内容説明
The present volume-the first of its kind-deals with takfir: accusing ones opponents of unbelief (kufr). Originating in the first decades of Islam, this practice has been applied intermittently ever since. The nineteen studies included here deal with cases, covering different periods and parts of the Muslim world, of individuals or groups that used the instrument of takfir to brand their opponents-either persons, groups or even institutions-as unbelievers who should be condemned, anathematized or even persecuted. Each case presented is placed in its sociopolitical and religious context. Together the contributions show the multifariousness that has always characterized Islam and the various ways in which Muslims either sought to suppress or to come to terms with this diversity.
With contributions by: Roswitha Badry, Sonja Brentjes, Brian J. Didier, Michael Ebstein, Simeon Evstatiev, Ersilia Francesca, Robert Gleave, Steven Judd, Istvan T. Kristo-Nagy, Goeran Larsson, Amalia Levanoni, Orkhan Mir-Kasimov, Hossein Modarressi, Justyna Nedza, Intisar A. Rabb, Sajjad Rizvi, Daniel de Smet, Zoltan Szombathy, Joas Wagemakers.
目次
Contents
List of contributors
Preface and Acknowledgements
Introduction
I. Takfir Through Islamic History
1. The Early Period (First/Seventh-Fourth/Tenth Centuries)
Self-defining through Faith: The walaya and bara'a Dynamics among the Early Ibadis
Ersilia Francesca
Were the Umayyad-Era Qadarites Kafirs?
Steven Judd
Denouncing the Damned Zindiq! Struggle and Interaction between Monotheism and Dualism
Istvan T. Kristo-Nagy
Kufr et takfir dans l'ismaelisme fatimide: Le Kitab Tanbih al-hadi de Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
Daniel De Smet
2. The Classical and Post-Classical Period (Fifth/Eleventh-Eleventh/Eighteenth Centuries)
The Vocabulary of "Unbelief" in Three Biographical Dictionaries and Two Historical Chronicles of the 7th/13th and 8th/14th Centuries
Sonja Brentjes
Takfir in Egypt and Syria during the Mamluk Period
Amalia Levanoni
Takfir and Messianism: The Hurufi Case
Orkhan Mir-Kasimov
The Qadizadeli Movement and the Revival of takfir in the Ottoman Age
Simeon Evstatiev
The takfir of the Philosophers (and Sufis) in Safavid Iran
Sajjad Rizvi
3. The Modern Period
The Cost of Condemnation: Heresy and takfir in a South Indian Community
Brian J. Didier
The Sum of its Parts: The State as Apostate in Contemporary Saudi Militant Islamism
Justyna Nedza
"The Kafir Religion of the West": Takfir of Democracy and Democrats by Radical Islamists
Joas Wagemakers
On the takfir of Arab Women Rights Advocates in Recent Times
Roswitha Badry
Apostasy in the West: A Swedish Case Study
Goeran Larsson
II. Discussing Takfir:Different Perspectives
Essential Islam: The Minimum that a Muslim is Required to Acknowledge
Hossein Modarressi
Abandoning Prayer and the Declaration of Unbelief in Imami Jurisprudence
Robert Gleave
Society and Propriety: The Cultural Construction of Defamation and Blasphemy as Crimes in Islamic Law
Intisar A. Rabb
Literary Works as Evidence of Unbelief
Zoltan Szombathy
"Religions, Opinions and Beliefs Are Nothing but Roads and Paths ... While the Goal Is One": Between Unity and Diversity in Islamic Mysticism
Michael Ebstein
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