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N.B. Thanks to @arcadeprecinct and @raystafarian for suggestions and improvements.

N.B. Thanks to @arcadeprecinct and @raystafarian for suggestions and improvements.

Mathematical Note:
Allowing for any value space (say, numbers from 2.7 to 3.81 with values of 3 decimal places):

Mathematical Note:

Allowing for any value space (say, numbers from 2.7 to 3.81 with values of 3 decimal places):

Public Function RandList(ByVal minValue As Double, ByVal maxValue As Double, ByVal targetSum As Double, Optional ByVal numDecimalPlaces As Long = 0)
 
 sumTotal = WorksheetFunction.Floor(sumTotal, numDecimalPlaces) '/ In Case, e.g. the total is 100.24 but we're only working in whole numbers
 Dim sumList() As Long
 ReDim sumList(1 To 1)
 
 Dim remainder As Double
 remainder = targetSum
 
 Dim valueSpace As Double
 valueSpace = maxValue - minValue + 1 * 10 ^ (-numDecimalPlaces) '/ 1 * 10 ^ (-numDecimalPlaces) is our Floor() buffer so we can still hit the top of the value space.
 
 Dim i As Long
 Dim rndNum As Double
 Do Until remainder <= 0
 i = i + 1
 ReDim Preserve sumList(1 To i)
 rndNum = WorksheetFunction.Floor(minValue + (Rnd() * valueSpace), numDecimalPlaces)
 sumList(i) = rndNum
 remainder = remainder - rndNum
 Loop
 sumList(i) = sumList(i) + remainder
 
 RandList = sumList
End Function

Public Sub DescriptiveName()
 Dim sumList() As Long
 sumList = RandList(0, 9, 100)
 '/ Stuff to print sumList goes here
End Sub

N.B. Thanks to @arcadeprecinct for pointing out various simplifications.

Public Function RandList(ByVal minValue As Double, ByVal maxValue As Double, ByVal targetSum As Double, Optional ByVal numDecimalPlaces As Long = 0) As Double()
 
 sumTotal = WorksheetFunction.Floor(sumTotal, numDecimalPlaces) '/ In Case, e.g. the total is 100.24 but we're only working in whole numbers
 Dim sumList() As Double
 ReDim sumList(1 To 1)
 
 Dim remainder As Double
 remainder = targetSum
 
 Dim valueSpace As Double
 valueSpace = maxValue - minValue + 1 * 10 ^ (-numDecimalPlaces) '/ 1 * 10 ^ (-numDecimalPlaces) is our Floor() buffer so we can still hit the top of the value space.
 
 Dim i As Long
 Dim rndNum As Double
 Do Until remainder <= 0
 i = i + 1
 ReDim Preserve sumList(1 To i)
 rndNum = WorksheetFunction.Floor(minValue + (Rnd() * valueSpace), numDecimalPlaces)
 sumList(i) = rndNum
 remainder = remainder - rndNum
 Loop
 sumList(i) = sumList(i) + remainder
 
 RandList = sumList
End Function

Public Sub DescriptiveName()
 Dim sumList() As Double
 sumList = RandList(0, 9, 100)
 '/ Stuff to print sumList goes here
End Sub

N.B. Thanks to @arcadeprecinct and @raystafarian for suggestions and improvements.