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Not sure how much of a performance increase you can get out this (I'm on a virtual machine right now, not exactly the best), but if you know that:

• Your sprites will always be squares (more precisely: that they'll have a square-shaped colliding box)
• Your sprites will always move only vertically

Then you can exploit these two assumptions by keeping sorted lists of x coordinates and y coordinates and do a binary search to find the closest box. If that box is not colliding, you know that no other box is.

Here is some sample code (I adapted some code from here ), but keep in mind that this is just an example, you should implement it correctly with an OO design if that's what you chose (and I'm curious to know what, if any, kind of improvement you're getting):

import pygame
from pygame.locals import*
import time
import bisect
BOX_SIZE_X = 40
BOX_SIZE_Y = 40
def closest_search(data, val):
 highIndex = len(data)-1
 lowIndex = 0
 while highIndex > lowIndex:
 index = (highIndex + lowIndex) / 2
 sub = data[index]
 if data[lowIndex] == val:
 return data[lowIndex]
 elif sub == val:
 return data[index]
 elif data[highIndex] == val:
 return data[highIndex]
 elif sub > val:
 if highIndex == index:
 return data[sorted([highIndex, lowIndex])[0]]
 highIndex = index
 else:
 if lowIndex == index:
 return data[sorted([highIndex, lowIndex])[0]]
 lowIndex = index
 return data[sorted([highIndex, lowIndex])[0]]
def is_colliding(x, y):
 global sorted_x, sorted_y
 inside_x = False
 inside_y = False
 if len(sorted_x) > 0:
 closest_x = closest_search(sorted_x, event.pos[0])
 if abs(closest_x - box.rect.x) < BOX_SIZE_X:
 inside_x = True
 closest_y = closest_search(sorted_y, box.rect.y)
 if abs(closest_y - box.rect.y) < BOX_SIZE_Y:
 inside_y = True
 if (inside_x and inside_y):
 return True
 return False
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((1250,720))
class Box(pygame.sprite.DirtySprite):
 def __init__(self,posx,posy):
 pygame.sprite.DirtySprite.__init__(self)
 self.image= pygame.Surface ([BOX_SIZE_X, BOX_SIZE_X]).convert_alpha()
 self.image.fill((250,0,0))
 self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
 self.rect.center=(posx,posy) 
 def update (self):
 self.dirty=1 
pygame.init()
clock=pygame.time.Clock()
boxs=pygame.sprite.LayeredDirty()
sorted_x = []
sorted_y = []
while True :
 start = time.time()
 screen.fill((0,0,0))
 for event in pygame.event.get():
 if event.type==pygame.QUIT :
 pygame.quit()
 quit()
 if event.type== pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
 box=Box(event.pos[0],event.pos[1])
 if not is_colliding(box.rect.x, box.rect.y):
 boxs.add(box)
 bisect.insort_left(sorted_x, box.rect.x)
 elif event.type== pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 3:
 pass
 elif event.type==KEYDOWN:
 if event.key==K_SPACE:
 boxs.empty()
 sorted_x = []
 sorted_y = []
 for box in boxs : 
 if box.rect.y<650 :
 touch= pygame.sprite.spritecollide(box, boxs,False) 
 if (len(touch))<2:
 box.rect.move_ip(0,1)
 bisect.insort_left(sorted_y, box.rect.y)
 boxs.update()
 dirty=boxs.draw(screen)
 pygame.display.update(dirty)
 clock.tick(60)
 end = time.time() 
 print (end-start)