is listed in the lower part of the showPresets drop-down menu.
You can create as many map themes as you need: whenever the current combination
in the map legend (visible layers, their active style, the map legend nodes)
does not match any existing map theme contents as defined above, click on
Add Theme... to create a new map theme, or use
Replace Theme ► to update a map theme.
You can rename the active map theme with Rename Current Theme... or
use the Remove Current Theme button to delete it.
Map themes are helpful to switch quickly between different preconfigured
combinations: select a map theme in the list to restore its combination.
All configured themes are also accessible in the print layout, allowing you to
create different map items based on specific themes and independent of
the current main canvas rendering (see Map item layers).
8.2.1.2. Overview of the context menu of the Layers panel
At the bottom of the toolbar, the main component of the Layers panel is the
frame listing all the layers added to the project, optionally organized in groups.
A layer with a checked box next to it displays its contents overlapping the map
canvas extent, unless a scale-based visibility is set.
A layer can be selected and dragged up or down in the legend to change the Z-ordering.
Z-ordering means that layers listed nearer the top of the legend are drawn
over layers listed lower down in the legend.
Also a layer or a group of layers can be dragged across several QGIS instances.
Note
The Z-ordering behavior can be overridden by the
Layer Order panel.
Depending on the item selected in the panel, a right-click shows a dedicated set of options presented below.
Some of these entries are not available when multiple selections are made
(e.g., Filter, Rename, Properties).
Table 8.1 Contextual menus from Layers panel items
Layers in the legend window can be organized into groups. There are different ways to
do this:
Press the folder icon to add a new group. Type in a name for
the group and press Enter. Now click on an existing layer and
drag it onto the group.
Select more than one layer, then press the folder icon.
The selected layers are automatically inserted into the new group.
Select some layers, right-click in the legend window and choose
Group Selected. The selected layers will automatically be placed
in a new group.
To move a layer out of a group, drag it out, or right-click on it and
choose Move Out of Group: the layer is moved from the group and
placed above it. Groups can also be nested inside other groups. If a layer
is placed in a nested group, Move Out of Group will move the layer
out of all nested groups.
To move a group or layer to the top of the layer panel, either drag it to
the top, or choose Move to Top. If you use this option on a layer nested
in a group, the layer is moved to the top in its current group.
The Move to Bottom option follows the same logic to move layers
and groups down.
The checkbox for a group will show or hide the checked layers in the group
with one click.
With Ctrl pressed, the checkbox will also turn on or off all
the layers in the group and its sub-groups.
Ctrl-click on a checked / unchecked layer will uncheck / check the
layer and all its parents.
Enabling the Mutually Exclusive Group option means you can make a group have
only one layer visible at the same time.
Whenever a layer within the group is set visible the others will be toggled not visible.
It is possible to select more than one layer or group at the same time by
holding down the Ctrl key while clicking additional layers. You can then move
all selected layers to a new group at the same time.
You may also delete more than one layer or group at once by selecting
several items with the Ctrl key and then pressing Ctrl+D:
all selected layers or groups will be removed from the layers list.
More information on layers and groups using indicator icon
In some circumstances, formatting or icons next to the layer or group in the
Layers panel change to give more information about the layer/group.
These elements are:
toggleEditing to indicate that the layer is in edit mode and you can modify
the data
editableEdits to indicate that the layer being edited has some unsaved changes
indicatorFilter to indicate a filter applied
to the layer. Hover over the icon to see the filter expression and double-click
to update the query
indicatorBadLayer to identify a layer whose data source was not available
at the project file opening (see Handling broken file paths).
Click the icon to update the source path or select Repair Data Source...
entry from the layer contextual menu.
indicatorMemory to remind you that the layer is a temporary scratch
layer and its content will be discarded when you
close this project. To avoid data loss and make the layer permanent, click
the icon to store the layer in any of the GDAL vector formats supported by QGIS.
indicatorNoCRS to identify a layer that has no/unknown CRS
indicatorLowAccuracy for layers with coordinates stored in a coordinate
reference system which is inherently low accuracy (requires the
corresponding setting to be enabled)
indicatorTemporal to identify a temporal layer controlled by canvas animation
A grayed name, when the map canvas current scale is outside the layer’s
visibility scale range (as set in its Rendering properties).
Select the contextual menu Zoom to Visible Scale option to zoom
the map to the layer’s nearest visibility scale bound.
Groups are a means of structuring layers within a tree in the project
but they can also impact how their component layers are rendered,
namely as a single flattened object during map renders.
The option for such a rendering is available within the Layer Styling panel whenever a group is selected.
Under the symbologySymbology tab, check checkboxRender Layers as a Group
to enable a set of options to control the appearance of the child layers as a whole, instead of individual layers:
Opacity: Features from child layers which are obscured by other child layers remain obscured,
and the opacity applies to the "whole of group" only.
The image on the left shows two layers being rendered at 50% opacity
(underlying features are visible, but semi-masked by the 50% red feature on top).
The second image shows the result of setting the opacity on the group
(parts of the blue underlying child layer is completely obscured by the red layer on top
and then the result is rendered at 50% opacity).
Blend modes: Just like opacity, setting a blend mode (like multiply, overlay, ...)
for an entire group results first in flattening features of child layers, with upper ones obscuring lower.
The rendering is then obtained by blending the flat group and the layers sitting below the group.
When the child layers have blend modes assigned, it is applied before flattening
but the scope is restricted to only affecting other child layers from that group,
and not other layers sitting below the whole group.
Some more blending modes options are available for child layers in groups,
in their Symbology tab which perform "clipping" style operations
on other child layers during the render.
You can e.g. clip the render of one layer’s content by the content in a second "mask" layer.
Layer effects: applies effects only to the flattened render of the child layers;
So e.g. a drop shadow effect applied to the group would not be visible for obscured child layers.
When a group is set to Render layers as a group,
then only the group will be shown in the Layer Order panel list.
Group children will not be visible in this order list,
as their ordering is determined by the placement of the group layer.
From the Layers panel, you have shortcuts to change the layer rendering quickly and easily.
Right-click on a layer and select Styles ► in the list in order to:
see the styles currently available for the layer.
If you defined many styles for the layer, you can switch from one to another
and your layer rendering will automatically be updated on the map canvas.
copy part or all of the current style, and when applicable, paste a copied
style from another layer
Rename current... style
Add a new style (which is actually a copy of the current one)
or Remove current style (only when multiple styles are available).
Tip
Quickly share a layer style
From the context menu, copy the style of a layer and paste it to a group
or a selection of layers: the style is applied to all the layers that
are of the same type (vector, raster, mesh, point cloud, ...) as the original layer and,
for vector layers, have the same geometry type (point, line or polygon).
When using a symbology based on features classification
(e.g. categorized, graduated
or rule-based for vector layers,
or classification for point clouds),
right-clicking a class entry in the Layers panels makes it possible
to edit the visibility of the classes (and their features) and avoid (un)checking them one by one:
The Layer Styling panel (also enabled with Ctrl+3) is
a shortcut to some of the functionalities of the Layer Properties
dialog. It provides a quick and easy way to define the rendering and the
behavior of a layer, and to visualize its effects without having to open the
layer properties dialog.
In addition to avoiding the blocking (or "modal") layer properties dialog, the layer
styling panel also avoids cluttering the screen with dialogs, and
contains most style functions (color selector, effects properties, rule edit,
label substitution...): e.g., clicking color buttons inside the layer style panel
causes the color selector dialog to be opened inside the layer style panel itself
rather than as a separate dialog.
From a drop-down list of current layers in the layer panel, select an item and:
See the historyHistory of changes you applied to the
layer style in the current project: you can therefore cancel or restore to any
state by selecting it in the list and clicking Apply.
Another powerful feature of this panel is the checkboxLive update checkbox.
Tick it to render your changes immediately on the map canvas:
you no longer need to click the Apply button.
../../../_images/layer_styling.png
Fig. 8.3 Defining a layer’s symbology from the layer styling panel
By default, layers shown on the QGIS map canvas are drawn following their order
in the Layers panel: the higher a layer is in the panel, the
higher (hence, more visible) it’ll be in the map view.
You can define a drawing order for the layers independent of the order in the
layers panel with the Layer Order panel enabled
in View ► Panels ► menu or with Ctrl+9.
Check checkboxControl rendering order underneath
the list of layers and reorganize the layers in the panel as you want. This
order becomes the one applied to the map canvas.
For example, in Fig. 8.4, you can see that the airports
features are displayed over the alaska polygon despite those layers’
respective placement in the Layers panel.
Unchecking checkboxControl rendering order will
revert to default behavior.
../../../_images/layer_order.png
Fig. 8.4 Define a layer order independent of the legend
The Overview panel (Ctrl+8) displays a map with
a full extent view of some of the layers. The Overview map is filled with layers
using the Show in Overview option from the Layer
menu or in the layer contextual menu. Within the view,
a red rectangle shows the current map canvas extent, helping you quickly to
determine which area of the whole map you are currently viewing. If you
click-and-drag the red rectangle in the overview frame, the main map view
extent will update accordingly.
Note that labels are not rendered to the map overview even
if the layers used in the map overview have been set up for labeling.
When loading or processing some operations, you can track and follow messages
that appear in different tabs using the messageLogLog Messages Panel.
It can be activated using the most right icon in the bottom status bar.
For each layer being edited, the Undo/Redo (Ctrl+5) panel
shows the list of actions carried out, allowing you
quickly to undo a set of actions by selecting the action listed above.
More details at Undo and Redo edits.
The Statistics panel (Ctrl+6) provides summarized information
on any vector layer. This panel allows you to select:
the vector layer to compute the statistics on: it can be selected
from the top drop-down menu, or synced with the active layer in the
Layers panel using the Follow selected layer
checkbox at the bottom of the statistics drop-down list
the field or expressionexpression to use:
for each layer, the last entry is remembered and automatically computed
upon layer reselection.
the statistics to return using the drop-down button at the bottom-right of the
dialog. Depending on the field’s (or expression’s values) type, available
statistics are:
Table 8.2 Statistics available for each field type
The Debugging/Development Tools panel (F12) provides
a unified place for handling and debugging actions within QGIS.
Available tools are organized under following tabs:
networkAndProxyNetwork Logger: records and displays network requests
and interactions
dbManagerQuery Logger: logs SQL commands issued by data providers
and duration of execution
stopwatchProfiler: provides load times for every actions
in order to detect causes of slow down
Note
Plugin authors can extend the panel with custom tabs
for debugging and developping their own plugins.
This is done using registerDevToolWidgetFactory method.
The helpContentsAPI Documentation tab can display either
the logoPyQGIS API documentation or the qtQt API documentation.
These are embedded in the widget, allowing you to browse and search the docs without leaving QGIS.
It is also the place you can display specific help page for objects or classes in your code sample;
from the Python interactive console or text editor dialog, select or hover a text
and press F1 or right-click and select helpContentsContextual help to get its API help.
If you wish to read the active page in the system web browser, then press wmsOpen in web browser.
Read contextual help for details on the widget configuration.
The networkAndProxyNetwork Logger tab helps you record
and display network requests, along with a whole load of useful details
like request and reply status, header, errors, SSL configuration errors,
timeouts, cache status, etc.
From its top toolbar, you can:
recordRecord Log: which will start or stop the logging.
The dbManagerQuery Logger is the place to log the SQL commands
sent by the data provider and the connections API to the backend database,
together with their execution time as measured by QGIS (i.e. in the client
that sent the commands).
This can be useful when investigating performances of a particular layer
during debugging or development of a QGIS algorithm or plugin.
From its top toolbar, you can:
recordRecord Log: which will start or stop the logging.
The stopwatchProfiler tab allows to get load times for every
single operation involved in actions requested by the user. Depending on
the context, these operations can be settings reading, menu, map canvas or 3D
views creation, resolving map layers reference, bookmark or layout loading, ...
This helps identify causes of slow load times.
Default supported actions can be selected from the Category drop-down menu:
Startup helps you diagnose (and fix) occasional long startup times of QGIS.
Project Load allows you to get a breakdown of the various stages
of project load, in order to identify the causes of slow project load times.
Map Render tool allows you to identify pain points in your
map rendering and track down exactly which layers are causing long map redraws.
Sometimes, you’d like to keep some layers in different projects, but with the
same style. You can either create a default style for
these layers or embed them from another project to save time and effort.
Embed layers and groups from an existing project has some advantages over
styling:
All types of layers (vector or raster, local or online...) can be added
Fetching groups and layers, you can keep the same tree structure of the
"background" layers in your different projects
While the embedded layers are editable, you can’t change their properties
such as symbology, labels, forms, default values and actions, ensuring
consistency across projects
Modify the items in the original project and changes are propagated to all
the other projects
If you want to embed content from other project files into your project, select
Layer ► Embed Layers and Groups:
Click the ... button to look for a project: you can see the content of the
project (see Fig. 8.9)
Hold down Ctrl ( or osxCmd) and click on the layers and
groups you wish to retrieve
Click OK
The selected layers and groups are embedded in the Layers
panel and displayed on the map canvas. An indicatorEmbedded
icon is added next to their name for recognition and hovering over displays
a tooltip with the original project file path.
Like any other layer, an embedded layer can be removed from the project by
right-clicking on the layer and clicking removeLayerRemove.
Tip
Change rendering of an embedded layer
It’s not possible to change the rendering of an embedded layer, unless you make
the changes in the original project file. However, right-clicking on a layer and
selecting Duplicate creates a layer which is fully-featured and not
dependent on the original project. You can then safely remove the linked
layer.
Other than selectPolygonSelect Features by Polygon, these
manual selection tools allow you to select feature(s) on the map canvas with a
single click.
Note
Use the selectPolygonSelect Features by Polygon tool
to use an existing polygon feature (from any layer) to select overlapping features
in the active layer.
Right-click in the polygon and choose it from the context menu that shows a
list of all the polygons that contain the clicked point.
All the overlapping features from the active layer are selected.
Tip
Use the Edit ► Select ► Reselect Features
tool to redo your latest selection.
Very useful when you have painstakingly made a selection, and then click
somewhere else accidentally and clear your selection.
While using the selectRectangleSelect Feature(s) tool,
holding Shift or Ctrl (Cmd on macOS) toggles whether a feature is selected
(i.e., either adds to the current selection or removes from it).
For the other tools, different behaviors can be performed by holding down:
Shift: add features to the current selection
Ctrl/Cmd: subtract features from the current selection
Ctrl+Shift/Cmd+Shift: intersect with the current selection, i.e., only keep
overlapping features from the current selection
Alt: select features that are totally within the selection shape.
Combined with Shift or Ctrl/Cmd keys, you can add or subtract
features to/from the current selection.
The other selection tools, most of them available from the Attribute table, perform a selection based on a feature’s attribute
or its selection state (note that attribute table and map canvas show the
same information, so if you select one feature in the attribute table, it will
be selected on the map canvas too):
expressionSelectSelect Features By Expression... or press Ctrl+F3
to select features using the expression dialog
deselectAllDeselect Features from All Layers or press
Ctrl+Alt+A to deselect all selected features in all layers
deselectActiveLayerDeselect Features from the Current Active Layer
or press Ctrl+Shift+A
selectAllSelect All Features or press Ctrl+A to select all
features in the current layer
invertSelectionInvert Feature Selection to invert the selection in
the current layer
selectLocationSelect by Location to select the features
based on their spatial relationship with other features (in the same or
another layer - see Select by location)
selectDistanceSelect within distance to select features
wherever they are within the specified maximum distance from referenced features -
see Select within distance)
For example, if you want to find regions that are boroughs from
regions.shp of the QGIS sample data, you can:
Use the expressionSelectSelect features using an Expression icon
Expand the Fields and Values group
Double-click the field that you want to query ("TYPE_2")
Click All Unique in the panel that shows up on the right
From the list, double-click ‘Borough’. In the
Expression editor field, write the following query:
"TYPE_2"='Borough'
Click Select Features
From the expression builder dialog, you can also use Function
list ► Recent (Selection) to make a selection that you have used before. The
dialog remembers the last 20 expressions used. See Expressions
for more information and examples.
Tip
Save your selection into a new file
Users can save selected features into a New Temporary Scratch Layer or a
New Vector Layer using Edit ► Copy Features and
Edit ► Paste Features as in the desired format.
This selection tool opens the layer’s feature form allowing the user to choose
which value to look for for each field, whether the search should be case-sensitive,
and the operation that should be used. The tool has also autocompletes,
automatically filling the search box with existing values.
../../../_images/select_by_value.png
Fig. 8.10 Filter/Select features using form dialog
Alongside each field, there is a drop-down list with options to
control the search behaviour:
For string comparisons, it is also possible to use the checkboxCase sensitive option.
After setting all search options, click Select features
to select the matching features. The drop-down options are:
Select features
Add to current selection
Remove from current selection
Filter current selection
You can also clear all search options using the Reset form button.
Once the conditions are set, you can also either:
Zoom to features on the map canvas without the need of a preselection
Flash features, highlighting the matching features. This is a
handy way to identify a feature without selection or using the Identify tool.
Note that the flash does not alter the map canvas extent and would be visible only
if the feature is within the bounds of the current map canvas.
The identifyIdentify Features tool allows you to interact with the map canvas
and get information on features or pixels in a pop-up window.
It can be used to query most of the layer types supported by QGIS
(vector, raster, mesh, point cloud, wms, wfs, ...).
To identify an element, use either:
identifyIdentify Features button on the Attributes toolbar
Then click on a feature or pixel of the active layer.
The identified item gets highlighted in the map canvas
while the Identify Results dialog opens with detailed information on it.
The dialog also shows a set of buttons for advanced configuration.
The View controls the general aspect of the dialog
and the formatting of the results; it can be set as:
Tree: this is the default view, and returns the results in a tree-structure
Table: available only for raster-based layers, it allows to display the results
as a table whose columns are Layer, FID, Attribute and Value
or Graph: available only for raster-based layers
The Mode helps you select the layers from which results could be returned.
These layers should be set visible, displaying data in the map canvas,
and set identifiable
from the Project properties ► Data Sources ► Layers capabilities.
Available modes are:
Current layer: only the layer(s) selected in the Layers panel
return results.
If a group is selected, then results are picked from its leaf layers.
Top down, stop at first: results are from the layer of the top most feature or pixel
under the mouse.
Top down: results are from the layers with feature or pixel under the mouse.
Layer selection: opens a contextual menu where the user selects the layer
to identify features from.
If only a single feature is under the mouse, then the results are automatically displayed.
In the upper part of the Identify Results dialog,
a frame shows the information returned by features
as a table, a graph or a tree, depending on the selected view.
When in a tree view, you have a handful of tools above the results:
editCopyCopy the identified feature to clipboard, suitable for pasting in a spreadsheet.
filePrintPrint selected HTML response: a text-based formatting of the results
to print on paper or save as a .PDF file
the interactive identifying tools: a drop-down menu
with tools for selecting on the map canvas features or pixels to identify
Under optionsIdentify Settings, you can activate whether to:
checkboxAuto open form for single feature results:
If checked, each time a single feature is identified, a form opens showing its attributes.
This is a handy way to quickly edit a feature’s attributes.
uncheckedHide derived attributes from results
to only show fields actually defined in the layer
In its default display (View: Tree), the Identify Results panel
offers several tools to interact with the layers to query.
A smart combination of these tools with the target layers selector
may greatly improve identification operations:
single click or click-and-drag: overlaying features in the target layers are returned
right-click: overlaying features from target layers are listed in the contextual menu,
grouped by layers. You can then choose to:
display the result for a specific feature,
display the result for all the features of a specific layer,
for vector layers, it is also possible to open its attribute table
filtered to the returned features
or show all of the returned features.
identifyByMouseOverIdentify Features on Mouse over:
move over the map canvas and hovered items in the target layers get highlighted
and returned in the results panel.
identifyByPolygonIdentify Features by Polygon:
returns items overlapping a drawn or selected polygon.
Draw a polygon (left click to add point, right click to close the polygon)
and all the overlaying features from target layers are highlighted
and returned in the results panel.
Right-click and you get the list of all visible polygon features
in the project under the click.
Pick an entry and QGIS will return all the features from the target layers
that overlap the selected polygon.
identifyByFreehandIdentify Features by Freehand:
returns items overlapping a polygon drawn by freehand.
Draw a polygon (left-click to start, move the pointer to shape the area
and right-click to close the polygon).
All the overlaying features from target layers are highlighted
and returned in the results panel.
identifyByRadiusIdentify Features by Radius
returns items overlapping a drawn circle.
Draw a cercle (left-click to indicate the center point,
move the pointer to shape the area or enter the radius in the pop-up text box
and left-click or press Enter to validate the circle).
All the overlaying features from target layers are highlighted
and returned in the results panel.
Tip
Filter the layers to query with the Identify Features tool
Under Project ► Properties... ► Data Sources ► Layer Capabilities,
uncheck the Identifiable column next to a layer
to avoid it being queried when using the identifyIdentify Features tool.
This is a handy way to return features from only layers that are of interest to you.
When you identify a data in the map canvas, the Identify Results dialog will list
information about the items clicked (or hovered over, depending on the tool in use).
The default view is a tree view in which the first item is the name of the layer
and its children are its identified feature(s).
Each feature is described by the name of a field along with its value.
This field is the one set in Layer Properties ► Display.
All the other information about the feature follows.
The feature information displayed by the identify tool will depend on the type
of layer you have selected, whether it is a vector layer (including vector tiles
or point cloud data) or raster layer. If your layer is raster, clicking on a location
on the map canvas with identify tool will highlight the identified raster pixel.
The Identify Results dialog can be customized to display custom fields, but by
default it will display the following information:
Actions: Actions can be added to the identify feature windows.
The action is run by clicking on the action label. By default, only one action
is added, namely Viewfeatureform for editing. You can define more actions
in the layer’s properties dialog (see Actions Properties).
Derived: This information is calculated or derived from other information.
It includes:
general information about the feature’s geometry:
depending on the geometry type, the cartesian measurements of length,
perimeter or area in the layer’s CRS units.
For 3D line vectors the cartesian line length is available.
depending on the geometry type and if an ellipsoid is set in the project
properties dialog for Measurements, the ellipsoidal values of
length, perimeter or area using the specified units
the count of geometry parts in the feature and the number of the part
clicked
the count of vertices in the feature
coordinate information, using the project properties Coordinates
display settings:
X and Y coordinate values of the point clicked
the number of the closest vertex to the point clicked
X and Y coordinate values of the
closest vertex (and Z/M if applicable)
if you click on a curved segment,
the radius of that section is also displayed.
if both the vector layer and the project have vertical datums set and they differ,
the Z value will be displayed for both datums.
Data attributes: This is the list of attribute fields and values for the
feature that has been clicked.
information about the related child feature if you defined a relation:
the name of the relation
the entry in reference field, e.g. the name of the related child feature
Actions: lists actions defined in the layer’s properties dialog (see Actions Properties)
and the default action is Viewfeatureform.
Data attributes: This is the list of attributes fields and values of the
related child feature.
Note
Links in the feature’s attributes are clickable from the Identify
Results panel and will open in your default web browser.
When a vector layer is added to the map canvas, QGIS by default uses a random
symbol/color to render its features. However, you can set a default symbol in
Project ► Properties... ► Default styles that will be
applied to each newly added layer according to its geometry type.
Most of the time, though, you’d rather have a custom and more complex style
that can be applied automatically or manually to the layers (with less effort).
You can achieve this by using the Style menu at the bottom
of the Layer Properties dialog. This menu provides you with functions to
create, load and manage styles.
A style stores various information set in the layer or project properties dialog to render or interact with the layer.
This includes:
Table 8.4 Components of stored style and their references
[1]: For raster layers, symbology and rendering items are melted together,
meaning that saving/loading one would also save/load items of/from the other.
By default, the style applied to a loaded layer is named default. Once you
have got the ideal and appropriate rendering for your layer, you can save it by
clicking the selectStringStyle combo box and choosing:
Rename Current: The active style is renamed and updated with the current
options
Add: A new style is created using the current options. By default, it will
be saved in the QGIS project file. See below to save the style in another file
or a database
Remove: Delete unwanted style, in case you have more than one style defined
for the layer.
At the bottom of the Style drop-down list, you can see the styles set for the layer
with the active one checked.
Note that each time you validate the layer properties dialog, the active style
is updated with the changes you’ve made.
You can create as many styles as you wish for a layer but only one can be active
at a time. In combination with Map Themes,
this offers a quick and powerful way to manage complex projects without the need
to duplicate any layer in the map legend.
Note
Given that whenever you apply modifications to the layer properties, changes
are stored in the active style, always ensure you are editing the right style
to avoid mistakenly altering a style used in a map theme.
Tip
Manage styles from layer context menu
Right-click on the layer in the Layers panel to copy, paste, add
or rename layer styles.
For both vector and raster layers, you can choose which style categories to copy/paste:
All Style Categories
All Symbology and Labeling Categories (including diagrams),
and All Fields and Attribute Form Categories for vector layers
All Symbology and Labeling Categories option for raster layers
or one of the available categories.
Keep in mind that, for the raster layer, the Symbology
and Rendering categories are always copied together.
While styles created from the Style combo box are by default saved
inside the project and can be copied and pasted from layer to layer in the project,
it’s also possible to save them outside the project so that they can be loaded
in another project.
Used on file-based format layers (.shp, .tab...), Save
as Default generates a .qml file for the layer (with the same name).
SLDs can be exported from any type of renderer – single symbol,
categorized, graduated or rule-based – but when importing an SLD, either a
single symbol or rule-based renderer is created.
This means that categorized or graduated styles are converted to rule-based.
If you want to preserve those renderers, you have to use the QML format.
On the other hand, it can be very handy sometimes to have this easy way of
converting styles to rule-based.
Vector layer styles can also be stored in a database if the layer datasource is a
database provider. Supported formats are PostgreSQL, GeoPackage, SpatiaLite, MS SQL Server
and Oracle. The layer style is saved inside a table (named layer_styles)
in the database. Click on Save Style... ► Save in database
then fill in the dialog to define a style name, add a description, a .ui
file if applicable and to check if the style should be the default style.
You can save several styles for a single table in the database. However, each
table can have only one default style. Default styles can be saved in the layer
database or in qgis.db, a local SQLite database in the active
user profile directory.
You can only save your style in a database if the layer comes from such a
database. You can’t mix databases (layer in Oracle and style in MS SQL Server for
instance). Use instead a plain text file if you want the style to be shared
among databases.
When loading a layer in QGIS, if a default style already exists for this layer,
QGIS loads the layer with this style. Also Style ► Restore Default
looks for and loads that file, replacing the layer’s current style.
Style ► Load Style helps you apply any saved style to a
layer. While text-file styles (.sld or .qml) can be applied
to any layer whatever its format, loading styles stored in a database is only
possible if the layer is from the same database or the style is stored in the
QGIS local database.
The Database Styles Manager dialog displays a list of styles related
to the layer found in the database and all the other styles saved in it,
with name and description.
Tip
Quickly share a layer style within the project
You can also share layer styles within a project without importing a file or
database style: right-click on the layer in the Layers Panel and,
from the Styles combo box , copy the style of a layer and paste it
to a group or a selection of layers: the style is applied to all the layers
that are of the same type (vector vs raster) as the original layer and, in
the case of vector layers, have the same geometry type (point, line or polygon).
Layer definitions can be saved as a LayerDefinitionFile
(.qlr) using
Export ► Save As Layer Definition File... in the
active layers’ context menu.
A layer definition file (.qlr) includes references to the
data source of the layers and their styles.
.qlr files are shown in the Browser Panel and can be used to add
the layers (with the saved style) to the Layers Panel.
You can also drag and drop .qlr files from the system file manager into the map
canvas.
In addition to displaying and symbolizing the data in the layers, QGIS allows
you to fill:
metadata: information to help people find and understand the dataset,
how they can access and use it... these are properties of the datasource and
can live out of the QGIS project.
notes: instructions and comments regarding the layer in the current project
In the layer properties dialog, the editMetadataMetadata tab
provides you with options to create and edit a metadata report on your layer.
Information to fill concern:
the data Identification: basic attribution of the dataset (parent,
identifier, title, abstract, language...);
the Categories the data belongs to. Alongside the ISO categories,
you can add custom ones;
the Keywords to retrieve the data and associated concepts following
a standard based vocabulary;
the Access to the dataset (licenses, rights, fees, and constraints);
the Extent of the dataset, either spatial one (CRS, map extent,
altitudes) or temporal;
the Contact of the owner(s) of the dataset;
the Links to ancillary resources and related information;
the History of the dataset.
A summary of the filled information is provided in the Validation
tab and helps you identify potential issues related to the form. You can then
either fix them or ignore them.
Metadata are saved in the project file by default, the Metadata drop-down
offers options for loading/saving metadata from .qmd file
and for loading/saving metadata in the "Default" location.
The "Default" location used by Save to Default Location and
Restore from Default Location changes depending on the underlying
data source and on its configuration:
For PostgreSQL data sources if the configuration
option Allow saving/loading QGIS layer metadata in the database
is checked the metadata are stored inside a dedicated table in the
database.
For GeoPackage data sources Save to Default Location always saves
the metadata in the internal metadata tables of the GeoPackage.
When metadata are saved into the internal tables of PostgreSQL or GeoPackage they
become available for search and filtering in the browser and in
the layer metadata search panel.
For all other file based data sources Save to Default Location
saves the metadata in a .qmd file alongside the file.
In all other cases Save to Default Location saves the metadata
in a local .sqlite database.
Layer notes allow you to document the layer within the current project.
They can be place to store important messages for users of the project like
to do lists, instructions, warnings, ...
From the layer’s contextual menu in Layers panel, select
Add layer notes... and fill the open dialog with necessary texts.
The Add layer notes dialog provides a html-based multiline text box
with a complete set of tools for:
text manipulation: cut, copy, paste, undo, redo
characters formatting, applied to all or parts of the contents: font size
and color, bold, italic, underline, strikethrough, background color, URL highlighting
paragraph structuring: bullet and numbered lists, indentation, predefined headings
file insertion, even with drag-and-drop
editing with HTML coding
From the ... drop-down at the far right of the toolbar, you can:
Remove all formatting
Remove character formatting
Clear all content
In the Layers panel, a layer with a note is assigned
the indicatorNotes icon which, upon hover, displays the note.
Click the icon to edit the note. You can as well right-click the layer and
Edit layer note... or Remove layer note.
Note
Notes are part of the layer style and
can be saved in the .qml or .qlr file. They can also be
transferred from one layer to another while copy-pasting the layer style.
In QGIS, you can use variables to store useful recurrent values (e.g. the
project’s title, or the user’s full name) that can be used in expressions.
Variables can be defined at the application’s global level, project level,
layer level, processing modeler level, layout level, and layout item’s level.
Just like CSS cascading rules, variables can be overwritten - e.g., a project level
variable will overwrite any application global level variables set with
the same name. You can use these variables to build text strings or other
custom expressions using the @ character before the variable name. For
example in print layout creating a label with this content:
modeler variables from the Model Designer dialog
(see The model designer);
layout variables from the Layout panel in the
Print layout (see The Layout Panel);
and layout item variables from the Item Properties
panel in the Print layout (see Layout Items Common Options).
To differentiate from editable variables, read-only variable names and
values are displayed in italic. On the other hand, higher level
variables overwritten by lower level ones are strike through.
QGIS has the facility to store/retrieve authentication credentials in a secure
manner. Users can securely save credentials into authentication configurations,
which are stored in a portable database, can be applied to server or database
connections, and are safely referenced by their ID tokens in project or settings
files. For more information see Authentication System.
A master password needs to be set up when initializing the authentication
system and its portable database.
The Select Color dialog will appear whenever you click
the selectColor icon to choose a color. The features of this dialog
depend on the state of the Use native color chooser dialogs
parameter checkbox in Settings ► Options... ► General.
When checked, the color dialog used is the native one of the OS on which
QGIS is running. Otherwise, the QGIS custom color chooser is used.
The custom color chooser dialog has four different tabs which allow you to
select colors by colorBoxColor ramp, colorWheelColor wheel,
colorSwatchesColor swatches or colorPickerColor picker.
With the first two tabs, you can browse to all possible color combinations and
apply your choice to the item.
In the colorSwatchesColor swatches tab, you can choose from a
list of color palettes (see Colors settings for details).
All but the Recent colors palette can be modified with the
symbologyAddAdd current color and symbologyRemoveRemove selected color
buttons at the bottom of the frame.
The ... button next to the palette combo box also offers several
options to:
copy, paste, import or export colors
create, import or remove color palettes
add the custom palette to the color selector widget with the Show
in Color Buttons item (see Fig. 8.19)
Another option is to use the colorPickerColor picker which allows
you to sample a color from under your mouse cursor at any part of the QGIS UI or even
from another application: press the space bar while the tab is active, move the
mouse over the desired color and click on it or press the space bar again. You
can also click the Sample Color button to activate the picker.
Whatever method you use, the selected color is always described
through options of a Color model
that defaults to the project color model:
RGB: color is set using sliders for HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value)
or RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values.
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
Modifying a color is as simple as clicking on the color wheel or ramp or on any
of the color parameters sliders. You can adjust such parameters with the spinbox
beside or by scrolling the mouse wheel over the corresponding slider. You
can also type the color in HTML notation.
Finally, there is an Opacity slider to set transparency level.
The dialog also provides a visual comparison between the
Old color (applied to object) and the Current one (being selected).
Using drag-and-drop or pressing the atlasNextAdd color to
swatch button, any of these colors can be saved in a slot for easy access.
Tip
Quick color modification
Drag-and-drop a color selector widget onto another one to apply its color.
Click the drop-down arrow to the right of the selectColor color button
to display a widget for quick color selection. This shortcut provides access
to:
a color wheel to pick a color from
an alpha slider to change color opacity
the color palettes previously set to Show in Color Buttons
copy the current color and paste it into another widget
pick a color from anywhere on your computer display
choose a color from the color selector dialog
drag-and-drop the color from one widget to another for quick modification
Tip
Scroll the mouse wheel over a color selector widget to quickly
modify the opacity of the associated color.
Note
When the color widget is set to a project color
through the data-defined override properties, the above functions for
changing the color are unavailable. You’d first need to Unlink color
or Clear the definition.
Color ramps are a practical way to apply a set of colors to one or many features.
Their creation is described in the Setting a Color Ramp section. As for the colors,
pressing the selectColorRamp color ramp button opens the corresponding color
ramp type dialog allowing you to change its properties.
The drop-down menu to the right of the button gives quick access to a
wider set of color ramps and options:
Invert Color Ramp
Clear Current Ramp to unset any assigned color ramp to the widget
(available only in some contexts)
uncheckedRandom Colors: available only in some contexts
(e.g., when a color ramp is being used for a layer symbology),
checking this entry creates and applies a color ramp with random colors.
It also enables a Shuffle random colors entry to regenerate
a new random color ramp if the current one is not satisfactory.
a preview of the gradient or catalog:cpt-city color ramps flagged as
Favorites in the Style Manager dialog
All Color Ramps to access the compatible color ramps database
Create New Color Ramp... of any supported type that could be used
in the current widget (note that this color ramp will not be available elsewhere
unless you save it in the library)
Edit Color Ramp..., the same as clicking the whole color ramp button
Save Color Ramp..., to save the current color ramp with its
customizations in the style library
The Symbol selector widget is a convenient shortcut when you want
to set symbol properties of a feature. Clicking the drop-down arrow shows the
following symbol options, together with the features of the
color drop-down widget:
Configure Symbol...: the same as pressing the symbol selector widget.
It opens a dialog to set the symbol parameters.
Copy Symbol from the current item
Paste Symbol to the current item, speeding configuration
Clear Current Symbol to unset any assigned symbol to the widget
(available only in some contexts)
Tip
Scroll the mouse wheel over a marker or line symbol widget to quickly
modify the size of the associated symbol.
Along with the file selector widget, the ... button will sometimes
show a drop-down arrow. This is usually available when using:
an SVG file in a symbol or a label
a raster image to customize symbols, labels, textures or decorations
Pressing the arrow will provide you with a menu to:
Select File..., to load the file from the file system. The file is identified through the file path and
QGIS needs to resolve the path in order to display the corresponding image
From URL..., to load the file from a remote URL. As above, the image will only be loaded on
successful retrieval of the remote resource
Embed File..., to embed the file inside
the current project, style database, or print layout template.
The file is then always rendered as part of the item.
This is a convenient way to create self-contained projects with custom symbols
which can be easily shared amongst different users and installations of QGIS.
Extract Embedded File..., to extract the embedded file from the widget and save it on disk.
The visibility scale selector provides options to control the scales
at which an element will be made visible in the map canvas.
Out of the specified range of scales, the elements are not displayed.
It can be applied e.g. to layers, labels or diagrams,
from their Rendering properties tab.
Fill the Minimum (exclusive) box with the most zoomed out desired scale,
typing the value or selecting it from the predefined scales
and/or fill the Maximum (inclusive) box with the most zoomed in desired scale
The mapIdentificationSet to current canvas scale button next to
the scale boxes sets the current map canvas scale as boundary of the range visibility.
Press the arrow next to the button to access scales from layouts’ maps
and reuse them to fill the box.
The Extent selector widget is a convenient shortcut when you want to
select a spatial extent to assign to a layer or to limit the actions to run on.
Depending on the context, it offers selection between:
Current Layer Extent: e.g. when exporting a layer
Calculate from Layer ►: uses extent of a layer loaded in the
current project
Use current Map Canvas Extent
Draw on Canvas: a rectangle whose coordinates are then used
Calculate from Bookmark: uses extent of a saved bookmark
Calculate from Layout Map: uses extent of a layout map
Enter or edit the coordinates as xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax
The Font selector widget is a convenient shortcut when you want to
set font properties for textual information (feature labels, decoration labels,
map legend text, ...). Clicking the drop-down arrow shows some or all of the
following options:
Clear Current Text Format to unset any assigned text format
to the widget (available only in some contexts)
Font Size in the associated unit
Recent Fonts ► menu with the active font checked (at the top)
Configure Format...: same as pressing the font selector widget.
It opens the Text format dialog,
providing advanced formatting options such as color, opacity, orientation, HTML notation,
buffer, background, shadow, ...
Size properties of the items (labels, symbols, layout elements, ...) in QGIS are not
necessarily bound to either the project units or the units of a particular layer.
For a large set of properties, the Unit selector drop-down menu
allows you to tweak their values according to the rendering you want (based on
screen resolution, paper size, or the terrain). Available units are:
Millimeters
Points
Pixels
Inches
Percentage: allows you to set some properties as a percent of another one. For example, this is
useful for creation of text formats where the components (buffer size, shadow radius...)
nicely scale as the text size is changed, instead of having
constant buffer/shadow sizes. So you don’t need to adjust those sizes,
when the text size changes.
Meters at Scale: This allows you to always set the size in meters,
regardless of what the underlying map units are (e.g. they can be in inches, feet,
geographic degrees, ...). The size in meters is calculated based on the current project
ellipsoid setting and a projection of the distances in meters at the center of the
current map extent. For maps in a projected coordinate system this is calculated using
projected units. For maps in a geographic (latitude/longitude) based system the size is
approximated by calculating meter sizes using ellipsoidal calculations for the vertical
scale of the map.
and Map Units: The size is scaled according to the map view scale.
Because this can lead to too big or too small values, use the options button
next to the entry to constrain the size to a range of values based on:
The Minimum scale and the Maximum scale: The value
is scaled based on the map view scale until you reach any of these scale limits.
Out of the range of scale, the value at the nearest scale limit is kept.
and/or The Minimum size and the Maximum size in mm:
The value is scaled based on the map view scale until it reaches any of these
limits; Then the limit size is kept.
Numeric formatters allow formatting of numeric values for display,
using a variety of different formatting techniques
(for instance scientific notation,
currency values, percentage values, custom formatting, etc).
One use of this is to set text in a layout scale bar or table, a color ramp legend, an elevation profile plot, ...
But they can also have their custom settings. Provided categories are:
General, the default category: has no setting and displays values
as set in the parent widget properties or using the global settings.
Custom expression: allows you to craft a custom QGIS expression to format numbers.
The expression can use the @value variable to retrieve the value to be formatted,
and then use any standard QGIS expression function to format this as desired.
Number
The value can be Round to a self defined number of
Decimal places or their Significant figures
customize the Thousands separator and Decimal separator
Bearing for a text representation of a direction/bearing using:
Format: possible ranges of values are 0to180°,withE/Wsuffix,
-180to+180° and 0to360°
number of Decimal places
Currency for a text representation of a currency value.
Prefix
Suffix
number of Decimal places
Fraction for a vulgar fractional representation of a decimal
value (e.g. 1/2 instead of 0.5)
uncheckedUse unicode super/subscript to show. For example 1/2
instead of 1/2
QGIS offers different options for special rendering effects with these tools that
you may previously only know from graphics programs. Blending modes can be applied
on layers and features, and also on print layout items:
Normal: This is the standard blend mode, which uses the alpha channel of the top
pixel to blend with the pixel beneath it. The colors aren’t mixed.
Lighten: This selects the maximum of each component from the foreground and
background pixels. Be aware that the results tend to be jagged and harsh.
Screen: Light pixels from the source are painted over the destination, while
dark pixels are not. This mode is most useful for mixing the texture of one item
with another item (such as using a hillshade to texture another layer).
Dodge: Brighten and saturate underlying pixels based on the lightness
of the top pixel. Brighter top pixels cause the saturation and brightness of
the underlying pixels to increase. This works best if the top pixels aren’t too
bright. Otherwise the effect is too extreme.
Addition: Adds pixel values of one item to the other.
In case of values above the maximum value (in the case of RGB), white is displayed.
This mode is suitable for highlighting features.
Darken: Retains the lowest values of each component of the
foreground and background pixels. Like lighten, the results tend to be jagged and harsh.
Multiply: Pixel values of the top item are multiplied with
the corresponding values for the bottom item. The results are darker.
Burn: Darker colors in the top item cause the underlying items to darken.
Burn can be used to tweak and colorize underlying layers.
Overlay: Combines multiply and screen blending modes.
Light parts become lighter and dark parts become darker.
Soft light: Very similar to overlay, but instead of using multiply/screen
it uses color burn/dodge. This is supposed to emulate shining a soft light onto an image.
Hard light: Hard light is also very similar to the overlay mode. It’s supposed
to emulate projecting a very intense light onto an image.
Difference: Subtracts the top pixel from the bottom pixel, or the other
way around, in order always to get a positive value. Blending with black produces no change,
as the difference with all colors is zero.
Subtract: Subtracts pixel values of one item from the other.
In the case of negative values, black is displayed.
../../../_images/blending_modes.png
Fig. 8.27 Examples of blend modes applied to a green feature over an orange
From top to bottom, left to right: Normal – Lighten, Screen, Dodge, Addition –
Difference, Subtract – Darken, Multiply, Burn – Overlay, Soft light, Hard light
When a layer is part of a group that renders layers as a group,
additional blending modes are available for the rendering.
They provide methods to clip the render of one layer’s content by the content in a second "mask" layer.
Masked By Below: The output is the top pixel, where the opacity is reduced by that of the bottom pixel.
Mask Below: The output is the bottom pixel, where the opacity is reduced by that of the top pixel.
Inverse Masked By Below: The output is the top pixel, where the opacity is reduced by the inverse of the bottom pixel.
Inverse Mask Below: The output is the bottom pixel, where the opacity is reduced by the inverse of the top pixel.
Paint Inside Below: The top pixel is blended on top of the bottom pixel,
with the opacity of the top pixel reduced by the opacity of the bottom pixel.
Paint Below Inside: The bottom pixel is blended on top of the top pixel,
with the opacity of the bottom pixel reduced by the opacity of the top pixel.
../../../_images/blending_clipping.png
Fig. 8.28 Examples of blend clipping mode applied to top green layer in a group
Next to many options in the vector layer properties dialog or settings in the print
layout, you will find a dataDefineData defined override icon.
Using expressions based on layer attributes or item
settings, prebuilt or custom functions and variables,
this tool allows you to set dynamic values for parameters. When enabled,
the value returned by this widget is applied to the parameter regardless of its normal
value (checkbox, textbox, slider...).
Clicking the dataDefineData defined override icon shows the following entries:
Description... that indicates if the option is enabled, which input is
expected, the valid input type and the current definition. Hovering over the
widget also pops up this information.
Store data in the project: a button allowing the property to be stored
using the Auxiliary Storage Properties mechanism.
Field type: an entry to select from the layer’s fields that match the
valid input type.
Color: when the widget is linked to a color property, this menu
gives access to the colors defined as part of the current project’s
colors scheme.
Variable: a menu to access the available user-defined variables
Edit... button to create or edit the expression to apply, using
the Expression String Builder dialog. To help you correctly fill
in the expression, a reminder of the expected output’s format is provided in
the dialog.
Paste and Copy buttons.
Clear button to remove the setup.
For numeric and color properties, Assistant... to rescale
how the feature data is applied to the property (more details below)
You can enable or disable a configured dataDefineData-defined
override button by simply clicking the widget with the right mouse button.
Tip
Use middle-click to create or edit the expression to apply
You can directly open the Expression String Builder dialog to create or
edit the expression to apply by simply clicking the dataDefineData-defined
override widget with the middle mouse button.
8.9.10.2. Using the data-defined assistant interface
When the dataDefineData-defined override button is associated with a
size, a rotation, an opacity or a color property, it has an Assistant...
option that helps you change how the data is applied to the parameter for each
feature. The assistant allows you to:
the range of values to represent: you can manually enter the values or use
the refreshFetch value range from layer button to fill
these fields automatically with the minimum and maximum values returned by
the Source expression applied to your data
uncheckedApply transform curve: by default, output values (see
below for setting) are applied to input features following a linear scale.
You can override this logic: enable the transform option, click on the
graphic to add break point(s) and drag the point(s) to apply a custom
distribution.
Define the Output values: the options vary according to the
parameter to define. You can globally set:
for a color setting, the color ramp to apply to values
and the single color to use for NULL values
for the others, the minimum and maximum values to apply to the selected
property as well as the size/angle/opacity value for ignored or NULL source
features
for size properties, the Scale method of representation which can
be Flannery, Exponential, Surface, Radius or Linear
the Exponent to use for data scaling when the Scale
method is of exponential type or when tweaking the opacity
When compatible with the property, a live-update preview is displayed in the
right-hand side of the dialog to help you control the value scaling.
../../../_images/varying_size_assistant.png
Fig. 8.29 Scaling feature size based on passengers field’s value
The values presented in the varying size assistant above will set the size
‘Data-defined override’ with:
