Half a century ago, Britain abandoned Aden, its last colonial outpost in the Arab world as its attempt to establish a new polity foundered amid a rising tide of Arab nationalism, tribal infighting and anti-colonial sentiment that eventually gave rise to the establishment of South Yemen. Yet just over three years later in 1971, a new state, the United Arab Emirates, emerged in Arabia, formed from the old Trucial states over which Britain had long held sway. At a time when state failure and fragmentation has become synonymous with much of the Middle East and where the very idea of sovereignty and legitimacy have become contested issues, this comparative historical study of the varied British attempts at state creation on the Arabian peninsula offers important insights into the limits of external ambition, as well as the possibilities that great power retrenchment offered to the peoples of the region. The legacy of British influence in Aden and Abu Dhabi still very much resonates today; this volume explains why. This book was originally published as a special issue of Middle Eastern Studies.

Introduction. Aden, South Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study in state failure and state creation 1. A triumph of realism? Britain, Aden and the end of empire, 1964-67 2. The missing link? Police and state-building in South Arabia 3. Explaining the triumph of the National Liberation Front 4. The Nasser factor: Anglo-Egyptian relations and Yemen/Aden crisis 1962-65 5. The North Yemen civil war and the failure of the Federation of South Arabia 6. Failure and success in state formation: British policy towards the Federation of South Arabia and the United Arab Emirates 7. Anglo-American relations over Aden and the United Arab Emirates, 1967-71 8. From union ('ittihad) to united (muttahida): the United Arab Emirates, a success born of failure 9. Aden and the Gulf: the reflections of a political officer