20. Internet Protocols and Support¶

The modules described in this chapter implement Internet protocols and support for related technology. They are all implemented in Python. Most of these modules require the presence of the system-dependent module socket, which is currently supported on most popular platforms. Here is an overview:

• 20.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
  • 20.1.1. Browser Controller Objects
• 20.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
  • 20.2.1. Introduction
  • 20.2.2. Using the cgi module
  • 20.2.3. Higher Level Interface
  • 20.2.4. Functions
  • 20.2.5. Caring about security
  • 20.2.6. Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
  • 20.2.7. Testing your CGI script
  • 20.2.8. Debugging CGI scripts
  • 20.2.9. Common problems and solutions
• 20.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts
• 20.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
  • 20.4.1. wsgiref.util – WSGI environment utilities
  • 20.4.2. wsgiref.headers – WSGI response header tools
  • 20.4.3. wsgiref.simple_server – a simple WSGI HTTP server
  • 20.4.4. wsgiref.validate — WSGI conformance checker
  • 20.4.5. wsgiref.handlers – server/gateway base classes
  • 20.4.6. Examples
• 20.5. urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs
  • 20.5.1. Request Objects
  • 20.5.2. OpenerDirector Objects
  • 20.5.3. BaseHandler Objects
  • 20.5.4. HTTPRedirectHandler Objects
  • 20.5.5. HTTPCookieProcessor Objects
  • 20.5.6. ProxyHandler Objects
  • 20.5.7. HTTPPasswordMgr Objects
  • 20.5.8. AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects
  • 20.5.9. HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects
  • 20.5.10. ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects
  • 20.5.11. AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects
  • 20.5.12. HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects
  • 20.5.13. ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects
  • 20.5.14. HTTPHandler Objects
  • 20.5.15. HTTPSHandler Objects
  • 20.5.16. FileHandler Objects
  • 20.5.17. FTPHandler Objects
  • 20.5.18. CacheFTPHandler Objects
  • 20.5.19. UnknownHandler Objects
  • 20.5.20. HTTPErrorProcessor Objects
  • 20.5.21. Examples
  • 20.5.22. urllib.request Restrictions
• 20.6. urllib.response — Response classes used by urllib
• 20.7. urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components
  • 20.7.1. Results of urlparse() and urlsplit()
• 20.8. urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request
• 20.9. urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt
• 20.10. http.client — HTTP protocol client
  • 20.10.1. HTTPConnection Objects
  • 20.10.2. HTTPResponse Objects
  • 20.10.3. Examples
  • 20.10.4. HTTPMessage Objects
• 20.11. ftplib — FTP protocol client
  • 20.11.1. FTP Objects
• 20.12. poplib — POP3 protocol client
  • 20.12.1. POP3 Objects
  • 20.12.2. POP3 Example
• 20.13. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
  • 20.13.1. IMAP4 Objects
  • 20.13.2. IMAP4 Example
• 20.14. nntplib — NNTP protocol client
  • 20.14.1. NNTP Objects
• 20.15. smtplib — SMTP protocol client
  • 20.15.1. SMTP Objects
  • 20.15.2. SMTP Example
• 20.16. smtpd — SMTP Server
  • 20.16.1. SMTPServer Objects
  • 20.16.2. DebuggingServer Objects
  • 20.16.3. PureProxy Objects
  • 20.16.4. MailmanProxy Objects
• 20.17. telnetlib — Telnet client
  • 20.17.1. Telnet Objects
  • 20.17.2. Telnet Example
• 20.18. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
  • 20.18.1. Example
• 20.19. socketserver — A framework for network servers
  • 20.19.1. Server Creation Notes
  • 20.19.2. Server Objects
  • 20.19.3. RequestHandler Objects
  • 20.19.4. Examples
    • 20.19.4.1. socketserver.TCPServer Example
    • 20.19.4.2. socketserver.UDPServer Example
    • 20.19.4.3. Asynchronous Mixins
• 20.20. http.server — HTTP servers
• 20.21. http.cookies — HTTP state management
  • 20.21.1. Cookie Objects
  • 20.21.2. Morsel Objects
  • 20.21.3. Example
• 20.22. http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
  • 20.22.1. CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects
  • 20.22.2. FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers
  • 20.22.3. CookiePolicy Objects
  • 20.22.4. DefaultCookiePolicy Objects
  • 20.22.5. Cookie Objects
  • 20.22.6. Examples
• 20.23. xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access
  • 20.23.1. ServerProxy Objects
  • 20.23.2. DateTime Objects
  • 20.23.3. Binary Objects
  • 20.23.4. Fault Objects
  • 20.23.5. ProtocolError Objects
  • 20.23.6. MultiCall Objects
  • 20.23.7. Convenience Functions
  • 20.23.8. Example of Client Usage
  • 20.23.9. Example of Client and Server Usage
• 20.24. xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers
  • 20.24.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects
    • 20.24.1.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Example
  • 20.24.2. CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
  • 20.24.3. Documenting XMLRPC server
  • 20.24.4. DocXMLRPCServer Objects
  • 20.24.5. DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler