20.22. Cookie — HTTP state management¶

Note

The Cookie module has been renamed to http.cookies in Python 3.0. The 2to3 tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your sources to 3.0.

Note

On encountering an invalid cookie, CookieError is raised, so if your cookie data comes from a browser you should always prepare for invalid data and catch CookieError on parsing.

See also

Module cookielib

HTTP cookie handling for web clients. The cookielib and Cookie modules do not depend on each other.

RFC 2109 - HTTP State Management Mechanism

This is the state management specification implemented by this module.

20.22.1. Cookie Objects¶

BaseCookie.value_decode(val)¶

Return a decoded value from a string representation. Return value can be any type. This method does nothing in BaseCookie — it exists so it can be overridden.

BaseCookie.value_encode(val)¶

Return an encoded value. val can be any type, but return value must be a string. This method does nothing in BaseCookie — it exists so it can be overridden

In general, it should be the case that value_encode() and value_decode() are inverses on the range of value_decode.

BaseCookie.output([attrs[, header[, sep]]])¶

Return a string representation suitable to be sent as HTTP headers. attrs and header are sent to each Morsel‘s output() method. sep is used to join the headers together, and is by default the combination '\r\n' (CRLF).

Changed in version 2.5: The default separator has been changed from '\n' to match the cookie specification.

BaseCookie.js_output([attrs])¶

Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP headers was sent.

The meaning for attrs is the same as in output().

BaseCookie.load(rawdata)¶

If rawdata is a string, parse it as an HTTP_COOKIE and add the values found there as Morsels. If it is a dictionary, it is equivalent to:

for k, v in rawdata.items():
 cookie[k] = v

20.22.2. Morsel Objects¶

class Cookie.Morsel¶

Abstract a key/value pair, which has some RFC 2109 attributes.

Morsels are dictionary-like objects, whose set of keys is constant — the valid RFC 2109 attributes, which are

• expires
• path
• comment
• domain
• max-age
• secure
• version
• httponly

The attribute httponly specifies that the cookie is only transfered in HTTP requests, and is not accessible through JavaScript. This is intended to mitigate some forms of cross-site scripting.

The keys are case-insensitive.

New in version 2.6: The httponly attribute was added.

Morsel.value¶

The value of the cookie.

Morsel.coded_value¶

The encoded value of the cookie — this is what should be sent.

Morsel.key¶

The name of the cookie.

Morsel.set(key, value, coded_value)¶

Set the key, value and coded_value members.

Morsel.isReservedKey(K)¶

Whether K is a member of the set of keys of a Morsel.

Morsel.output([attrs[, header]])¶

Return a string representation of the Morsel, suitable to be sent as an HTTP header. By default, all the attributes are included, unless attrs is given, in which case it should be a list of attributes to use. header is by default "Set-Cookie:".

Morsel.js_output([attrs])¶

Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP header was sent.

The meaning for attrs is the same as in output().

Morsel.OutputString([attrs])¶

Return a string representing the Morsel, without any surrounding HTTP or JavaScript.

The meaning for attrs is the same as in output().

20.22.3. Example¶

The following example demonstrates how to use the Cookie module.

>>> import Cookie
>>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
>>> C["fig"] = "newton"
>>> C["sugar"] = "wafer"
>>> print C # generate HTTP headers
Set-Cookie: fig=newton
Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer
>>> print C.output() # same thing
Set-Cookie: fig=newton
Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer
>>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
>>> C["rocky"] = "road"
>>> C["rocky"]["path"] = "/cookie"
>>> print C.output(header="Cookie:")
Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie
>>> print C.output(attrs=[], header="Cookie:")
Cookie: rocky=road
>>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
>>> C.load("chips=ahoy; vienna=finger") # load from a string (HTTP header)
>>> print C
Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy
Set-Cookie: vienna=finger
>>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
>>> C.load('keebler="E=everybody; L=\\"Loves\\"; fudge=\\012;";')
>>> print C
Set-Cookie: keebler="E=everybody; L=\"Loves\"; fudge=012円;"
>>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
>>> C["oreo"] = "doublestuff"
>>> C["oreo"]["path"] = "/"
>>> print C
Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/
>>> C["twix"] = "none for you"
>>> C["twix"].value
'none for you'
>>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
>>> C["number"] = 7 # equivalent to C["number"] = str(7)
>>> C["string"] = "seven"
>>> C["number"].value
'7'
>>> C["string"].value
'seven'
>>> print C
Set-Cookie: number=7
Set-Cookie: string=seven
>>> # SerialCookie and SmartCookie are deprecated
>>> # using it can cause security loopholes in your code.
>>> C = Cookie.SerialCookie()
>>> C["number"] = 7
>>> C["string"] = "seven"
>>> C["number"].value
7
>>> C["string"].value
'seven'
>>> print C
Set-Cookie: number="I7012円."
Set-Cookie: string="S'seven'012円p1012円."
>>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
>>> C["number"] = 7
>>> C["string"] = "seven"
>>> C["number"].value
7
>>> C["string"].value
'seven'
>>> print C
Set-Cookie: number="I7012円."
Set-Cookie: string=seven