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This is a second rev of this SE Question.

This is a second rev of this SE Question.

Rev 3

<?php
/****************************************************************************************************
* Debug path
****************************************************************************************************/
if($_GET)
{
 $obj = new FaviconFinder();
 $obj->invokeDebug($_GET);
}
/****************************************************************************************************
* class
****************************************************************************************************/
class FaviconFinder
{
 // domain before and after redirects
 private $domain;
 private $real_domain;
 // the domain and how it was obtained
 private $domain_code = '0';
 private $domain_file;
 // the favicon and how it was obtained
 private $favicon_code = 'z';
 private $favicon_file;
 private $ext;
 // paths local to server and on the internet (URL)
 private $path_local_server = "../../favicons/";
 private $name_db;
 private $path_internet;
/****************************************************************************************************
* invoke
****************************************************************************************************/
 public function invoke( $pipe )
 {
 $domain = $pipe['domain'];
 $this->domain = $domain;
 if ( $this->googleAPIFound($domain) )
 {
 $pipe = $this->saveFavicon(true);
 $pipe['favicon'] = 'NULL';
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = $this->name_db;
 } else if ( $this->defaultFound($domain) )
 {
 $pipe = $this->saveFavicon(true);
 $pipe['favicon'] = 'NULL';
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = $this->name_db;
 } else if ( $this->pageFound($domain) && $this->linkFound() && $this->getFavicon($this->path_internet) )
 {
 $pipe = $this->saveFavicon(false);
 $pipe['favicon'] = $this->path_internet;
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = $this->name_db;
 } else {
 $pipe['favicon'] = 'NULL';
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = 'image_generic.png';
 }
 $pipe['method'] = $this->domain_code . $this->favicon_code;
 return $pipe;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* defaultFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function defaultFound ($domain) {
 $default_location = 'http://www.' . $domain . '/favicon.ico';
 if( $this->getFavicon( $default_location) )
 {
 $this->domain_code = 'default - 1';
 $this->path_internet = $default_location;
 return true;
 }
 return false;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* googleAPIFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function googleAPIFound ($domain) {
 $favicon = @file_get_contents('https://plus.google.com/_/favicon?domain=' . $domain);
 // remove this
 $favicon64 = base64_encode($favicon);
 if ( hash('md5', $favicon64) == '99fd8ddc4311471625e5756986002b6b' ) {
 return false;
 }
 else {
 $this->domain_code = 'google - 1';
 $this->favicon_file = $favicon;
 return true;
 }
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* pageFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function pageFound ($domain) 
 {
 return $this->pageFoundGet($domain) || $this->pageFoundCurl($domain);
 }
 private function pageFoundCurl ($domain)
 {
 $types = array(
 "curl - 1"=>$domain, 
 "curl - 2"=>'www.' . $domain,
 "curl - 4"=>'https://www.' . $domain, 
 "curl - 3"=>'http://www.' . $domain,
 "curl - 6"=>'https://' . $domain,
 "curl - 5"=>'http://' . $domain
 );
 foreach ($types as $code => $value) {
 $this->domain_file = $this->curlExec($value, true);
 if ($this->domain_file)
 {
 $this->domain_code = $code;
 return true;
 }
 }
 return false;
 }
 private function pageFoundGet( $domain )
 {
 $types = array(
 "file_get - 1"=>$domain, 
 "file_get - 2"=>'www.' . $domain,
 "file_get - 3"=>'http://www.' . $domain,
 "file_get - 4"=>'https://www.' . $domain, 
 "file_get - 5"=>'http://' . $domain,
 "file_get - 6"=>'https://' . $domain
 );
 foreach ($types as $code => $value) {
 if ($this->domain_file = $this->fileGetContents( $value ))
 {
 $this->domain_code = $code;
 return true;
 }
 }
 return false;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* linkFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function linkFound()
 {
 $domain = $this->real_domain;
 $regex = '#<link\s+(?=[^>]*rel=(?:\'|")(?:shortcut\s)?icon(?:\'|")\s*)(?:[^>]*href=(?:\'|")(.+?)(?:\'|")).*>#i';
 $link_found = preg_match( $regex , $this->domain_file, $matches );
 if($link_found === 1)
 {
 $path = $matches[1];
 if ( $path[0] === '/' && $path[1] === '/' )
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'a';
 $this->path_internet = 'http:' . $path;
 }
 else if( $path[0] === '/' )
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'b';
 $this->path_internet = 'http://www.' . $domain . $path;
 }
 else if ( substr($path, 0, 4) === 'http' )
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'c';
 $this->path_internet = $path;
 }
 else
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'd';
 $this->path_internet = 'http://www.' . $domain . '/' . $path;
 }
 }
 else
 {
 return false;
 }
 return true;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* getFavicon
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function getFavicon($url)
 {
 return $this->getFaviconCurl($url) ; 
 }
 private function getFaviconCurl($url)
 {
 $favicon = $this->curlExec( $url, false );
 if($favicon === false)
 {
 return false;
 }
 if(strlen($favicon) < 20) 
 {
 return false;
 }
 $this->favicon_file = $favicon;
 return true;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* saveFavicon
****************************************************************************************************/
 public function saveFavicon( $auto_ext )
 {
 if ( $auto_ext ) {
 $this->ext = "ico";
 } else {
 $arr = parse_url($this->path_internet);
 $this->ext = pathinfo($arr['path'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
 }
 $name = str_replace('.', '_', $this->domain);
 if ($this->ext) {
 $name = $name . "." . $this->ext;
 }
 file_put_contents($this->path_local_server . $name, $this->favicon_file);
 $this->name_db = $name;
 return $pipe;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* wrapper functions 
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function curlExec ($url, $set_redirect)
 {
 $curl = curl_init();
 curl_setopt_array($curl, array(
 CURLOPT_URL => $url,
 CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
 CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => true,
 ));
 $page = curl_exec($curl);
 if ($set_redirect) {
 $url = curl_getinfo( $curl )['url'];
 $url = parse_url($url);
 $url = $url['host'];
 $this->real_domain = preg_replace('#^www\.(.+\.)#i', '1ドル', $url); 
 }
 curl_close($curl);
 return $page;
 }
 private function fileGetContents ($value)
 {
 $opts = array(
 'http'=>array(
 'follow_location' => true,
 'max_redirects' => 20
 )
 );
 $context = stream_context_create($opts);
 return @file_get_contents( $value, false, $context );
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* invokeDebug
****************************************************************************************************/
 public function invokeDebug($pipe)
 {
 if ($pipe['domain'])
 {
 $pipe = $this->invoke($pipe);
 echo "<br> domain | " . $pipe['domain'] . "";
 echo "<br> domain_code | " . $this->domain_code;
 echo "<br> favicon_code | " . $this->favicon_code;
 }
 if ($this->favicon_file)
 {
 echo "<br> favicon_file type | " . gettype($this->favicon_file);
 echo "<br> favicon_file length | " . strlen($this->favicon_file);
 echo "<br> favicon_file | " . $this->favicon_file;
 $file64 = base64_encode($this->favicon_file);
 echo "<br> <img src= 'data:image/" . $this->ext . ";base64," . $file64 . "'></img>";
 }
 }
}

Rev 3

<?php
/****************************************************************************************************
* Debug path
****************************************************************************************************/
if($_GET)
{
 $obj = new FaviconFinder();
 $obj->invokeDebug($_GET);
}
/****************************************************************************************************
* class
****************************************************************************************************/
class FaviconFinder
{
 // domain before and after redirects
 private $domain;
 private $real_domain;
 // the domain and how it was obtained
 private $domain_code = '0';
 private $domain_file;
 // the favicon and how it was obtained
 private $favicon_code = 'z';
 private $favicon_file;
 private $ext;
 // paths local to server and on the internet (URL)
 private $path_local_server = "../../favicons/";
 private $name_db;
 private $path_internet;
/****************************************************************************************************
* invoke
****************************************************************************************************/
 public function invoke( $pipe )
 {
 $domain = $pipe['domain'];
 $this->domain = $domain;
 if ( $this->googleAPIFound($domain) )
 {
 $pipe = $this->saveFavicon(true);
 $pipe['favicon'] = 'NULL';
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = $this->name_db;
 } else if ( $this->defaultFound($domain) )
 {
 $pipe = $this->saveFavicon(true);
 $pipe['favicon'] = 'NULL';
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = $this->name_db;
 } else if ( $this->pageFound($domain) && $this->linkFound() && $this->getFavicon($this->path_internet) )
 {
 $pipe = $this->saveFavicon(false);
 $pipe['favicon'] = $this->path_internet;
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = $this->name_db;
 } else {
 $pipe['favicon'] = 'NULL';
 $pipe['favicon_local'] = 'image_generic.png';
 }
 $pipe['method'] = $this->domain_code . $this->favicon_code;
 return $pipe;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* defaultFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function defaultFound ($domain) {
 $default_location = 'http://www.' . $domain . '/favicon.ico';
 if( $this->getFavicon( $default_location) )
 {
 $this->domain_code = 'default - 1';
 $this->path_internet = $default_location;
 return true;
 }
 return false;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* googleAPIFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function googleAPIFound ($domain) {
 $favicon = @file_get_contents('https://plus.google.com/_/favicon?domain=' . $domain);
 // remove this
 $favicon64 = base64_encode($favicon);
 if ( hash('md5', $favicon64) == '99fd8ddc4311471625e5756986002b6b' ) {
 return false;
 }
 else {
 $this->domain_code = 'google - 1';
 $this->favicon_file = $favicon;
 return true;
 }
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* pageFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function pageFound ($domain) 
 {
 return $this->pageFoundGet($domain) || $this->pageFoundCurl($domain);
 }
 private function pageFoundCurl ($domain)
 {
 $types = array(
 "curl - 1"=>$domain, 
 "curl - 2"=>'www.' . $domain,
 "curl - 4"=>'https://www.' . $domain, 
 "curl - 3"=>'http://www.' . $domain,
 "curl - 6"=>'https://' . $domain,
 "curl - 5"=>'http://' . $domain
 );
 foreach ($types as $code => $value) {
 $this->domain_file = $this->curlExec($value, true);
 if ($this->domain_file)
 {
 $this->domain_code = $code;
 return true;
 }
 }
 return false;
 }
 private function pageFoundGet( $domain )
 {
 $types = array(
 "file_get - 1"=>$domain, 
 "file_get - 2"=>'www.' . $domain,
 "file_get - 3"=>'http://www.' . $domain,
 "file_get - 4"=>'https://www.' . $domain, 
 "file_get - 5"=>'http://' . $domain,
 "file_get - 6"=>'https://' . $domain
 );
 foreach ($types as $code => $value) {
 if ($this->domain_file = $this->fileGetContents( $value ))
 {
 $this->domain_code = $code;
 return true;
 }
 }
 return false;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* linkFound
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function linkFound()
 {
 $domain = $this->real_domain;
 $regex = '#<link\s+(?=[^>]*rel=(?:\'|")(?:shortcut\s)?icon(?:\'|")\s*)(?:[^>]*href=(?:\'|")(.+?)(?:\'|")).*>#i';
 $link_found = preg_match( $regex , $this->domain_file, $matches );
 if($link_found === 1)
 {
 $path = $matches[1];
 if ( $path[0] === '/' && $path[1] === '/' )
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'a';
 $this->path_internet = 'http:' . $path;
 }
 else if( $path[0] === '/' )
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'b';
 $this->path_internet = 'http://www.' . $domain . $path;
 }
 else if ( substr($path, 0, 4) === 'http' )
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'c';
 $this->path_internet = $path;
 }
 else
 {
 $this->favicon_code = 'd';
 $this->path_internet = 'http://www.' . $domain . '/' . $path;
 }
 }
 else
 {
 return false;
 }
 return true;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* getFavicon
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function getFavicon($url)
 {
 return $this->getFaviconCurl($url) ; 
 }
 private function getFaviconCurl($url)
 {
 $favicon = $this->curlExec( $url, false );
 if($favicon === false)
 {
 return false;
 }
 if(strlen($favicon) < 20) 
 {
 return false;
 }
 $this->favicon_file = $favicon;
 return true;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* saveFavicon
****************************************************************************************************/
 public function saveFavicon( $auto_ext )
 {
 if ( $auto_ext ) {
 $this->ext = "ico";
 } else {
 $arr = parse_url($this->path_internet);
 $this->ext = pathinfo($arr['path'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
 }
 $name = str_replace('.', '_', $this->domain);
 if ($this->ext) {
 $name = $name . "." . $this->ext;
 }
 file_put_contents($this->path_local_server . $name, $this->favicon_file);
 $this->name_db = $name;
 return $pipe;
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* wrapper functions 
****************************************************************************************************/
 private function curlExec ($url, $set_redirect)
 {
 $curl = curl_init();
 curl_setopt_array($curl, array(
 CURLOPT_URL => $url,
 CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
 CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => true,
 ));
 $page = curl_exec($curl);
 if ($set_redirect) {
 $url = curl_getinfo( $curl )['url'];
 $url = parse_url($url);
 $url = $url['host'];
 $this->real_domain = preg_replace('#^www\.(.+\.)#i', '1ドル', $url); 
 }
 curl_close($curl);
 return $page;
 }
 private function fileGetContents ($value)
 {
 $opts = array(
 'http'=>array(
 'follow_location' => true,
 'max_redirects' => 20
 )
 );
 $context = stream_context_create($opts);
 return @file_get_contents( $value, false, $context );
 }
/****************************************************************************************************
* invokeDebug
****************************************************************************************************/
 public function invokeDebug($pipe)
 {
 if ($pipe['domain'])
 {
 $pipe = $this->invoke($pipe);
 echo "<br> domain | " . $pipe['domain'] . "";
 echo "<br> domain_code | " . $this->domain_code;
 echo "<br> favicon_code | " . $this->favicon_code;
 }
 if ($this->favicon_file)
 {
 echo "<br> favicon_file type | " . gettype($this->favicon_file);
 echo "<br> favicon_file length | " . strlen($this->favicon_file);
 echo "<br> favicon_file | " . $this->favicon_file;
 $file64 = base64_encode($this->favicon_file);
 echo "<br> <img src= 'data:image/" . $this->ext . ";base64," . $file64 . "'></img>";
 }
 }
}